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26-778: The Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders (also known as Hitler's Globe or the Führer Globe ) were two purpose-made globes designed in Berlin in the 1930s, one each for Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party . The Columbus Globe for State and Industry Leaders was located in Hitler's office throughout most of its existence. It became widely known in the United States after comedian Charlie Chaplin parodied it in his 1940 film The Great Dictator . Comedy group The Three Stooges also made fun of it in two of their short subject comedies. One of

52-404: A diameter of one  foot (about 30 cm), yielding a circumference of 3.14 feet (about 96 cm) and a scale of 1:42 million. Globes are also made in many other sizes. Some globes have surface texture showing topography or bathymetry . In these, elevations and depressions are purposely exaggerated, as they otherwise would be hardly visible. For example, one manufacturer produces

78-608: A globe is from Strabo , describing the Globe of Crates from about 150 BC. The oldest surviving terrestrial globe is the Erdapfel , made by Martin Behaim in 1492. The oldest surviving celestial globe sits atop the Farnese Atlas , carved in the 2nd century Roman Empire . Flat maps are created using a map projection that inevitably introduces an increasing amount of distortion the larger

104-781: A globe took place before the fifteenth century. The earliest extant terrestrial globe was made in 1492 by Martin Behaim (1459–1537) with help from the painter Georg Glockendon. Behaim was a German mapmaker, navigator, and merchant. Working in Nuremberg , Germany, he called his globe the "Nürnberg Terrestrial Globe." It is now known as the Erdapfel . Before constructing the globe, Behaim had traveled extensively. He sojourned in Lisbon from 1480, developing commercial interests and mingling with explorers and scientists. He began to construct his globe after his return to Nürnberg in 1490. China made many mapping advancements such as sophisticated land surveys and

130-724: A surviving celestial globe is part of a Hellenistic sculpture, called the Farnese Atlas , surviving in a 2nd-century AD Roman copy in the Naples Archaeological Museum , Italy. Early terrestrial globes depicting the entirety of the Old World were constructed in the Islamic world . During the Middle Ages in Christian Europe, while there are writings alluding to the idea that the earth was spherical, no known attempts at making

156-409: A three dimensional raised relief globe with a 64 cm (25 in) diameter (equivalent to a 200 cm circumference, or approximately a scale of 1:20 million) showing the highest mountains as over 2.5 cm (1 in) tall, which is about 57 times higher than the correct scale of Mount Everest . Most modern globes are also imprinted with parallels and meridians , so that one can tell

182-786: Is not Hitler's, but another one that is thought to have belonged to Joachim von Ribbentrop , the Nazi foreign minister, and offered no clue as to where the globe that belonged to Hitler is today. The globe is regarded as a metaphorical representation of Hitler's alleged megalomaniacal desire for world conquest. It features in Hollywood's first satire of Hitler and the Nazis, The Three Stooges ' short subject You Nazty Spy! , released in January 1940. In Charlie Chaplin 's The Great Dictator , released in October 1940,

208-565: Is united with its opposite counterpart to form a complete globe. Usually a globe is mounted so that its rotation axis is 23.5° (0.41 rad ) from vertical, which is the angle the Earth's rotation axis deviates from perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. This mounting makes it easy to visualize how seasons change. In the 1800s small pocket globes (less than 3 inches) were status symbols for gentlemen and educational toys for rich children. Sorted in decreasing sizes: megalomania Megalomania

234-492: The TMA version of the Soyuz spacecraft replaced this instrument with a digital map . Traditionally, globes were manufactured by gluing a printed paper map onto a sphere, often made from wood. The most common type has long, thin gores (strips) of paper that narrow to a point at the poles, small disks cover over the inevitable irregularities at these points. The more gores there are,

260-456: The Earth from different orientations to help counter the north-up bias caused by conventional map presentation. Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic , along which the Sun moves, is indicated. In their most basic form celestial globes represent

286-471: The approximate coordinates of a specific location. Globes may also show the boundaries of countries and their names. Many terrestrial globes have one celestial feature marked on them: a diagram called the analemma , which shows the apparent motion of the Sun in the sky during a year. Globes generally show north at the top, but many globes allow the axis to be swiveled so that southern portions can be viewed conveniently. This capability also permits exploring

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312-427: The area that the map shows. A globe is the only representation of the Earth that does not distort either the shape or the size of large features – land masses, bodies of water, etc. The Earth's circumference is quite close to 40 million metres. Many globes are made with a circumference of one metre, so they are models of the Earth at a scale of 1:40 million. In imperial units, many globes are made with

338-426: The factory that produced the globe, along with its archives, was destroyed in air raids in 1943. Wolfram Pobanz, Polish historian and globe enthusiast, believes that even though it was located in his office, Hitler was probably not particularly fond of the globe, declaring: Hitler probably didn't think anything about the globe. There's no picture of Hitler beside the globe. He controlled all photographs of himself. If

364-431: The globe had actually meant anything special to Hitler, there would surely be a photograph. In 1938, Hitler decided that the old Reich Chancellery was not big enough to house the ministries of Nazi Germany . He assigned his favourite architect Albert Speer to build the new Chancellery. After the massive renovations were completed in early 1939 per Hitler's insistence, the globe was moved to Hitler's new office located at

390-677: The globe is portrayed as a beach ball that bursts in front of the face of dictator Adenoid Hynkel. In the Three Stooges' I'll Never Heil Again , a sequel to You Nazty Spy! released in July 1941, the "Axel" partners of Moronikan dictator " Moe Hailstone " play a game of keep away with the globe. Hailstone's military commander, " Field Marshal Herring ," eventually smashes the globe over Hailstone's head. Globe A globe shows details of its subject. A terrestrial globe shows landmasses and water bodies . It might show nations and major cities and

416-666: The globes show Germany with a bullet hole or simply wiped out, an act committed out of contempt by either Soviet or U.S. soldiers. Based on photographic evidence, none of these globes are the one from Hitler's office in the Chancellery. In May 1945, one globe allegedly owned by Hitler was found by U.S. soldier John Barsamian among the ruins of the Berghof , Hitler's home on the Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden , where he often lived when not in Berlin. The house had been nearly completely looted by

442-778: The heart of the new Chancellery, where it remained until the Soviets occupied the building in April 1945. Numerous globes purported to have been owned by Hitler exist throughout the world, although the authenticity of many of them is doubtful. There are a total of three in Berlin: one at a geographical institute, another at the Marcher Museum , and the third at the German Historical Museum . Another two reside in public collections in Munich . Many of

468-553: The invention of the magnetic compass. However, no record of terrestrial globes in China exists until a globe was introduced by the Persian astronomer, Jamal ad-Din , in 1276. Another early globe, the Hunt–Lenox Globe , ca. 1510, is thought to be the source of the phrase Hic Sunt Dracones , or " Here be dragons ". A similar grapefruit -sized globe made from two halves of an ostrich egg

494-502: The less stretching and crumpling is required to make the paper map fit the sphere. This method of globe making was illustrated in 1802 in an engraving in The English Encyclopedia by George Kearsley. Modern globes are often made from thermoplastic . Flat, plastic disks are printed with a distorted map of one of the Earth's hemispheres . This is placed in a machine which molds the disk into a hemispherical shape. The hemisphere

520-596: The mid-1930s: one for the Nazi Party and another one specifically for Hitler. The one made for Hitler was nearly the size of a Volkswagen Beetle and manufactured at a great expense. Unlike the other one, Hitler's globe reflected the annexation of Abyssinia (today's Ethiopia ) to Italian East Africa as a result of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War . The other was made of standard wood with no special features. The actual number of globes produced cannot be verified as

546-479: The network of latitude and longitude lines . Some have raised relief to show mountains and other large landforms. A celestial globe shows notable stars, and may also show positions of other prominent astronomical objects. Typically, it will also divide the celestial sphere into constellations . The word globe comes from the Latin word globus , meaning " sphere ". Globes have a long history. The first known mention of

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572-517: The stars as if the viewer were looking down upon the sky as a globe that surrounds the earth. The sphericity of the Earth was established by Greek astronomy in the 3rd century BC, and the earliest terrestrial globe appeared from that period. The earliest known example is the one constructed by Crates of Mallus in Cilicia (now Çukurova in modern-day Turkey), in the mid-2nd century BC. No terrestrial globes from Antiquity have survived. An example of

598-541: The time Barsamian arrived. He took the globe home and kept it for 60 years before selling it at an auction in San Francisco in 2007. Bob Pritikin , an entrepreneur from San Francisco, bought the globe for $ 100,000, five times the original estimated price of $ 20,000. In September 2007, historian Wolfram Pobanz declared that the copy of the giant globe with a bullet hole in the German Historical Museum in Berlin

624-402: The two limited editions was looted by John Barsamian, a private in the U.S. Army, at Hitler's summer retreat shortly after the war and sold 60 years later at an auction in San Francisco for $ 100,000. The globe in Hitler's office included Abyssinia as part of Italian East Africa and was known for its size as well as manufacturing cost. Two limited editions of the globe were made in Berlin in

650-616: Was found in 2012 and is believed to date from 1504. It may be the oldest globe to show the New World . Stefaan Missine, who analyzed the globe for the Washington Map Society journal Portolan , said it was "part of an important European collection for decades." After a year of research in which he consulted many experts, Missine concluded the Hunt–Lenox Globe was a copper cast of the egg globe. A facsimile globe showing America

676-664: Was made by Martin Waldseemüller in 1507. Another "remarkably modern-looking" terrestrial globe of the Earth was constructed by Taqi al-Din at the Constantinople observatory of Taqi ad-Din during the 1570s. The world's first seamless celestial globe was built by Mughal scientists under the patronage of Jahangir . Globus IMP , electro-mechanical devices including five-inch globes have been used in Soviet and Russian spacecraft from 1961 to 2002 as navigation instruments. In 2001,

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