Misplaced Pages

#723276

60-412: CA was originally named The Columbia Park and Recreation Association, Inc. The association was responsible for developing public amenities, transportation systems, snow removal, and landscaping promised in its application for New Town Zoning. The funding for the association would be provided by a combination assessment and use-fees. The seven-member CA board was originally staffed with representatives of

120-547: A design competition in 1900, supervised by Peabody, the Board of Trustees selected designs in the then-popular Beaux-arts architectural style by partner architects William Boring (1859–1937) and Edward Lippincott Tilton (1861–1933), co-designers of the U.S. immigration station at Ellis Island in New York Harbor . Over the next five years, stone buildings were erected, using granite from local quarries. The tree-lined streets of

180-400: A fire damaged the old campus' Memorial Hall, destroying its clock tower. Only the granite structure remains. In 2018, a local newspaper wrote of the old campus that Van Buren, Madison, and Monroe Halls remain, while the headmaster's house "is badly vandalized but standing", and Jackson Hall "like Memorial Hall, is a burned-out hulk." In 2019, 11 people—all 15 to 18 years old—were spotted by

240-655: A formerly contaminated Whiskey Warehouse in Baltimore. In 1978, Rouse received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . In 1981, Rouse received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1995, Rouse was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton . James Rouse's first wife

300-500: A local boarding house. Because he was unable to cover the gap between his scholarship and his remaining expenses, he left Charlottesville and moved to Baltimore to try to make it on his own. He found a job parking cars at the St. Paul Garage for one year. He later remarked that he got the job even though he could not drive, and had convinced his foreman to teach him rather than fire him. In May 1935, Rouse wrote Millard Tydings , who found him

360-628: A middle school and a high school, a teen center, a supermarket, a library, a hospital, an auditorium, offices, restaurants, some specialty shops, and a few larger recreational facilities. It also would have a multi-denominational house of worship known as an "interfaith center" based on the Gordon Cosby's Ecumenical Church of the Savior called the Kittamaqundi Community. The hope was that one building would be used by several religions. In addition to

420-618: A position with the Federal Housing Administration as a clerk specializing in completing FHA loans to eastern Maryland banks. Although he had only two years of undergraduate college on his transcript, in the 1930s that was enough to qualify for law school. He borrowed money in March 1936 from Guy Hollyday who was a loan officer with the Title Guarantee and Trust Company seeking FHA loan guarantees and attended classes three nights

480-740: A prestigious reputation for a number of years. Its students included R. J. Reynolds, Jr., a son of R. J. Reynolds ; and children of the Mellon and Carnegie families. After thriving for several decades, the Jacob Tome Institute fell into difficult financial straits during the Great Depression of the 1930s and closed in 1941. The following year, just after the United States entered World War II , President Franklin Delano Roosevelt approved

540-406: A spirit and feeling of neighborliness and a rich sense of belonging to a community." In a city that practiced strict racial segregation, Rouse intended Cross Keys to be open to all who could afford to live there. The development was a mixture of townhouses, garden apartments, a high-rise apartment house designed by Frank Gehry , stores grouped around a village square, and an office complex. By 1970,

600-705: A week at the University of Maryland School of Law . He was hired at age 22 by his mentor Hollyday. While working at the FHA during the New Deal , Rouse was tasked with enforcing racially discriminatory guidelines. Rouse used antisemitic quotas when building in the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore. In 1951, Rouse enforced a quota of no more than 12% Jewish residents for the Maryland Apartment in north Baltimore until 75% of

660-482: A well-to-do street on the edge of town. He was taught at home by his mother until second grade when he transferred to a public school. In 1930, Rouse lost his father to bladder cancer, his mother to heart failure, and his childhood home to bank foreclosure. His brother Bill paid for him to attend the private preparatory Tome School in Port Deposit, Maryland , for a year. Facing money problems and unable to continue at

SECTION 10

#1732858065724

720-758: Is a private school in North East in Cecil County in the U.S. state of Maryland . Founded in 1894 by Jacob Tome , it is one of the oldest schools in Maryland. It enrolls grades K–12. As of September 2024, the Head of School is Jim Orndorff. The school was founded as the Tome School for Boys in nearby Port Deposit . That campus, now owned by the Bainbridge Development Corporation, is no longer in operation and

780-413: Is a real need for residential development," he said, "in which there is a strong sense of community; a need to feed into the city some of the atmosphere and pace of the small town and village; a need to create a community which can meet as many as possible of the needs of the people who live there; which can bring these people into natural contact with one another; which can produce out of these relationships

840-500: Is closed to the public. Since the 2010s, several of its buildings have been damaged or destroyed by vandals, and the company has installed security cameras and taken other measures to keep trespassers off the property. In the early 1890s, Jacob Tome (1810–1898)—a wealthy railroad and timber magnate who had served in the Maryland State Senate—decided to open a nonsectarian college preparatory school for boys. He founded

900-462: Is managed by CA's Board of Directors with a mission to chronicle documents relating to Columbia and James Rouse. The organization is public relations resource for Columbia, selecting and displaying historic artifacts that place the development in a positive light. Columbia Association hosts an array of community events. The Columbia Festival of the Arts presents four weekend-long arts festivals throughout

960-696: Is now at Harundale Plaza. In the 1960s Rouse turned his focus to planned communities . After engaging in a planning exercise for the Pocantico Hills estate of the Rockefellers, Rouse constructed his first planned residential development: the Village of Cross Keys in Baltimore. On June 16, 1961, Rouse bought 68 acres (280,000 m ) inside the city from the Baltimore Country Club for $ 25,000 an acre. Rouse excitedly proclaimed that this undertaking "will be

1020-663: The Faneuil Hall Marketplace was the first and most successful example. Completed in 1976, and partly funded with assistance from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development , the Faneuil Hall Marketplace (comprising Quincy Market and other spaces adjacent to Boston's Faneuil Hall ) was designed by architect Benjamin C. Thompson and was a financial success, an act of historic preservation, and an anchor for urban revitalization. Later

1080-672: The Korean War , the Vietnam War , and the Cold War , graduating more than 500,000 recruits before it closed on March 31, 1976. From 1979 to 1991, the campus was occupied by the Susquehanna Job Corps Center . In 2000, the site was transferred to the State of Maryland , which subsequently turned it over to the Bainbridge Development Corporation, a quasi-government corporation. Meanwhile,

1140-615: The Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award, for his lifetime achievements. James "Jim" Rouse was born in Easton, Maryland , to Lydia Agnes (née Robinson) and Willard Goldsmith Rouse, a canned-foods broker. His father, a lawyer trained at Johns Hopkins University , once ran for state's attorney for Harford County . When he lost, the Rouse family moved from Bel Air, Maryland , to Easton. Rouse grew up in Easton (then population: 5,000) on

1200-728: The Riverwalk Marketplace of New Orleans . The early festival marketplaces like Faneuil Hall and Harborplace led TIME magazine to dub Rouse "the man who made cities fun again." After 40 years at the Rouse Company, Rouse retired from day-to-day management in 1979. Soon afterwards, he and his wife founded the Enterprise Community Partners , a not-for-profit foundation funded in part by a for-profit subsidiary , The Enterprise Development Company, and focused on seeding partnerships with community groups that would address

1260-463: The entertainment area in Copenhagen . Early on, Rouse said that he hoped Tivoli would be a place "where, under the benign influence of having fun and relaxing in familiar ways, people would have opportunities, especially attractive and conveniently presented, for discovering new ways to enjoy their free time—new foods, new visual and tactile aesthetic experiences, even new social relations." Rouse wanted

SECTION 20

#1732858065724

1320-476: The 1880s and had several other schools and colleges on its schedule. The rivalry was fairly even. The City's Collegians beat Tome 5–0 in 1903 and 11–8 in 1904, but Tome won 32–0 in 1912 and 37–0 in 1915. Other rivalries also were versus the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute , the mathematics/science/technology public high school, established 1883 that was also City College's arch-rival. These were

1380-653: The Boston Museum of Fine Arts established an annex at the Quincy Market, and the mall generated more foot traffic than the museum. Initially, there were critics who predicted the project would fail, while other dismissed its early success as a fad. Calvin Trillin and Peter Hall each invoked Disneyland in their claims that Faneuil Hall Marketplace was an example of fake urbanism. Robert Campbell, an architecture critic, rejected this kind of criticism as snobbery, and claimed that

1440-690: The Chesapeake Inn dormitory and dining hall, the Director's residence, the Monroe Gymnasium, and six Master's cottages. Erika L. Quesenbery, author of United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge , wrote that Memorial Hall was the school's "centerpiece". In the early 1900s, Tome played football annually against Baltimore City College , the third-oldest public high school in America, founded 1839, and with an interscholastic football team program dating back to

1500-516: The Columbia project took a downturn as Maryland land developers such as Joel Kline , and politicians such as Governor Marvin Mandel , and Vice President Spiro Agnew were indicted on various charges of corruption related to land speculation. Rouse was indicted for donations to Mandel's 1974 campaign which violated campaign contribution limits, but the charges were dropped because they had been brought outside

1560-574: The Marines and Rouse the Navy. Rouse was able to defer duty while his wife was pregnant, shipping out to Hawaii to work on John Henry Towers staff on July 4, 1942. Rouse returned from the war and went back to work with Moss, using his gambling assets. By 1951, the Moss-Rouse Company had become the largest mortgage banking company in the state of Maryland. In 1954, the two partners split, with Moss summarizing

1620-599: The Tome School for Boys on Main Street in Port Deposit, Maryland , on the east bank of the Susquehanna River . It opened for boarders and received its first students in 1894. It was part of a system of schools collectively known as the Jacob Tome Institute that began with kindergarten and extended through high school . Situated in the northeast corner of the state, the Tome School was immediately popular, attracting almost all

1680-564: The Tome School moved back to its original site on Main Street in Port Deposit. In 1971, the Tome School moved to a new, hundred-acre campus in North East, Maryland . In 1984, the school property and buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 1984. Several of the old Tome School for Boys campus buildings have been damaged or destroyed by arsonists and trespassers. On September 21, 2014,

1740-517: The Tome School, the Rouse family sought a way for him to attend college by appealing to his oldest sister, who had married a United States Navy officer stationed in Hawaii. Rouse declared himself his sister's dependent and, with Navy connections now secured, was thereby able to attend the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa at a greatly reduced cost. Rouse later attended the University of Virginia . He declared his major as political science and waited tables at

1800-459: The Village of Cross Keys had become among the most desirable places to live in the Baltimore area. While Cross Keys was still under construction, Rouse decided to build a whole new city. The creation of Columbia, Maryland , between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., was the greatest adventure of Rouse's life. Columbia was the ultimate opportunity: the chance to embody his ideals in a whole new city. For

1860-661: The acquisition by condemnation of the property and land from 70 surrounding farms for use by the United States Navy as a training center. The institute's buildings were renovated for use by the Naval Academy Preparatory School to prepare future midshipmen for the U.S. Naval Academy further south at Annapolis, Maryland . On October 1, 1942, United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge—named for early-19th-century naval hero William Bainbridge —was activated. The training center operated through World War II ,

Columbia Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-560: The acting Port Deposit police chief on the property. They were subsequently arrested and charged with trespassing. On May 6, 2020, a fire burned the former Inn to the ground. The Bainbridge Development Corporation has since installed a security system that is "fully wireless and solar powered" with "cameras at key points on the property, monitoring 24/7." As of September 2022, the company was installing 100 "No Trespassing” signs. The co-educational school enrolls students from kindergarten through twelfth grade . The curriculum provides

1980-552: The apartments were rented. Rouse graduated in 1937 and in 1939 left the FHA and became partner with Hunter Moss at a mortgage banking firm called the Moss-Rouse Company funded by a $ 20,000 loan from Moss's sister, which would eventually become the Rouse Company . The company would specialize in FHA backed loans, and hired Churchill G. Carey from Connecticut General, with his former company providing loan capital to Moss-Rouse. Both Moss and Rouse served during WWII, with Moss joining

2040-560: The campus, which converged at the steps of Memorial Hall, were designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), who had designed New York's Central Park . Olmsted selected landscape architect Charles Wellford Leavitt (1871–1928) to design the school's gardens. By 1902, the school had more than a dozen buildings and an endowment of $ 2 million ($ 70,430,769 today ). Thirteen of these buildings survive, though some have been damaged or all but destroyed by fire: Memorial Hall, three dormitories (Jackson, Madison, and Harrison),

2100-584: The county commissioners to pay for and build the Banneker Fire Station and charge an assessment to residents to pay for the equipment. Howard County remained responsible for all continuing capital and operating expenses thereafter. By 1970, CA had grown to 5,500 members, three five-member village boards with a $ 1.5 million budget and $ 5.75 million in debt. In 1982, the association created the Columbia Archives non-profit organization. The organization

2160-562: The development company with James Rouse as president. The association developed a "one lot-one vote" system, with which gave majority control to the Rouse Company. Control of the association to residents was planned to transfer in phases through 1980. In 1967, 285 residents were able to establish a 5-person council in Wilde Lake, which in turn would provide the first elected board member. CA originally planned on self-sufficiency through its own taxing authority. However, in 1968, CA negotiated with

2220-461: The endowment to create a separate upper-level boarding school for boys. Two hundred acres on the bluff above the town and the broad and picturesque Susquehanna River were purchased for this purpose. MacKenzie in turn consulted with Robert Swain Peabody (1845–1917), of the prominent Boston architectural firm of Peabody & Stearns , concerning the design of the new Jacob Tome Institute. Following

2280-819: The festival marketplace was effective at getting people out of their cars and getting them to experience the city. In his planning for the project, Rouse imagined that people would not just shop, that they would also be entertained. However, he later claimed that he had not anticipated its popularity as a tour bus destination. Other examples of Rouse Company "festival marketplace" developments include South Street Seaport in New York City , The Gallery at Market East , in Philadelphia , Harborplace in Baltimore , St. Louis Union Station in St. Louis , Downtown Portland's Pioneer Place , and

2340-458: The few other public secondary schools, in addition to several other private or religious schools, institutes and academies in the region offering worthy sports and academic competition. In 1906, school director Abram W. Harris , along with Phi Beta Kappa members on the Tome School faculty, organized Alpha Delta Tau fraternity, which later became the Cum Laude Society . The school enjoyed

2400-401: The final competition features the top ten contestants performing a song of their choice. In the past, performances have included music genres such as rock, showtunes, R&B, and rap. In an effort to emulate its nationwide American Idol counterpart, starting in 2016 the finalists were provided with one-on-one training with a professional singer in the days leading up to the show. In addition to

2460-409: The land could always be sold, and probably for a higher price than what it cost. The land for the new city would be owned by a subsidiary called Howard Research and Development Corporation. CG would own half of that corporation and Rouse's corporation the other half. Rouse would be responsible for the management of the acquired land and for preparing a master plan for development. CG also put up some of

Columbia Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-433: The largest, and potentially most important development in the history of Baltimore." Rouse hoped that he could bring to the residential field "some of the fresh thinking, good taste and high standards which we believe have marked our shopping center developments." Familiar with bad housing in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. , Rouse now had an opportunity to demonstrate what housing within a city's borders could be like. "There

2580-666: The money for Columbia's infrastructure. The rest was supplied by Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and the Chase Manhattan Bank . By the end of the summer of 1963 close to 14,000 acres (57 km ) of Howard County farmland had been acquired, and the time was at hand to begin planning what to do with it. Rouse wanted to hear from a wide assortment of experts and scholars. He brought together an assemblage which became known as "The Work Group." It consisted of top people in health, family life, education, recreation, government, transportation, and employment. Ultimately emerging

2640-475: The need for affordable housing and associated social services for poor neighborhoods. In 1984, Jim Rouse was soliciting business representing both Rouse Company as CEO and Enterprise Development as president. The Rouse Company board of directors asked Jim Rouse to leave as CEO of the Rouse Company and his position in Enterprise Development which ended his involvement with the company he founded. Rouse

2700-405: The one-year limit. Harundale Mall has since been replaced by Harundale Plaza. In 1999, the mall reopened and redeveloped as Harundale Plaza, a strip shopping center. Stores include A.J. Wright, a Super Fresh supermarket, Outback Steakhouse, Hollywood Video, Burlington Coat Factory, and a U.S. Post Office, along with several other typical strip-mall stores. The signature "rock" from Harundale Mall

2760-685: The split this way: "[Rouse] was a person who liked to do things in a big way. I liked the smaller company. So we split up." As he was growing his business, Rouse pursued various civic activities. He co-founded the Citizens Planning and Housing Association (CPHA) and became involved in Baltimore, Maryland 's efforts to rehabilitate its decayed housing stock through The Baltimore Plan . The national publicity of this program led to his participation in Dwight D. Eisenhower 's National Housing Task Force starting in 1953. He introduced (or at least helped popularize)

2820-446: The students from the town of Port Deposit and many from outside, throughout Maryland , Pennsylvania , and neighboring states. Tome left the school an endowment at his death in 1898. Under the direction of his widow, Evalyn N. Tome, the Board of Trustees hired Scottish immigrant James Cameron Mackenzie (1852–1931) to direct the school. MacKenzie, one of the most important late 19th-century secondary school educators, proposed using

2880-615: The suburbs (the "mall" in "strip mall" came into usage later, after the enclosed mall had been popularized by Rouse's company). Although many now attribute the rise of the shopping mall to the decline of the American downtown core, Rouse's focus at the time was on the introduction of malls as a form of town center for the suburbs . His company became an active developer and manager of shopping center and mall properties, even as he shifted focus to new projects which eventually included planned communities and festival marketplaces. In late 1973,

2940-528: The term " urban renewal " to describe the series of recommendations made by that task force. In 1958, Rouse built Harundale Mall in Glen Burnie, Maryland , the first enclosed shopping center east of the Mississippi River and the first built by a real estate developer. His company used the term "mall" to describe the development, which was an alternative to the more typical strip malls usually built in

3000-492: The town center in Columbia to provide the most comprehensive range of recreational activities and services that had ever been contemplated in a new town. The recession of the 1970s hit Columbia hard, and CG had to refinance the project, reducing The Rouse Company's stake. CG later pulled out of the project completely in 1985, but by that time it had returned to profitability. Rouse shifted focus from suburban retail to urban malls, which he called " festival marketplaces ," of which

3060-599: The undertaking that would become Columbia, Rouse turned to his partner in previous projects, the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company ("CG"). At a meeting at company headquarters in Hartford, Rouse made his pitch to CG's top real estate and mortgage people and the company's chairman of the board, Frazar B. Wilde. The questioning was mostly negative, until Wilde joined in. He expressed the view that CG couldn't lose. If Rouse's project did not succeed,

SECTION 50

#1732858065724

3120-461: The village, a unit of 10,000 to 15,000 people. This number was thought to be the most likely to foster a local feeling of identification: for merchants to get to know their customers, ministers their memberships, and teachers their pupils and parents. Within the city, there would be 12 villages. Each village would have a central gathering place where people of different income levels and types of housing would cross paths and mix. Each village would have

3180-550: The villages there would be a core area that would function as the new city's "downtown." Here would be the main cluster of retail stores (arranged as a mall ), a hotel and conference center, a hospital, movie theaters and a concert hall, a community college, and branches of the Maryland Institute College of Art and the Peabody Conservatory of Music . The main entertainment area was to be known as Tivoli, after

3240-515: The vocal competition, contestants are required to participate in volunteer activities for the community with the intention of providing a foundation of empowerment for all participants. The theme of 2016 was Shatter the Stigma® , a James' Place Initiative to bring a voice to the disease of addiction. The top three contestants receive a cash prize, and a People's Choice Award is selected by the audience. Notable former award winners include Grace Davina who

3300-407: The year, with both free and ticketed events. Festivals feature performances, exhibitions, concerts, classes and workshops, and many more activities for artists, individuals and families. Founded in 1987, the festival has grown into one of the region’s premier arts events. Columbia Teen Idol is sponsored by Lord & Taylor and CA’s advisory committees. Following an audition process and semi-finals,

3360-771: Was Elizabeth Jamieson "Libby" (née Winstead) whom he married on May 3, 1941. His daughter Robin is the mother of actor Edward Norton . His son Jim applied for conscientious objector status during the Vietnam War with his father's support. In May 1970, Rouse posted full page anti-war ads in The Washington Post and later The New York Times that upset the new Nixon administration. Rouse separated from Libby in 1973, and married Myrtle Patricia "Patty" Traugott, from Norfolk, Virginia , in November 1974. He died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on April 9, 1996. Patty Rouse died on March 5, 2012. Rouse's nephew, Willard Rouse III ,

3420-542: Was also a real estate developer. His grandson Edward Norton , upon graduating from Yale University in 1991, moved to Japan to work for the Rouses' foundation. Later, Norton directed the film Motherless Brooklyn , released in 2019, "as an homage to the things [James Rouse] cared about". In particular, the movie denounces the controversial urbanist Robert Moses , accused of lust for power, questionable ethics, vindictiveness, and racism. Tome School The Tome School

3480-661: Was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1981. In 1988, Rouse was awarded the second Honor Award from the National Building Museum . The Rouse Theatre in Wilde Lake High School is named after James. In May 2006, an approximately four-mile stretch of Maryland Route 175 between Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 29 in Columbia, Maryland, was named after Rouse and his wife, Patty. The Jim Rouse Visionary Center opened in 2006 in

3540-497: Was presented her prize by Miss Maryland Teen USA 2014, Mariela Pepin . Semi-finals take place at Slayton House Theatre. The final competition occurs in Downtown Columbia at Lake Kittamaquindi James Rouse James Wilson Rouse (April 26, 1914 – April 9, 1996) was an American businessman and founder of The Rouse Company . Rouse was a pioneering American real estate developer , urban planner , civic activist, and later, free enterprise -based philanthropist . He received

3600-416: Was the idea that the new city should be a real multi-faceted city, not a bedroom suburb. It should be possible for its residents to find everything they needed right there—jobs, education, recreation, health care, and any other necessity. Rouse was not reluctant to bring up his home town of Easton as a model for Columbia. Consensus formed around the idea that the basic subdivision within the new city should be

#723276