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Mines and Works Act

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Glen Grey Act (1894) Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894) Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (1906) South Africa Act (1909) Mines and Works Act (1911) Natives Land Act (1913) Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923) Immorality Act (1927) Native Administration Act (1927) Women's Enfranchisement Act (1930) Franchise Laws Amendment Act (1931) Representation of Natives Act (1936) Native Trust and Land Act (1936) Native (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act (1945)

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37-1673: Immorality Amendment Act † (1950) Population Registration Act (1950) Group Areas Act (1950) Suppression of Communism Act (1950) Native Building Workers Act (1951) Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951) Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951) Bantu Authorities Act (1951) Native Laws Amendment Act † (1952) Pass Laws Act (1952) Public Safety Act (1953) Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953) Bantu Education Act (1953) Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953) Natives Resettlement Act (1954) Group Areas Development Act (1955) Riotous Assemblies Act (1956) Industrial Conciliation Act (1956) Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956) Immorality Act (1957) Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959) Extension of University Education Act (1959) Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959) Unlawful Organizations Act (1960) Indemnity Act (1961) Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961) Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961) Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961) General Law Amendment Act (1963) Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act (1968) Prohibition of Political Interference Act (1968) Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970) Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971) Aliens Control Act (1973) Indemnity Act (1977) National Key Points Act (1980) List of National Key Points Internal Security Act (1982) Black Local Authorities Act (1982) Interim Constitution (1993) Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act (1995) The Mines and Work Act

74-443: A computer, 97.6% have a refrigerator , and 74.6% have a mobile phone . The unemployment rate of the 'White' population aged 15–65 is 4.1%. The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is ZAR 65,000. 'White' males have a median annual income of ZAR 81,701 versus ZAR 52,392 for females. Descendants of migrants from British India in the late 19th and early 20th century have an estimated population of 1.2 million or 2.5% of

111-541: A subgroup of 'Coloured' by the apartheid government, were eligible for redress. As a result of this ruling, about 12,000–15,000 ethnically Chinese citizens who arrived before 1994, numbering 3%–5% of the total Chinese population in the country are now included in the HDI group and benefit from government BEE policies. However, other Asian cultural groups such as Hong Kongers , Taiwanese and Japanese South Africans were categorised as honorary whites during apartheid. Within

148-441: A white person and a black person, but in 1950 it was amended to apply to sex between a white person and any non-white person. The act forbade any "illicit carnal intercourse" (which meant sex outside of marriage) between a "European" (i.e. white) male and a "native" (i.e. black) female, or vice versa. It imposed a penalty of up to five years in prison for the man and four years for the woman. It also prohibited " procuring " women for

185-524: Is 39.3%, for heating, 37.2% and for lighting, 62.0%. Radios are owned by 68.7% of Black households while 44.2% have a television, 1.8% own a computer, 40.0% have a refrigerator and 24.6% have a mobile phone. 'The unemployment rate of the 'Black' population aged 15–65 is 28.1%. The median annual income of Black working adults aged 15–65 is ZAR 12,073. Males have a median annual income of ZAR 14,162 versus ZAR 8,903 for females. The 'Coloured' population include people of mixed heritage who are concentrated in

222-471: Is 57.2%, and 11.7% do not have nearby access or any access. The percentage of households that have a flush or chemical toilet is 41.9%. Refuse is removed from 45.3% of 'Black' households by the municipality at least once a week and 11.0% have no rubbish disposal. Some 17.9% have running water inside their dwelling, 51.7% have running water on their property and 80.2% have access to running water. The percentage of 'Black' households using electricity for cooking

259-581: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Black South Africans Ethnic groups in South Africa have a variety of origins. The racial categories introduced by the colonial apartheid regime remain ingrained in South African society with the governing party of South Africa, the African National Congress (ANC) continuing to classify the population as belonging to one of

296-610: Is dispersed across South Africa with 34.0% under the age of 15, 21.6% from 15 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 11.8% from 45 to 64 and 4.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age of a 'Black' South African is 21 years. For every 100 females there are 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 86.2 males. With regard to education, 22.3% of 'Black' people aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 18.5% have had some primary, 6.9% have completed only primary school, 30.4% have had some high education, 16.8% have finished only high school and 5.2% have an education higher than

333-633: Is spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 15, 15.1% from 15 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age of a 'White' person is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.1 males. With regards to education, 1.4% of 'Whites' aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 1.2% have had no more than some primary school education, 0.8% have only completed primary school, 25.9% have had no more than some high school education, 41.3% have finished only high school, and 29.8% have an education higher than

370-597: Is their physical fitness and their suitability for rough work'. Yet when the commission reported in 1910, it submitted draft regulations that were heavy with colour bars. Some appeared in the interpretation of terms, as when the words 'white person' were inserted in the definition of banksman, onsetter, ganger and mine manager. Some took the form of an injunction to employ only whites in specified occupations, such as blasting, running elevators, driving engines, supervising boilers and other machinery; or as shift boss and mine overseer. Furthermore, only whites would be allowed to obtain

407-687: The 2022 census , one of the top three most spoken languages is Afrikaans (10.6%). The first census in South Africa in 1911 showed that 'Whites ' made up 22% of the population; who declined to 16% in 1980. The settler population decreased further in the 1990s and 2000s due to a low birth rate and emigration. As a factor in their decision to emigrate, many cite the high crime rate, affirmative action policies and racial discrimination . From 1994 to 2010, approximately 400,000 'Whites' permanently emigrated. Despite high emigration levels among South Africans of European descent, new immigrants from Europe or

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444-422: The languages of South Africa . According to the 2022 census , the twelve official languages according to usage are: isiZulu 24.4%, isiXhosa 16.3%, Afrikaans 10.6%, English 8.7%, Sepedi 10.0%, Setswana 8.3%, Sesotho 7.8%, Xitsonga 4.7%, siSwati 2.8%, Tshivenda 2.5%, isiNdebele 1.7% and South African Sign Language . These cultural groups are also found across southern Africa. The BaSotho are

481-475: The 1980s and early 1990s the apartheid regime encouraged immigration particularly from Poland , Hungary , Turkey , Azerbaijan , and Armenia . By 2005, an estimated 212,000 British citizens had sought out new lives in South Africa, growing up to 500,000 by 2011. Between 2000 and 2010 South Africans of European descent returned in large numbers. By May 2014, it was estimated that around 340,000 former South Africans had returned home after immigrating elsewhere in

518-714: The COLOUR BAR or the COLOUR BAR ACT. The term colour bar, however, usually refers to a group of labor practices, informal trade union practices, government regulations, and legislation, all of which were developed over time to prevent blacks from competing for certain categories of jobs monopolized by whites. This act included various regulations which gave "white workers a monopoly of skilled operations". However, The Act did not specify that Black South Africans should be discriminated against in any way. Indeed, it made no mention of race or colour. Nor did it specifically and clearly give

555-476: The Cape region, who can have as many as 140 or more ethnicities identified in their DNA. It is important to understand that today, not all people of multiracial heritage in South Africa identify as 'Coloured'. Some individuals of mixed heritage prefer to identify as 'Black, 'White', Indian or indigenous South Africans for example, as they are now free to choose. However, during the apartheid era this categorisation

592-484: The Coloured community, more recent immigrants will also be found i.e. Coloureds from the former Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe); Namibia and immigrants of mixed descent from India (such as Anglo-Indians ) who were welcomed to the Cape when India and Burma received their Independence. The Khoikhoi and San people of South Africa are a minority indigenous population . The Khoikhoi were pastoralists and extensively integrated into

629-560: The Mine Worker's Union. He was to do this through the formation of advisory committees." This act was further revised in 1956 to deal with the declaration of work in the national interest. Immorality Act, 1927 The Immorality Act, 1927 (Act No. 5 of 1927) was an act of the Parliament of South Africa that prohibited extramarital sex between white people and people of other races. In its original form it only prohibited sex between

666-400: The South African population; many of whom descended from indentured workers brought in the nineteenth century to work on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area of Natal and adhered to different religions and spoke different languages. A smaller group, referred to as Passenger Indians came independently for work purposes and business interests at around the same time. There is

703-823: The basis of race under the former colonial apartheid regime. The National Census of 1996 was the 1st comprehensive national census by the ANC government, after the democratic transition. Statistics South Africa (SSA) provides the limited categories based on the classifications of the previous regime by which people must use to classify themselves, including a fifth category of "unspecified/other". The majority population of South Africa are those who identify themselves as 'Black' Africans or 'Black' people of South Africa, who are culturally and linguistically heterogeneous . They include Zulu , Xhosa , BaPedi (North Sotho), BaTswana , BaSotho (South Sotho), Tsonga , Swazi , Venda and South Ndebele people, all of whom are represented in

740-402: The black population. Furthermore, the key section of this act "stated that the minister, before announcing regulations for issuing certificates of competency (including the key blasting certificate, for nearly a century of license of the white miner), should seek the advice of the owners and of the organizations whose members hold a majority of the certificates, that is, the white unions, including

777-413: The calculations of 2004, there were 34,216,164 people and 8,625,050 households in this category. Their population density is 29/km and the density of 'Black' households is 7/km . They made up 79.0% of the total population of South Africa in 2011 and 81% in 2016. The percentage of all 'Black' households that are made up of individuals is 19.9%. The average household size is 4.11 members. This population

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814-559: The certificates of competence required, for instance, by engine drivers and boiler attendants. With some modifications, these draft regulations served as model for the MINES & WORKS REGULATIONS ACT of 1912. In contrast to the 1912 REGULATIONS, this Act bracketed Coloured with whites in a position of privilege. For there was no question of segregating the coloured who spoke the Afrikaner's language, shared his outlook and stood closer to one than to

851-831: The colonial economy, many converting early to Christianity. The San people were hunter-gatherers. These groups were not identified as Black South African, African or Black African by the colonists. In the 2011 census for example, the overwhelming majority of the San community in Platfontein originating from the northern parts of Namibia and southern Angola opted to be classified as 'Other' whereas descendants of Namaqualand Khoikhoi classify themselves as Coloured . This group consists predominantly of Dutch, German, French Huguenot , English, Portuguese and other European descendants. Culturally and linguistically, they are divided into Afrikaans -speaking and English -speaking groups. According to

888-502: The diaspora have desired to settle in the country. In the 1970s, many European descendants living in Portuguese colonies such as Angola and Mozambique moved to South Africa after the independence of those nations. Many Zimbabweans and Kenyans of British descent also immigrated to South Africa - many of whom lament the loss of their colonial lifestyles are called " Whenwees " because they’re always talking about "When we were in..." In

925-673: The government Mining Engineer powers to introduce a legal colour bar. But under section 4(n) it gave the Governor-General powers to grant, cancel and suspend certificates of competency to mine managers, mine overseers, mine surveyors, mechanical engineers, engine-drivers and miners entitled to blast. It also gave them the power to decide which other occupations should be required to possess certificates of competency Some or other commission had criticized mine managements for employing large numbers of unskilled whites 'often entirely ignorant of mining, and whose principal and often only recommendation

962-500: The high school level. Overall, 22.0% of 'Black' people have completed high school and 59% aged 25 to 64, have an upper secondary education as their highest level of education. This places South Africa above the G20 average of 32% and the OECD average of 38%. The percentage of housing units having a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling is 31.1%. The percentage having access to a nearby phone

999-416: The high-school level. Overall, 70.7% of Whites have completed high school. The percentage of housing units having a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling is 95.4%. The percentage having access to a nearby phone is 4.4%, and 0.2% do not have nearby access or any access. The percentage of White households that have a flush or chemical toilet is 98.7%. Waste is removed from 90.8% of White households by

1036-564: The majority ethnic group of Lesotho . The Tswana make up the majority of the population of Botswana . The Swazi are the majority in Swaziland . The Tsonga are also found in Southern Mozambique . The term African in South Africa generally refers to individuals who can trace their ancestral lineage exclusively on the continent, excluding Europe , Oceania , the Americas or Asia . As of

1073-414: The municipality at least once a week, and 0.5% have no rubbish disposal. Some 87.2% of White have running water inside their dwelling, 95.6% have running water on their property, and 99.4% have access to running water. The percentage of households using electricity for cooking is 96.6%, for heating, 93.2%, and for lighting, 99.2%. Radios are owned by 94.7% of households while 92.6% have a television, 46.0% own

1110-409: The preceding decade. As of the census of 2001, there are 4,293,638 'Whites' and 1,409,690 households in South Africa. Their population density is 4/km and the density of their households is 1.16/km . They made up 9.6% of the total population. The percentage of all 'White' households that are made up of individuals is 19.1%. The average household size is 3.05 members. In South Africa, this population

1147-561: The purpose of interracial sex, and knowingly allowing premises to be used for interracial sex; both offences carried a penalty of up to five years' imprisonment. In 1950, the Nationalist government of DF Malan , in one of the first legislative acts of apartheid , introduced the Immorality Amendment Act, 1950 (Act No. 21 of 1950) to extend the prohibition to sex between "Europeans" and all "non-Europeans". This therefore included in

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1184-465: The scope of the act people of mixed descent and people of Asian descent. Between 1950 and the repeal of the law in 1985, at least 19,000 people were fully prosecuted for violating the law, whereas thousands more were arrested without a trial. The 1950 amendment came one year after the passage of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act , which forbade marriages between white and non-white people. The act

1221-556: The three colonial-era constructed racial groups: Whites, Indians, Coloureds and Blacks. The ANC government claims that using these categories is essential in order to identify and track the progress of Historically Disadvantaged Individuals (HDI) which are people who, before democratisation and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act No. 200 of 1993), came into operation, were disadvantaged by unfair discrimination on

1258-450: Was a piece of legislation in South Africa , originally passed in 1911, amended in 1912 and 1926 before undergoing further changes in 1956 and 1959. This act legally established South Africa's employment " colour bar ." and was enacted to establish the duties and responsibilities of workers in Mines and Works in South Africa . This act (with/without/or its amendments) is sometimes referred to as

1295-533: Was considered a subgroup of 'Coloured' under the apartheid regime, was generally held to encompass people of multiracial heritage from the Cape who practiced Islam . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans (approximately 300,000 or more). They were also classified as a subgroup of 'Coloured' under apartheid. In 2008, the Pretoria High Court ruled that the descendants of mainland Chinese who arrived before 1994, and had been classified as

1332-577: Was enforced by law for anyone who was determined to be of multiracial descent by the government. This cultural group doesn't have a particular language or traditions because their identity stems from their shared history and sense of community . Although they are an extremely diverse group, many speak Afrikaans as a first language . The Cape 'Coloureds' originally descended from indigenous, African and Asian (ie: Javanese , Malay , Indian, Malagasy ) slaves or indentured labourers who were raped by European colonial settlers. The Cape Malay identity, which

1369-518: Was repealed by the Immorality Act, 1957 , section 16 of which contained a similar prohibition of sex between whites and non-whites. The prohibition was finally lifted by the Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act, 1985 . This article related to Apartheid legislation in South Africa is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This sexuality -related article

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