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77-412: The museum houses a collection of over 20,000 pieces including works of art and objects representing different national history periods. Permanent exhibitions present archeology and ethnography samples from Colombian artefacts dating 10,000 years BC, up to twentieth century indigenous and afro- Colombian art and culture. Founders and New Kingdom of Granada room houses Liberators and other Spanish iconography;

154-478: A bill with objections is 6 days (no more than 20 articles in the bill), 10 days (21-50 articles) or 20 days (over 50 articles). If the prescribed delay expires without the government having returned the bill with its objections, the President shall approve and promulgate it. If the bill is again adopted by an absolute majority of the members of both houses, the President must sign the bill without objection. However, if

231-543: A contemporary museographic design. The same process was followed in 1980 to accommodate the archaeology and ethnography collections. Unlike other national museums, the National Museum of Colombia is not divided into different institutions that focus on particular collections. For that reason, the museum divides its collection into four main categories: Archeology , art , ethnography , and social history . Around 10,000 pieces that began to be collected as "curiosities" in

308-501: A crime not resulting in replacement. Although each house of Congress serves a particular role and have individual powers distinguishing them from one another, both houses have certain powers in common, according to Article 135 of the Constitution; namely: The Congress meets as a single body ( Congreso pleno ) only on exceptional occasions, determined by article 18 of Law 5 of 1992. These occasions are: In joint sessions of Congress,

385-402: A decision within a 30-day period (Article 163). In addition to this urgent procedure, it is also constitutionally established that priority is given to bills ratifying human rights treaties (Article 164). A number of citizens equivalent to 10% of registered voters may request a referendum for the repeal of a law. The law is repealed if an absolute majority of voters so decide, as long as turnout

462-437: A first debate but not completed the procedure in one legislative year will continue the process in the subsequent legislative year, but no bill can be considered by more than two legislatures. In the case of differences between the versions approved by the two houses, a conciliation commission made up of an equal number of members of both houses is formed to re-conciliate both texts, or, if not possible, decide by majority vote on

539-493: A large part of the national territory. One of the specific objectives was to collect pieces that, in addition to definitively and exceptionally enriching the collections, would reflect the technology and material culture of that time. This fundamental step allowed ethnographic pieces to be considered as "artifacts" and thus separating them from the definitions of relics, antiquities, curiosities or indigenous works of art. The ethnographic studies that were carried out brought to light

616-439: A number of citizens equivalent to at least 5% of registered voters at the time or 30% of municipal councillors or departmental deputies also hold legislative initiative under article 155, and these bills benefit from an accelerated procedure (see below). The above notwithstanding, in certain cases bills may only be initiated by the government (see the second paragraph of article 154). Bills related to taxes may only be introduced in

693-472: A rare panel painting by Flemish painter Marten van Cleve depicting a rural scene. Although the Decorative Arts Area represents a small percentage of the art collections, the objects distributed among furniture, household items, and decorative objects are representative of the development of the national industry with high-quality manufacturing. The collection includes among its most notable pieces

770-401: A report for a second debate in the plenary of either house. The report is published for debate in the respective house, and the speaker explains to the full house the bill and the report. Similar to what happens during the first debate in commission, the floor is open to debate and testimony, followed by discussion of the bill in its entirety or by article. If the bill is approved by the house, it

847-689: A representative of indigenous communities in the Senate must have held a traditional authority role in their community or have been the leader of an indigenous organization. The House has 166 elected members for four-year terms. The House of Representatives is elected in territorial constituencies, special constituencies and an international constituency. Each department (and the capital district of Bogotá D.C. ) form territorial electoral constituencies ( circunscripciones territoriales ). Each constituency has at least two members, and one more for every 365,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 182,500 over and above

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924-408: A result of the 2015 constitutional reform, the number of seats allocated to Colombian citizens resident abroad will be reduced to one, from 2018 onward, as an additional special seat will be created for the territorial constituency of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina to represent the archipelago's Raizal community. The current threshold in order to obtain seats is 50% of

1001-479: A temporary or permanent absences, as decreed by law, by the next non-elected candidate on the list from which he/she was elected, ranked in order of registration or votes received. Permanent absences include death, physical incapacity, nullification of the election, justified and accepted resignation, disciplinary sanctions and the loss of one's mandate. Temporary absences include maternity leave and temporary deprivation of liberty from crimes other than those signalled in

1078-452: A text. The text chosen by the commission is sent to the floor of both houses for debate and approval. If differences persist, the bill is considered defeated (Article 161). Once a bill has been approved in two debates in each house, the bill is sent to the government (President) for its approval. The Colombian President formally lacks veto power, but may object to a bill and return it to the houses for second debates. The delay for returning

1155-404: Is over 25%. No referendums may be held on international treaties duly ratified, the budget or laws pertaining to fiscal and tax matters (Article 170). Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History The Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History ( Spanish : Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia ), ICANH , is a scientific and technical government agency ascribed to

1232-535: Is registered and catalogued in the ISIS program, which allows for faster searches and consultations and contributes to ongoing research. In addition, the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (ICANH) is carrying out a project to incorporate the systematized information into a National Archaeology Network that will allow open consultation for students, researchers, and people interested in these collections. In

1309-407: Is sent to the other house, where it follows the same process through the equivalent commission and later to the floor of the house. Between the first and second debates, a period of no less than eight days must have elapsed, and between the approval of the bill in either house and the initiation of the debate in the other, at least 15 days must have elapsed (Article 159). A bill which has received

1386-400: Is temporarily absent after an arrest warrant has been issued for any of these crimes is not replaced. These rules not only apply to Congress, but to all other directly elected bodies - departmental assemblies, municipal councils and local administrative boards. These provisions were strengthened by the 2015 constitutional reform, which added fraudulent wrongdoings against public administration as

1463-501: Is the name given to Colombia 's bicameral national legislature . The Congress of Colombia consists of the 108-seat Senate , and the 188-seat Chamber of Representatives , Members of both houses are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The composition, organization and powers of Congress and the legislative procedure are established by the fourth title of the Colombian Constitution . According to article 114 of

1540-463: The Colombian Constitution , 100 senators ( senadores ) are elected from a single national constituency . The remaining two are elected in a special national constituency for Indigenous communities. The current threshold in order to obtain seats is 3% of valid votes nationally. To be a senator, a person must be a natural-born Colombian citizen over the age of 30 at the time of the election. Representatives of indigenous communities seeking election as

1617-713: The Ministry of Culture in charge of researching, producing and disseminating knowledge in the fields of anthropology , archeology and colonial history to protect the archaeological and ethnographic patrimony of Colombia . The National Archaeological Service was founded in 1938 in Colombia. In 1941, the National Ethnological Institute was founded by Paul Rivet . President Eduardo Santos Montejo invited Rivet to come from France to establish an academic teaching institute, which would formalize anthropological studies in

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1694-450: The Panóptico was Colombia's largest and most important prison until it was replaced by La Picota prison in 1946. After the last prisoners were transferred to the new facilities, the Panóptico underwent two years of restoration and adapted for museum functions, but the inauguration, scheduled for April 9, 1948, had to be postponed due to the riots that occurred in the city following

1771-601: The Royal Standard of Castile , with which Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru in 1531, and captured during the Independence Campaign in 1824 along with four other flags sent by General Antonio José de Sucre to the Government of Colombia. The collection also includes a civic gold garland that the people of Cusco offered to Bolívar in 1825. The area has around 600 pieces, including a large collection of weapons sent by

1848-399: The 18th century, as "antiquities" in the 19th century and as a result of systematic research from the first decades of the 20th century, constitute the archaeological collection preserved by the Colombian Institute of Anthropology (ICAN) in the National Museum of Colombia. When the National Museum was founded in 1823, "large bones of unknown animals" and "a mummy found near Tunja" were part of

1925-536: The 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Within the Historical Documents area, there are three types of documents that can be found: photographs, printed material, and manuscripts. To date, 1,347 pieces have been classified as such, including photographs, business cards, books, brochures, maps, atlases, sheet music, official documents, and letters. There are two important groups: one formed by the donation of former President Eduardo Santos Montejo in 1959, made up of

2002-530: The 1940s, interest in the study and support of indigenous communities was consolidated, thanks to the foundation of the Indigenista and Etnológico Nacional Institutes - the latter annex to the Escuela Normal Superior. Under the guidance of Paul Rivet , Gregorio Hernández de Alba, and Justus Wolfran Schottelius, among many other outstanding professors, numerous pioneers carried out expeditions that covered

2079-704: The Botanical Expedition, the Scientific Mission of 1823 and the Chorographic Commission. [REDACTED] Media related to Museo Nacional de Colombia at Wikimedia Commons Congress of Colombia Independents (47) Opposition (23) Vacant (3) Independents (81) Opposition (37) Not elected [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Congress of the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : Congreso de la República de Colombia )

2156-501: The Constitution, the Congress amends the constitution, makes the law and exercises political control over the government and the public administration. In addition, the Constitution and the law grant other powers to Congress, including certain judicial powers and electing senior judges and other senior public officials. Both houses of Congress meet at the neoclassical Capitolio Nacional ("National Capitol") building in central Bogotá ,

2233-541: The Constitution. Anyone who has been sentenced to deprivation of liberty (detention) at any time except for political crimes and culpable negligence; hold dual citizenship and are not native-born citizens; held a public employment position with political, civil, administrative or military authority or jurisdiction within the year prior the election; participated in business transactions with public entities or concluded contracts with them, or were legal representatives of entities which handled taxes or quasi-fiscal levies within

2310-560: The Faculty of Mathematics and Engineering, currently the National Geological Museum of Ingeominas José Royo Gómez. For this reason, the current National Museum preserves a small sample of instruments and objects related to scientific research, which serve as a reference to this important aspect of Colombian history. Some of these objects became part of the collection from the beginning of the National Museum and were tools used during

2387-467: The House of Representatives and those involving international relations may only be introduced in the Senate. All bills introduced must comply with certain requirements; among others, a title and number, articles and a statement of motives explaining the importance of the bill and the reasons for it. Upon the bill's introduction, the presidents of both houses decide to which permanent constitutional commission

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2464-614: The Ministry of War in 1958 and others donated by the Beatriz Osorio Foundation from 1950 onwards, uniforms, furniture, decorations, and objects of individuals who were part of national history, many of them donated by their relatives, ranging from the 16th to the 20th century. The National Museum was initially conceived as a museum of natural sciences. The collection included mineralogical samples, zoological collections, herbariums and objects of historical value. Between 1842 and 1945,

2541-699: The Museum's holdings were divided and formed the basis of the different collections and museums of the National University: the botanical samples that formed the herbarium went to the Faculty of Medicine and Natural Sciences; the zoology collection went to the Natural History Museum of the Institute of Natural Sciences and the geology, mineralogy and paleontology collections went to the Geological Museum of

2618-449: The National Museum of Colombia created the Cabinet of Drawing and Graphic Arts and the Cabinet of Miniatures, two rooms equipped for the exhibition of this type of works, in which selected works are temporarily exhibited to make them known to the public. The painting area is made up of easel painting, mural painting, and other formats that bring together almost 900 works. Although the Museum

2695-481: The President objected to the bill for unconstitutionality, the bill will be sent, if the houses insist, to the Constitutional Court. The Court then has six days to rule on the bill's constitutionality; a favourable ruling forces the President to sign the bill, an unfavourable decision defeats the bill. The President may solicit the urgent or accelerated passage of a bill, by which the respective house must take

2772-572: The President of the Senate acts as President of the Congress and convenes, chairs and directs the session. The Congress meets twice a year in two ordinary sessions: the first from 20 July to 16 December, and the second from 16 March to 20 June. These two sessions form a single legislative year, legally known as a legislature ( legislatura ), of which there are four during the course of a single congressional term. The executive branch can call for extraordinary sessions at any time, but never after 20 June in an election year, and Congress may only discuss

2849-589: The Regeneration. An important chapter in the country's monetary history was the Thousand Days' War , as it produced a number of numismatic samples of great interest. The collection also includes bonds, vouchers, and other public debt documents circulated together with banknotes and coins while the country's economy was recovering, until the founding of the Bank of the Republic in the 1920s, from which time on, this institution

2926-956: The art collection, passed into the hands of the National University, and until 1948, the year in which they were returned to the National Museum, they formed the collection of the Museum of the School of Fine Arts of Bogotá. During this time, important paintings of international art were acquired. At present, it is characterized by its representation of Colombian artists of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The collection includes significant groups of works by painters such as José María Espinosa, Epifanio Garay, Ricardo Acevedo Bernal , Andrés de Santa María , Ricardo Borrero Álvarez, Miguel Díaz Vargas, Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo , among others. In recent years, this panorama has been enriched by donations of paintings by Guillermo Wiedemann, Fernando Botero , and Enrique Grau . The museum houses Escena campesina (1575),

3003-438: The assassination of the liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. On 2 May 1948, the building was opened to the public with "three national museums": on the first floor the "Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum", on the second the "Historical Museum" and, on the third, the "Museum of Fine Arts". Between 1976 and 1977, the building was partially restored and the permanent exhibition rooms were restructured with educational criteria and

3080-418: The bill will be sent. Once sent to a commission in each house, the chair of said commission will assign one or more member as speaker ( ponente ), who will study the bill and present a report ( ponencia ) on the bill's benefits (or lack thereof), potential improvements to be made or recommending that the bill be rejected. Upon publication of this report, the commission as a whole meets for debate and discussion on

3157-850: The collection. Later, during the second half of the 19th century, important studies began to be produced on the "antiquities of the Indians" and in this way objects from the Muisca , Quimbaya and San Agustín cultures were collected. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first purely archaeological investigations took place, including the excavations carried out by Konrad Theodor Preuss in San Agustín (1913-1914), John Alden Mason in Pueblito and other Tairona areas (1922-1923), and Carlos Cuervo and Gerardo Arrubla in Sogamoso (1924). Important pieces that were exhibited to

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3234-536: The colonial period, there are outstanding examples of macuquina and cordoncillo coins minted in Potosí, Lima, Bogotá, and Popayán. The collection is also made up by a group of dies that were used in the Bogotá mint to manufacture coins, royal oaths, medals, and seals for public documents from the 18th to the 20th century. From the 19th century, there are examples of different issues of metallic currency issued from Independence to

3311-429: The community itself - that allow other ways of reviewing in context the objects used by contemporary indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities. The Art Department is in charge of the paintings, sculptures, drawings, engravings, photographs and videos in the museum's collection. The investigation of these objects emphasizes artistic narratives about the geography, nature, regions and people of Colombia. Likewise, it reveals

3388-523: The conclusion of contracts, loans and asset sales by the government; vesting the President with exceptional powers to issue decrees with force of law for a six-month period; establishing national revenues and expenditures; ratifying international treaties signed by the government and granting amnesties or commutations for political crime (with a two-thirds majority). The Constitution differentiates between several different types of laws. Organic laws ( leyes orgánicas ) regulate legislative activity, including

3465-455: The construction of which began in 1847 and was not concluded until 1926. Each house has its own election procedure and individual powers distinguishing them from the other, which are further discussed in the article for each individual house. Each house has its own eligibility requirements established by the Constitution, but there are common rules of ineligibility and incompatibility ( régimen de inhabilidades e incompatibilidades ), determined by

3542-411: The contents of the report. The commission votes on the bill. A bill rejected during this first debate may be reconsidered by the respective house at the request of its author, a member of the house, the government or a spokesperson in case of a popular initiative. If the commission approves the bill, the commission's chair will again assign speakers, charged with reviewing the bill further and presenting

3619-465: The country. The institute was to be founded on scientific principals to investigate and analyze the diverse ethnic groups of Colombia. In 1952, the two organizations were merged, to form the Colombian Institute of Anthropology under the Ministry of Education. One year previously, the Colombian Institute of Hispanic Culture had been formed to preserve the Spanish culture of Colombia. In 1999, this organization

3696-516: The country. Today, the archaeological collections bring together representative pieces from the different periods of settlement of the Colombian territory, ranging from hunter-gatherer groups - approximately 12,000 years ago - to the complex societies that existed upon the arrival of the Spanish. For classification and research, these collections have been divided into ceramic, stone, bone, goldsmith, and textile pieces. The entire archaeological collection

3773-433: The development of conceptual communication accounts for the richness of this collection. The drawing area includes works by artists and scientists: painters, sculptors, miniaturists, geographers, caricaturists and architects, through techniques such as charcoal, pencil, ink, pastel, watercolor and miniature; The latter is an important section of the collection, made up of 92 pieces. Aware of the specificity of this collection,

3850-488: The domestication of plants and the emergence of ceramics. For the reasons stated above, these collections, in addition to being witnesses to the history of pre-Hispanic societies, are testimony to the formation of anthropology as a discipline in Colombia. The Archaeology and Heritage Division of the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (ICANH) enriches the collections through the research it carries out in

3927-413: The electoral quotient (total votes divided by total seats) in constituencies with over two seats and 30% of the electoral quotient in constituencies with two seats. Seats are then distributed using the distributing number, or cifra repartidora method explained in article 263 of the Constitution. To be a representative, a person must be a Colombian citizen (by birth or naturalization) over the age of 25 at

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4004-577: The emergence of agriculture and ceramics could be duly recorded. In the 1960s, studies focused on excavations of the first settlers in Colombian territory, under the direction of Gonzalo Correal and Thomas van der Hammen , among others. Numerous objects resulting from these investigations, such as stone tools and bone remains dating from 10,500 to 9,000 BC, were added to the collection. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on research into environmental conditions with important results regarding soils, pollen and bone remains, contributing to further clarifying

4081-493: The ethnographic collection. During the last decades, multiple studies continue to be developed and the schools of anthropological thought are recognized in monographs that cover the great diversity of existing groups. However, the collection of material culture has ceased to be a fundamental objective and the acquisition of new pieces is increasingly less due, among other causes, to new techniques for recording information - such as audiovisual media and research carried out by and for

4158-453: The first objects produced by the La Bogotana pottery factory, donated by Francisco de Paula Santander in 1834, and the hand-operated organ for domestic use made by Juan P. Silgado, a craftsman from Sahagún, Bolívar, in 1899. This collection also shows the trade of luxury objects with countries such as France, England, and Spain, which contextualize the daily life and customs of Colombians in

4235-427: The government, 20% of municipal councillors and departmental deputies or a number of citizens equivalent to at least 5% of registered voters. The procedure for their approval is longer, as they must be approved in two consecutive ordinary sessions. Legislative acts are not the only method to amend the Constitution, nor does Congress hold exclusive powers of constitutional amendment. Bills may originate in either house at

4312-430: The great diversity of indigenous communities, their forms of sociocultural organization, oral tradition , and religious life; the objects collected were eloquent testimony to this. In this way, nearly four thousand pieces of diverse nature were gathered and recorded, such as basketry , clothing, everyday and ritual attire, hunting weapons, featherwork , musical instruments, necklaces, ceramics, and tools that today make up

4389-428: The history of Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela in the first half of the 19th century. The recent donation by Enrique Mutis Dávila of 15 documents belonging to José Celestino Mutis and some of his descendants, dating from 1793 to 1906, stands out within the area. The numismatic collection of the National Museum preserves coins, banknotes, and public debt documents representative of the country's economic history . From

4466-462: The idea of considering objects as revealing documents of the culture of their creators and with this he promoted a new concept in the field of archaeological museums. Towards 1950, stratigraphic excavations, field reports and dating using the Carbon 14 method provided more reliable data on the different cultural areas of the country. It was within this context that such important processes as sedentarization,

4543-462: The initial 365,000. For the current legislative term (2014-2018), 161 of the 166 House members are elected in territorial constituencies. There are also three special constituencies, electing the remaining five members: one for Indigenous communities currently with one representative, one for Afro-Colombian communities ( negritudes ) currently with two representatives and one for Colombian citizens resident abroad currently with one representative. As

4620-454: The issues submitted for its consideration by the government during these sessions. Each house elects permanent commissions, whose number, composition and responsibilities are determined by law. These commissions, whose existence stems from the Constitution, are known as permanent constitutional commissions and there are currently 14 in Congress - seven in each house. The current permanent commissions are: Legal commissions are those created by

4697-495: The law, responsible for specific matters outside the competence of the constitutional commission. Three legal commissions exist in both houses - human rights, ethics and congressional rules and document accreditation; two legal commissions exist only in the House of Representatives - public accounts and the investigation and accusation commission. In addition, there are special commissions and incidental commissions. The Senate has 102 elected members for four-year terms. According to

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4774-559: The military criminal justice system and electoral equality before major presidential candidates. Their approval, amendment and repeal require an absolute majority of the members of both houses and must be completed within a single legislative year. This procedure also includes prior revision by the Constitutional Court (Article 152). Legislative acts ( actos legislativos ) amend the Constitution, and they may be presented by ten members of Congress although they may also be introduced by

4851-510: The panorama of the pre-Hispanic past. Therefore, demographic and settlement patterns, production, exchange and consumption strategies have been accurately established. The most recent research in the northern region and in the Colombian Amazon has revealed the great antiquity of regional developments, through vestiges of very early farming villages and hunter-gatherer groups. This has enabled us to record processes of capital importance such as

4928-596: The paragraph below. In the wake of the parapolitics scandal , a political reform in 2009 created the so-called silla vacía (empty seat) mechanism, according to which anyone who has been sentenced for membership, promotion or funding of illegal armed groups; drug trafficking; intentional wrongdoing against the public administration or mechanisms of democratic participation or crimes against humanity cannot be replaced. Likewise, any congressmen who resigns after having been formally indicted in Colombia for any of these crimes or who

5005-818: The proposal of their respective members. However, legislative initiative is not limited to members of Congress. Bills may be proposed by the government through the appropriate minister(s); the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Council of Judicial Government, the Council of State, the National Electoral Council, the Inspector General , the Comptroller General and the Ombudsman may also propose bills on matters related to their duties. Finally,

5082-530: The public were the product of these excavations. With the creation of the National Archaeological Service - founded in 1938 by Gregorio Hernández de Alba - and the National Ethnological Institute - founded in 1941 by Paul Rivet - archaeology in Colombia was definitively established and within the department various expeditions were promoted to describe the archaeological areas of the country. In this context, Gregorio Hernández de Alba highlighted

5159-463: The request made by a citizen or the executive committee of the appropriate house. Members of Congress enjoy immunity for their opinions and the votes that they cast in the exercise of their office. For crimes committed during their term, only the Supreme Court of Justice may order the arrest and try them. Members of Congress do not have alternates ( suplente ) and are only replaced in the event of

5236-452: The round room exhibits a series of oleos from Colombia painting history. Established by an act of Congress on 28 July 1823, the National Museum of Colombia is the oldest museum in the country and one of the oldest in the Americas . Before relocating to its current , the National Museum has been housed across various Designed by Danish architect Thomas Reed in 1850, but constructed in 1872,

5313-576: The rules of Congress and both houses, the budgetary process and the approval of the national development plan. Their approval requires an absolute majority of the members of both houses (Article 151 of the Constitution). Statutory laws ( leyes estatutarias ) regulate fundamental rights and duties and the procedures for their protection; the administration of justice; political parties and movements; electoral regulations; mechanisms for citizen participation (plebiscite, referendum etc.); states of exception ;

5390-426: The rules of ineligibility, incompatibility, conflict of interest lead to the loss of one's mandate ( investidura ) as congressmen; as does an absence (during the same session) to six plenary sessions, failing to take their seat within eight days following the first meeting of the house, improper use of public funds or duly proven influence peddling. The Council of State rules on the loss of mandate within twenty days of

5467-427: The series of 19th-century travelers' books, photographs, manuscripts, and printed material that illustrate different aspects of the country's history during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The second group corresponds to the acquisition of nearly 100 letters to Juan Antonio Pardo Ospina around 1955, in which there are eight autographed letters from Simón Bolívar, 37 addressed to him, and many others from protagonists of

5544-485: The six months prior to the election; lost their mandate ( investidura ) as members of Congress or holds ties of marriage or kinship with civil servants holding civil or political authority may not be elected to Congress. In addition, relatives through marriage or kinship who are registered candidates for the same party for an office elected on the same day may not be members of Congress. The constitution also bans election to or membership in more than one office or body, even if

5621-408: The symbolic power of the image in the processes of religious and political domination. The collections reveal the transitions from a classical academic language towards new aesthetic expressions of national art. The interest in beauty, the encounter with plastic expression through bright color and loose brushstrokes, the search for identity in indigenism, the international projection of local artists and

5698-408: The terms only overlap partially. Members of Congress may not hold another public or private office (except university professorship); manage matters or conclude contracts, in their name or that of someone else, with public entities or persons administering taxes or serve as a member of any board or executive committee of decentralized public entities or institutions administering taxes. Violations of

5775-460: The time of the election. Congress's main power is to enact, interpret, amend and repeal laws (Article 150). Under this responsibility, some of its specific legal powers include approving the national development plan and related appropriations, defining the division of the territory, determining the structure of national administration (including creating, merging or abolishing ministries, departments and other national public institutions), authorizing

5852-401: Was created as a complement to the School of Mining, painting had a notable presence from the very beginning. In the first systematic catalogue of the collection, published in 1881, a total of 77 works were recorded. At the beginning of the 20th century, the receipt of legacies allowed the presence of paintings to be consolidated in the collections. The painting, together with the other pieces of

5929-446: Was in charge of issuing the national currency. The Testimonial Objects Area includes pieces that are testimony to historical events and relevant figures in the development of the nation's cultural processes. The first piece was admitted with a decree from Congress, dated February 12, 1825, which deposited in the Museum a silver medal, commemorating the battles of Junín and Ayacucho . Other early pieces that made up this collection are

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