800 dead and 1000 prisoners until 1813
23-713: There have been several civil wars in Colombian history: New Granada Civil War (1812–1814) War of the Supremes (1839–1841) Colombian Civil War of 1851 Colombian Civil War of 1854 Colombian Civil War (1860–1862) Colombian Civil War of 1876 Colombian Civil War (1884–1885) Colombian Civil War of 1895 Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) La Violencia (1948–1958) Colombian conflict (1964–present) See also [ edit ] List of wars involving Colombia [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with
46-531: A Centralist policy, and were convinced that the economic and political power of Cundinamarca would allow it to dominate and unify New Granada. The second was the United Provinces of New Granada , led by Camilo Torres Tenorio , which had been created as a looser Federation of Provinces. The animosity between Nariño's centralist factions and the federalist factions in the Congress, led by Torres, soon spread to
69-668: A consequence of federalism, Cundinamarca under Nariño became embroiled in Civil War against other provinces, particularly Tunja, where the Federalist Congress had settled. On November 26, 1812, Nariño left with his army to conquer Tunja. On December 2, 1812, his army faced a federalist army commanded by Antonio Ricaurte and Atanasio Girardot in the Battle of Ventaquemada , and was soundly defeated, having to retreat back to Bogotá. The federalist troops, however, only started pursuing more than
92-473: A ruthless critic of Lozano, whom he accused of indecisiveness. The aggressive criticisms by Nariño and his followers led to a riot in the city on September 19, 1811, following which president Lozano and his vice president were forced to resign. Fearful of popular rioting, the legislature elected Nariño as president and conceded to his demands that increased the influence of the executive power. The conflict between centralist and federalist ideas that characterized
115-616: A victory for the Federalists . After the Supreme Central Junta in Spain had been dissolved in 1810, two political entities were formed in present-day Colombia which declared themselves independent from Spain. The first was the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca , centered around the former capital Santa Fé de Bogotá and led by Jorge Tadeo Lozano and Antonio Nariño . They followed
138-463: A week later. Following the defeat, and the subsequent declaration of independence from the Province of Socorro , Nariño resigned as soon as he arrived to the city, but not finding a suitable replacement, he was reinstalled as dictator. Nariño prepared to defend the city, which was sieged on December 24. Nevertheless, on January 9, 1813, in the Battle of San Victorino , Nariño's troops proved superior and
161-826: The Army of the South, numbering 1,500 to 2,000 men, managed to capture Popayán in January 1814, but were utterly defeated in Pasto in May 1814, and Nariño was arrested and then sent to the Royal prison at Cádiz via Quito. The federalists took advantage of this to attack Bogotá, which allowed General Simón Bolívar of the United Provinces to force terms in December 1814. By mid-1815, however, Pablo Morillo arrived with
184-555: The Battle of Ejidos de Pasto ( es ), and he is taken prisoner in May 1814 by the Spanish governor of Quito Melchor Aymerich , and locked up in Spain. The failure of the campaign and the capture of Nariño left Cundinamarca significantly weakened. The United Provinces took the opportunity to send an army against it, headed by Simón Bolívar , who had been expelled from Venezuela in August 1814 after
207-409: The Battle of Ventaquemada ( es ), and was soundly defeated, having to retreat back to Santafé de Bogota. The Federalist troops, however, only started pursuing more than a week later, giving Nariño's troops enough time to organise a defense. Baraya's troops lay siege to Santafé de Bogota on 24 December. But on 9 January 1813, in the Battle of San Victorino ( es ), Nariño's troops proved superior and
230-610: The Federalist troops were completely defeated. With this victory for Cundinamarca, the War ended momentarily, after the two sides agreed to join forces against the common enemy: the Royalist armies. Nariño took advantage of the truce, to launch his Southern Campaign against the Royalists who controlled the provinces of Pasto and Popayán . After some victories, his army is decisively defeated in
253-591: The center of the Province of Cundinamarca), which had been installed on July 20, 1810, called for constitutional assembly for the province. In March, 1811, the province convened a "Constituent Electoral College of the State of Cundinamarca," which promulgated a constitution the following month declaring the creation of the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca, with Jorge Tadeo Lozano as its first president. The constitution followed
SECTION 10
#1732859462682276-429: The city was devastated. Cundinamarca was integrated in the United Provinces of New Granada and José Miguel Pey de Andrade was named Governor of the province of Cundinamarca on 20 December 1814. Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca ( Spanish : Estado Libre e Independiente de Cundinamarca ) was a rebel state in colonial Colombia . It included parts of
299-560: The fall of the Second Republic of Venezuela . On 10 December, Bolívar and his army of 5,000 men lay siege to Santafé de Bogotá ( es ), which was defended by only 2,000 men under command of Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal and José Ramón de Leyva. Álvarez refused to submit to the United Provinces or to make a deal with Bolívar. Bolívar and his army stormed the city, which fell on 12 December 1814, after two days of bloody house-to-house combat. The government of Cundinamarca recognized
322-566: The federalist armies were completely defeated. In June 1813, he was appointed dictator for life, and the following month, the Republic of Cundinamarca finally declared independence from the Monarchy. In July 1813, and motivated by his victory over the federalists, General Nariño began an intensive military campaign against the remaining Spanish and Royalist forces in the south, intending to reach Pasto and eventually Quito . Nariño's forces, known as
345-481: The following years is called the Foolish Fatherland . While Cundinamarca, including the old capital and administrative machinery, advocated the establishment of a strong centralist government, other parts of the old viceroyalty banded together as the United Provinces of New Granada to support a federal structure. Unable to unify the country in a centralist state, and fearing the loss of power that would come as
368-622: The former New Kingdom of Granada (part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ). The state originated as a result of the Foolish Fatherland ( Patria Boba ) period at the beginning of the Spanish American wars of independence . Its capital was Bogotá , the former capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Following the occupation of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars , Cundinamarca was one of
391-559: The model of the Constitution of the United States , and established Cundinamarca as a Catholic and constitutional monarchy, under the absent Ferdinand VII (it would only declare full independence from Spain in August 1813). Antonio Nariño , who had been appointed as Mayor of the city of Santafé on August 30, 1811, started pushing for a strong centralist position from the newspaper he created, La Bagatela (or The Triffle). Nariño became
414-444: The rebels with him, signed an act that declared Nariño an usurper and a tyrant, and pledged loyalty to the Congress. Nariño used the opportunity to request extraordinary powers from the legislature of Cundinamarca, which allowed him to be appointed as a dictator. On 26 November 1812, Nariño left with his army to conquer Tunja. On 2 December 1812, his army faced a Federalist army commanded by Antonio Ricaurte and Atanasio Girardot in
437-607: The respective regions. The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca and the United Provinces of New Granada (the Congress now located in the province of Tunja ) engaged in constant conflict, and soon became embroiled in Civil War. Nariño ordered General Antonio Baraya to attack the Federalist leaders in Tunja, but Baraya decided to switch sides and support the Federalist forces. Many important leaders like Francisco de Paula Santander and Francisco José de Caldas joined him. Baraya and
460-420: The same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Civil_War&oldid=1252088939 " Categories : Set index articles Civil wars involving
483-613: The states (such as United Provinces of South America (current Argentina) and the First Republic of Venezuela ) who replaced its viceregal government with a local junta in the name of the deposed Ferdinand VII . Following the creation of juntas all over New Granada, the provinces started establishing their own autonomous governments. Unable to unify them into a single state, the Junta Suprema in Santafé (the former vice-royal capital and
SECTION 20
#1732859462682506-552: The states and peoples of South America Military history of Colombia Hidden categories: Articles containing Spanish-language text Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles New Granada Civil War 600 dead approx. until 1813 The New Granada Civil War was a civil war between 1812 and 1814 in New Granada (present-day Colombia ) between Federalists and Centralists . The war ended with
529-403: The supremacy of the United Provinces of New Granada , handed over all its weapons and material to Bolivar, and in return the lives and property of the city's inhabitants would be respected. Nevertheless, Bolivar's army had suffered heavy casualties (204 killed and 100 wounded), which led the Federalist troops to loot the city in revenge, killing Spanish civilians and raping women. A large part of
#681318