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30-499: It was established after two men, Giovanni Raffo and Fortunato Brescia, donated land for a school in 1929. It replaced an Italian school in Callao , Regina Margherita school, first established on June 3, 1872. Raimondi, the namesake of the current school, was one of the founders of the Margherita school. The current Raimondi building opened in 1996. This Peruvian school-related article

60-714: A virtually untouched ecosystem . There are proposed plans to build a huge naval, terrestrial, and air port on San Lorenzo Island . This project is called the San Lorenzo Megaport Project . Local government affairs are divided into two levels. Regional matters are handled by the Regional Government of Callao ( Gobierno Regional del Callao ), which is located in front of the Jorge Chávez International Airport . Affairs such as city cleaning, promoting of sports and basic services are handled by

90-577: Is Jorge Chávez International Airport located in Callao (11 km. northwest from the center ). % of the metro area's total population, sorted by district areas: The following maps show how the Lima/Callao metropolitan area has grown over the years. The first map shows the population in 1535, which is the year Lima was founded, and the last map shows the population in 2006. The Lima metropolitan area has become an unofficial megacity (a metropolitan area of more than ten million people) as of 2017. It

120-479: Is Peru's main international and domestic airport. It is located in Callao district , 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest from the Historic Centre of Lima . Callao is the port city now fully integrated with Lima , the nation's capital. In 2008, the airport handled 8,288,506 passengers and 98,733 aircraft movements. For many years it was the hub for now defunct Aeroperú and Compañía de Aviación Faucett , one of

150-557: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Italian school-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Callao Callao ( Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈʎao] ) is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area . Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport . Callao municipality consists of

180-671: Is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian provinces of Lima (the nation's capital) and Callao . It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru , the seventh largest in the Americas , the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty largest in the world . The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s. The metropolitan area is composed of five subregions. These are Lima Norte , Lima Sur , Lima Este , Central Lima , and Callao . Its estimated 2020 population

210-574: Is built on and around a peninsula , the district of La Punta , a wealthy residential neighborhood. A historical fortress, the Castillo de Real Felipe (site of " Rodil 's Last Stand"), stands on the promontory overlooking the harbor. A large naval base is sited in Callao. Its prison held Abimael Guzmán , the leader of the Shining Path Communist Party of Peru, and holds Vladimiro Montesinos ,

240-595: Is located in the foothills of the Andes . It is the world's second largest desert city after Cairo , Egypt. The Lima metropolitan area is informally divided into five areas, Northern Lima, Southern Lima, Eastern Lima, Centro Lima and Callao . Today, Lima and Callao have conurbanized to the point that only signs mark the borders. Hundreds of streets and highways link the two cities. Numerous inter-urban bus companies offer transportation to other cities in Peru. Quality varies depending on

270-418: Is one of the most dangerous areas in Peru and experiences the most crime. The main port city in Peru is known as one of the largest exit points of cocaine and is rife with organized crime that results with violence. In December 2015, the government declared Callao in a state of emergency that extended until April 2016, with more than 30 people being killed at the time. In 2016, the murder rate in Callao

300-823: Is over 11 million according to the INEI . The City of the Kings (Lima) was founded by Spanish colonists on January 18, 1535. The port of Callao was founded similarly two years later (1537). The city of Lima began when Francisco Pizarro declared it at what is known in Christianity as the Epiphany . He declared it at the center of the city, the Plaza Mayor . It would become the most important city in South America. The city of Callao has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it

330-615: Is unknown; both Amerindian (particularly Yunga , or Coastal Peruvian) and Spanish sources are credited, but it is certain that it was known by that name since 1550. Other sources point to the similarity with the Portuguese word calhau [pebble], having a similar sound. It soon became the main port for Spanish commerce in the Pacific . At the height of the Viceroyalty , virtually all goods produced in Peru, Bolivia , and Argentina were carried over

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360-464: The Andes by mule to Callao, to be shipped to Panama , carried overland, and then transported on to Spain via Cuba . The port of Callao was also a node in the Manila galleon route connecting Latin-America and Asia through Acapulco, Mexico and Manila, Philippines . As a result, Callao also became a permanent target for pirate and corsair attacks, such as the one carried out by Francis Drake in 1579 and

390-655: The Atocongo Bridge to downtown Lima . The Lima Metro Line 1 is being built by a consortium made up by two engineering and construction companies. It is estimated that construction will be complete by December 2010, with remaining work the electrification of the line. Siemens Engineering has responsibility for that portion. The first part of Line 1 must be completed in June 2011 and starts daily operations in July 2011. Lima's main passenger gateway for national and international air travelers

420-677: The Provincial Municipality of Callao, which is headquartered in the Callao District . Also, each of the six districts has its own Municipality which handles matters in their respective jurisdictional areas. Callao is divided into seven districts , ( Spanish : distritos ; singular: distrito ), each of which is headed by a mayor ( alcalde ). The rest of Callao Region is composed of the islands of San Lorenzo , El Frontón , Cavinzas and Palomino , which all together have an area of 17.63 square kilometres (6.81 sq mi). Callao

450-617: The U.S. Navy command Naval Medical Research Unit Six . Residents of Callao are known as chalacos after the Quechua word Chala meaning coast. Callao's professional football teams are Sport Boys and Atlético Chalaco . Callao has several islands: San Lorenzo (currently a military base), El Frontón (a former high security prison), the Cavinzas Islands , and the Palomino Islands , where numerous sea lions and sea birds live in

480-690: The blockade established by Jacques l'Hermite in 1624. After the Battle of Ayacucho , 9 December 1824, that sealed the independence of Peru and South America, Spain made futile attempts to retain its former colonies, such as at the second siege of Callao . On 20 August 1836, during the Peru–Bolivian Confederation , President Andrés de Santa Cruz mandated the creation of the Callao Littoral Province ( Provincia Litoral del Callao ), which had political autonomy in its internal affairs. During

510-575: The border with the Huaral Province of the Lima region , and ending in the district of Pucusana , on the border with the Cañete Province , also in the Lima region. The Rímac , Chillón and Lurín rivers pass through the area. It is made up of in total 50 districts (43 of Lima Province and 7 of Constitutional Province of Callao ). Most of the area is located in the desert whereas the eastern portion

540-424: The city has grown rapidly by migration from other regions of Peru . Many of these migrants began to form new communities called pueblos jovenes and asentamientos humanos , literally young towns and human settlements . These towns are similar to the favelas of Brazil, but considerably smaller. Many of them, have no running water or electricity and the city has been unable to provide the infrastructure to all

570-459: The city have differing aspects and showcase variations in culture caused by varying times of settlement, differences in socio-economic level and immigration from other parts of Peru. The downtown area , unlike many downtowns in other major cities, is largely a historic district, and is home to many cathedrals and churches built during the Spanish colonial period. In the latter half of the 20th century,

600-623: The ex-director of internal security during the Fujimori regime. Jorge Chávez International Airport is located in Callao. On a bluff overlooking the harbor sits Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado, the military high school. The city also has a university, the National University of Callao . The main Naval Hospital, Centro Medico Naval is located on Avenida Venezuela in Bellavista. It contains

630-490: The government of President Ramón Castilla , Callao was given the name of Constitutional Province ( Provincia Constitucional ), on 22 April 1857; before that, Callao had the name of Littoral Province. All of the other Peruvian provinces had been given their names by law, while Callao was given it by constitutional mandate. Callao was never part of the Lima Department nor of any other departments. The province's first mayor

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660-473: The limit of Independencia and Comas (northern Lima). Plans for additional lines were abandoned in favor of adding complementary lines to the existing route. Lima Metro : In 2010, the government of Alan García renewed the project of Lima Metro , starting with the construction of Line 1. It calls for the construction and implementation of 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) (with a total of 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi)) of viaduct elevated of double ramp from

690-450: The new residents. Many of the communities, such as Comas , and Villa El Salvador have evolved into modern districts , where residents have found the better life they were searching for. The conurbation has an area of 2,819.26 km . It is concentrated mainly in the coastal area and runs north–south along the Pacific coast for almost 200 km, beginning in the district of Ancón , on

720-432: The oldest airlines in Latin America. Now it serves as a hub for many aviation companies such as Avianca Perú , Viva Air Perú , and LATAM Perú . The port is served by the 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge Ferrocarril Central Andino . Lima metropolitan area The Lima Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Lima , also known as Lima Metropolitana )

750-516: The present day, Lima is the most important metropolis in Peru and in the Andean region . The area's financial district is San Isidro . It is home to a large concentration of business centers, skyscrapers, and commerce. Miraflores and Barranco are two districts where the city's nightlife is mainly based in. Parts of the metropolis can be lively; music at night is common in some areas. Today different areas of

780-538: The price, from luxury express buses to ill-maintained and crowded micros. El Metropolitano : The newly completed bus system called Metropolitano is an above-ground mass-transit system which traverses the north area , the north-central area , the downtown , other residential districts, the financial district , the south central area , and the Cono Sur . The system starts in Chorrillos (southern Lima) and finishes in

810-639: The whole Callao Region , which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao . Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards , the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era . Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima . El Callao was founded by Spanish colonists in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535). The origin of its name

840-448: Was Col. Manuel Cipriano Dulanto. In 1921, the Bureau of Public Works granted a concession to M.I.T. engineer John Tinker Glidden for paving, administering, and inaugurating a public cart road between Callao and Lima, further coalescing a Lima metropolitan area . By 1949, Callao was known as one of the biggest centers of coca -based products and cocaine traffic in the world. Callao

870-427: Was double the national average; from 10.2 per 100,000 in 2011 to 15.2 in 2015, compared to Lima which saw 4.8 per 100,000 in 2011 and 5.0 per 100,000 in 2015. Despite government and cultural initiatives, crime has continued to increase in Callao, with some public events in the area ending in gunfire. Jorge Chávez International Airport (IATA: LIM, ICAO: SPJC), known as Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez in Spanish,

900-501: Was the only port in all of the Viceroyalty of Peru (all of Spanish South America at the time) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world. For hundreds of years, Lima and Callao were separated by a desert. This did not diminish the importance of the union between the two cities. It was not until the 19th century, that they were connected by a railroad. The metropolitan linkage between these two cities did not start until they both grew enough to, in essence, crash into each other. In

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