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40-454: There are large and tall buildings that go from the Crámer street to Avenida Cabildo and traditional houses up to three stories. This district has become a busy one with many pedestrians and cars on the streets. This neighborhood is mainly residential, with some non-residential areas like the classification yard in the north-east zone, the fairs in the south-west (where until the late 1960s there

80-422: A unit train , which carries, for example, automobiles from the plant to a port , or coal from a mine to the power plant . This shunting is done partly at the starting and final destinations and partly (for long-distance hauling) in classification yards. Flat yards are constructed on flat ground or a gentle slope, not enough to allow a free-fall operation without locomotives. Freight cars are pushed by

120-605: A forum for literary circles like the Enrique Banchs Literary Society and the Chacarita-Colegiales Historical Society. Colegiales is also home to a Rotary Club , on Arribeños & José Hernández Streets and a Lions Club , on 2964 Teodoro García St. Recently, upscale lofts were developed in what years ago were the massive Buenos Aires flour mills (known also as Silos Minetti), on 1916 Dorrego Street. Elegant and trendy, they were built into

160-612: A locomotive and coast to their required location. Gravity yards were invented in the 19th century, saving shunting engines and instead letting the cars roll by gravity was seen as a major benefit, whereas the larger amount of manual work required to stop the rolling cars in the classification tracks was judged to be not that important. Gravity yards were a historical step in the development of classification yards. They were later judged as inferior to hump yards because it became clear that shunting engines were needed anyway (at least in inclement weather like strong winds or icy temperatures when

200-522: A risk of grounding with larger frames. For this and other reasons, one can sometimes find locomotives specifically made or converted to work a hump yard. For example, the British Rail Class 13 was converted from a pair of British Rail Class 08 to provide more power than one could get with a single Class 08. The class 13s were built because of the risk of grounding with larger locos like the British Rail Class 20 . Special locomotives for hump yards in

240-587: Is a general agreement that the term 'Flea Market' is a literal translation of the French marché aux puces , an outdoor bazaar in Paris, France, named after those pesky little parasites of the order Siphonaptera (or "wingless bloodsucker") that infested the upholstery of old furniture brought out for sale. The second story appeared in the book Flea Markets , published in Europe by Chartwell Books, reading in its introduction: In

280-590: Is also based in Colegiales, on Conde street. Colegiales' cafés, many still open, are often not unlike pool halls, frequented by night owls and assorted "ne'er-do-wells." Perhaps the best-known is the Café Argos (Federico Lacroze & Álvarez Thomas Avenues), which still boasts its period decor and billiard tables. The Federico Lacroze Area Development Council, on 3955 Maure Street, publishes its own periodical, El Fomentista . Socially and culturally invested, it provides

320-454: Is also one of the city's "greenest" areas, being also home to Juan José Paso Plaza, Portugal Plaza, San Miguel de Garicoits Plaza, Colegiales Plaza and Mafalda Plaza -known for its whimsical art donated to it by renowned local cartoonist Joaquin Lavado ("Quino"). The Colegiales Athletic and Social Club is probably the neighborhood's favorite social venue. Located on 2860 Teodoro García Street, it

360-521: Is distinguished from street vending in that the market alone, and not any other public attraction, brings in buyers. There are a variety of vendors: some part-time who consider their work at flea markets a hobby due to their possession of an alternative job; full-time vendors who dedicate all their time to their stalls and collection of merchandise and rely solely on the profits made at the market. Vendors require skill in following retro and vintage trends, as well as selecting merchandise which connects with

400-520: Is normally used. In German, there are many words in use but the most common word is "Flohmarkt", meaning literally "flea market". The same applies to Dutch "vlooienmarkt", Swedish "loppmarknad" and Finnish "kirpputori". In the predominantly Cuban/Hispanic areas of South Florida, they are called [el] pulguero ("[the] flea store") from pulga , the Spanish word for fleas. In the Southern part of Andalusia, due to

440-485: Is often seasonal. However, in recent years there has been the development of 'formal' and 'casual' markets which divides a fixed-style market (formal) with long-term leases and a seasonal-style market with short-term leases. Consistently, there tends to be an emphasis on sustainable consumption whereby items such as used goods , collectibles , antiques and vintage clothing can be purchased, in an effort to combat climate change and fast fashion . Flea market vending

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480-595: Is one of Buenos Aires' smallest districts. Its main thoroughfare is Federico Lacroze avenue, where most neighborhood traffic and retail stores are concentrated. Alvarez Thomas avenue is a study in contrasts, lined with single-family rowhouses along one side and almost entirely with apartment blocks along the other. The avenue also separates Colegiales with its neighbor to the south, the barrio of Chacarita . The Pasaje General Paz (a narrow pedestrian promenade) attracts visitors near and far, with its mature trees, streams and ornate, balconied Andalusian-style patio. Colegiales

520-832: Is that of Maschen near Hamburg , Germany; it is only slightly smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of Antwerp , Belgium. Most hump yards are single yards with one classification bowl, but some, mostly very large, hump yards have two of them, one for each direction, and thus are double yards, such as the Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yards. Almost all gravity yards have been retrofitted with humps and are worked as hump yards. Examples include Chemnitz Hilbersdorf (today Saxon Railway Museum ), Dresden Friedrichstadt and Nürnberg ( Nuremberg ) Rbf (Rbf: Rangierbahnhof , "classification yard"), in Germany. Hump yards sometimes require unique locomotives; for example, there can be

560-446: Is the equivalent of a bazaar , a permanent, indoor shopping center open during normal retail hours, with fixed booths or storefronts for the vendors. Different English-speaking countries use various names for flea markets. In Australian English , they are also called 'trash and treasure markets', while the term 'swap meet' is used for a market held primarily to sell car- and motorcycle parts and automobilia . In Philippine English ,

600-536: The Canadian National Railway ), marshalling yard ( British , Hong Kong , Indian , and Australian English , as well as the Canadian Pacific Railway ) or shunting yard (Central Europe) is a railway yard found at some freight train stations , used to separate railway cars onto one of several tracks. First, the cars are taken to a track, sometimes called a lead or a drill . From there,

640-689: The Fly Market in 18th-century New York City, located at Maiden Lane near the East River in Manhattan , began the association. The land on which the market took place was originally a salt marsh with a brook , and by the early 1800s the Fly Market was the city's principal market. A second hypothesis maintains that flea market is a common English calque from the French marché aux puces , which literally translates to "market with fleas", labelled as such because

680-560: The Spanish Crown . Beginning with the government of Bernardino Rivadavia in 1826, workers and immigrants from Europe settled in the area that later became the two neighborhoods of Chacarita and Colegiales. In this district the Club Atlético Colegiales developed, a football club that plays in the regionalized third tier of Argentine football . Today, however, it is in the city of Munro, north of Buenos Aires. Colegiales

720-564: The Miracle of Salta (1157 Moldes St.) still draw a sizable flock. These houses of worship share the Colegiales faithful with several smaller Catholic churches and others, notably the Evangelical Church of Colegiales, at 3429 Federico Lacroze Avenue. 34°34′27″S 58°26′57″W  /  34.57417°S 58.44917°W  / -34.57417; -58.44917 Classification yard A classification yard ( American English , as well as

760-538: The US were for example the EMD TR family ( EMD TR , EMD TR1 , EMD TR2 , EMD TR3 , EMD TR4 , EMD TR5 and EMD TR6 ). These are often referred to as master and slave in GB and cow–calf in the US. Flea market A flea market (or swap meet ) is a type of street market that provides space for vendors to sell previously owned (second-hand) goods . This type of market

800-788: The United States, France , Belgium , Russia and China , while hydraulic systems are used in Germany , Italy and the Netherlands . Classification bowls in Europe typically consist of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or balloons of tracks, usually with eight classification tracks following a retarder in each one, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 tracks, frequently divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon loop. Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska , United States,

840-453: The area of the yard where the cars are sorted, called the classification bowl. The first hump in Germany (Leipzig) was built in 1858 and in France (Saint-Etienne) in 1863. The speed of the cars rolling down from the hump into the classification bowl must be regulated according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light freight, varying number of axles, whether there are few or many cars on

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880-440: The cars are sent through a series of switches called a ladder onto the classification tracks. Larger yards tend to put the lead on an artificially built hill called a hump to use the force of gravity to propel the cars through the ladder. Freight trains that consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations; thus, the cars must be shunted several times along their route in contrast to

920-433: The classification tracks, and varying weather conditions, including temperature, wind speed, and direction. In regards to speed regulation, there are two types of hump yards—with or without mechanization by retarders . In the old non-retarder yards, braking was usually done in Europe by railroaders who laid skates onto the tracks. The skate or wheel chock was manually (or, in rare cases, mechanically) placed on one or both of

960-484: The culture and identity of their customers. In the United States, the National Association of Flea Markets was established in 1998, which provides various resources for sellers, suppliers and buyers and also provides a means for suppliers and sellers to communicate and form affiliations. While the concept has existed for millennia, the origins of the term flea market are disputed. According to one hypothesis,

1000-465: The influence of Gibraltar English, they are known as "piojito", which means "little louse". In Chile they can be called persas or mercados persa ("persian market") and ferias libres , if mostly selling fruit and vegetables. In Argentina they are most likely called "feria artesanal" (artisan's or street fair) or "feria americana" (American fair), the latter name is due to have taken the idea from their United States counterpart. In Moroccan Darija ,

1040-403: The items sold were previously owned and worn, likely containing fleas. The first reference to this term appeared in two conflicting stories about a location in Paris in the 1860s which was known as the " marché aux puces" . The traditional and most-publicized story is in the article "What Is a Flea Market?" by Albert LaFarge in the 1998 winter edition of Today's Flea Market magazine: There

1080-542: The kingdom of Saxony ) and Great Britain (so Edgehill, 1873), a few also in some other European countries, for example Łazy yard near Zawiercie on the Warsaw–Vienna Railway (in Poland ). In the US, there were very few old gravity yards; one of the few gravity yards in operation today is CSX's Readville Yard south of Boston, Massachusetts . Hump yards are the largest and most effective classification yards, with

1120-430: The largest shunting capacity, often several thousand cars a day. They work similarly to gravity yards, but the falling gradient is limited to a small part of the yard, namely the hump. It is the heart of the yard—a lead track on a small hill over which an engine pushes the cars. Single cars, or a block of coupled cars, are uncoupled at or just before the crest of the hump and roll by gravity onto their destination tracks in

1160-545: The more upscale Belgrano , to the east. The Argos Cinema (on 3455 Federico Lacroze Ave.) was long the most popular in Colegiales, as it included a cinema, theatre, meeting hall (popular with evangelists) and a dance hall. It was renovated and reopened in May 2012 as the Vorterix Theater, a music venue with a 1500 capacity theater which also houses the radio station Vorterix Rock . Another radio station, Radio Metro (95.1 MHz),

1200-406: The north of Paris, just outside the former fort, in front of the gate Porte de Clignancourt . The first stalls were erected in about 1860. The gathering together of all these exiles from the slums of Paris was soon given the name " marché aux puces ", meaning "flea market", later translation. In the United States, an outdoor swap meet is the equivalent of a flea market. However, an indoor swap meet

1240-481: The oil in the bearings became thick) and because manual labor was getting relatively more and more expensive. Thus, only a few gravity yards were ever built, sometimes requiring massive earthwork (one example is the first German gravity yard at Dresden). The historic technique of a gravity yard is today partly presented in Chemnitz -Hilbersdorf gravity yard (museum). Most gravity yards were built in Germany (especially in

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1280-425: The rails so that the treadles or rims of the wheel or wheels caused frictional retardation and resulted in the halting of the railway car. In the United States, riders in cars did this braking. In modern retarder yards, this work is done by mechanized "rail brakes," called retarders, which brake cars by gripping their wheels. They are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically . Pneumatic systems are prevalent in

1320-539: The silos themselves ( see photo above ) and have become popular with local yuppies. Until 1988, the popular Dorrego Farmers' Market operated in Colegiales, on Álvarez Thomas & Dorrego Avenues. Its stalls were run by a veritable "United Nations" of Portuguese, Italian, Spanish and Japanese-Argentines offering all manner of produce and homemade canned goods. It later became Buenos Aires' largest flea market , famous for its supply of everything from African handicrafts to antique china, costumes and housewares. The flea market

1360-518: The time of the Emperor Napoleon III , the imperial architect Haussmann made plans for the broad, straight boulevards with rows of square houses in the center of Paris, along which army divisions could march with much pompous noise. The plans forced many dealers in second-hand goods to flee their old dwellings; the alleys and slums were demolished. These dislodged merchants were, however, allowed to continue selling their wares undisturbed right in

1400-525: The vendors will sell goods from the boot (or 'trunk' in American English ) of their car. If the event is held indoors, such as a school or church hall, then it is usually known as either a jumble sale , or a bring and buy sale . In Quebec and France, they are often called Marché aux puces (literally "flea market"), while in French-speaking areas of Belgium , the name brocante or vide-grenier

1440-519: The word is tianggê from the word tianguis via Mexican Spanish coming from Nahuatl . Despite common misconception, it is not derived from Hokkien . The word supplants the indigenous term talipapâ . In India, it is known as gurjari or shrukawadi bazaar or even as juna bazaar in Pune . In the United Kingdom, they are known as car boot sales if the event takes place in a field or car park, as

1480-668: The world's largest classification yard, is a hump yard. Other large American hump yards include Argentine Yard in Kansas City, Kansas , Robert Young Yard in Elkhart, Indiana , Clearing Yard in Chicago , Illinois , Englewood Yard in Houston , Texas , and Waycross Rice Yard in Waycross, Georgia . Notably, in Europe, Russia, and China, all major classification yards are hump yards. Europe's largest hump yard

1520-511: Was another classification yard), and the UCA Colegiales campus in the south-east. The history of Colegiales is the same as the barrio of Chacarita because it used to be called Chacarita de los Colegiales . This neighborhood had chacras and quintas (smallholdings), where the Jesuits hosted retreats with their students. When this order was expelled in 1767 , the lands were expropriated by

1560-519: Was famous in decades past for Roberto "Polaco" Goyeneche 's frequent Tango recitals there. Colegiales was also home to the city's first cinema, Las Familias. The cinema was probably better-known, however, for the people who had it built than for its distinction as a historical first. Though now a distant memory, the colorful Anselmis entertained generations of locals with their namesake circus on Lacroze and Cabildo Avenues. Nnone of these establishments still exist, as they either shut down or relocated to

1600-653: Was renovated by the City Government and reopened in 2011. Colegiales celebrates its Neighborhood Day on September 21. Colegiales also has a rich religious heritage. The Holiest Corpus Christi Monastery (450 Amenábar St.) has been the centuries-old home to the Order of "Barefoot Carmelites". Likewise, the Church of St. Paul the Apostle (795 Álvarez Thomas Ave.) and the Parish of Our Lord of

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