In the social sciences , coding is an analytical process in which data, in both quantitative form (such as questionnaires results) or qualitative form (such as interview transcripts ) are categorized to facilitate analysis.
15-664: [REDACTED] Look up coding in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Coding may refer to: Computer science [ edit ] Computer programming , the process of creating and maintaining the source code of computer programs Line coding , in data storage Source coding , compression used in data transmission Coding theory Channel coding Other uses [ edit ] Coding (social sciences) , an analytical process in which data are categorized for analysis Coding strand of DNA in molecular biology Legal coding ,
30-502: A qualitative format is preferential, including ethnography , humanistic geography or phenomenological psychology a varied approach to coding can be applied. Iain Hay (2005) outlines a two-step process beginning with basic coding in order to distinguish overall themes, followed by a more in depth, interpretive code in which more specific trends and patterns can be interpreted. Much of qualitative coding can be attributed to either grounded or
45-480: A priori coding. Grounded coding refers to allowing notable themes and patterns emerge from the document themselves, where as a priori coding requires the researcher to apply pre-existing theoretical frameworks to analyze the documents. As coding methods are applied across various texts, the researcher is able to apply axial coding, which is the process of selecting core thematic categories present in several documents to discover common patterns and relations. Coding
60-467: A software package. Some examples of qualitative software packages include Atlas.ti , MAXQDA , NVivo , QDA Miner , and RQDA . After assembling codes it is time to organize them into broader themes and categories. The process generally involves identifying themes from the existing codes, reducing the themes to a manageable number, creating hierarchies within the themes and then linking themes together through theoretical modeling. Creating memos during
75-415: Is available, usually during fieldwork ), post-coded (coding of open questions on completed questionnaires) or office-coded (done after fieldwork). Note that some of the above are not mutually exclusive. In social sciences, spreadsheets such as Excel and more advanced software packages such as R , Matlab , PSPP / SPSS , DAP / SAS , MiniTab and Stata are often used. For disciplines in which
90-530: Is believed to increase the reliability of data. One code should apply to only one category and categories should be comprehensive. There should be clear guidelines for coders (individuals who do the coding) so that code is consistent. For quantitative analysis, data is coded usually into measured and recorded as nominal or ordinal variables . Questionnaire data can be pre-coded (process of assigning codes to expected answers on designed questionnaire), field-coded (process of assigning codes as soon as data
105-545: Is considered a process of discovery and is done in cycles. Prior to constructing categories, a researcher might apply a first and second cycle coding methods. There are a multitude of methods available, and a researcher will want to pick one that is suited for the format and nature of their documents. Not all methods can be applied to every type of document. Some examples of first cycle coding methods include: The process can be done manually, which can be as simple as highlighting different concepts with different colours, or fed into
120-415: Is defined. It consists of codes or tags. During coding, coders manually add codes into data where required features are identified. The coding scheme ensures that the codes are added consistently across the data set and allows for verification of previously tagged data. Some studies will employ multiple coders working independently on the same data. This also minimizes the chance of errors from coding and
135-728: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages coding [REDACTED] Look up coding in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Coding may refer to: Computer science [ edit ] Computer programming , the process of creating and maintaining the source code of computer programs Line coding , in data storage Source coding , compression used in data transmission Coding theory Channel coding Other uses [ edit ] Coding (social sciences) , an analytical process in which data are categorized for analysis Coding strand of DNA in molecular biology Legal coding ,
150-417: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Coding (social sciences) One purpose of coding is to transform the data into a form suitable for computer-aided analysis. This categorization of information is an important step, for example, in preparing data for computer processing with statistical software . Prior to coding, an annotation scheme
165-422: The coding process is integral to both grounded and a priori coding approaches. Qualitative research is inherently reflexive; as the researcher delves deeper into their subject, it is important to chronicle their own thought processes through reflective or methodological memos, as doing so may highlight their own subjective interpretations of data. It is crucial to begin memoing at the onset of research. Regardless of
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#1732850991214180-564: The post-Soviet countries Queer coding See also [ edit ] Code Entropy encoding Transform coding Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Coding . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coding&oldid=1259678469 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
195-564: The post-Soviet countries Queer coding See also [ edit ] Code Entropy encoding Transform coding Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Coding . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coding&oldid=1259678469 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
210-463: The process of creating summary or keyword data from a document in the legal profession Medical coding , representation of medical diagnoses and procedures in standard code numbers Number coding in Metro Manila , a road space rationing policy implemented in Metro Manila, Philippines, commonly referred to as "coding" Coding (therapy) , alternative therapeutic methods used to treat addictions in
225-408: The process of creating summary or keyword data from a document in the legal profession Medical coding , representation of medical diagnoses and procedures in standard code numbers Number coding in Metro Manila , a road space rationing policy implemented in Metro Manila, Philippines, commonly referred to as "coding" Coding (therapy) , alternative therapeutic methods used to treat addictions in
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