43-705: Coal India Limited ( CIL ) is an Indian public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned coal producer in the world. Headquartered in Kolkata , it is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal , Government of India . It accounts for around 82% of the total coal production in India. It produced 554.14 million tonnes of raw coal in 2016–17, an increase from its earlier production of 494.24 million tonnes of coal during FY 2014–15 and earned revenues of ₹ 95,435 crore (US$ 11 billion) from sale of coal in
86-442: A GATE score. In 1951, there were five PSUs under the ownership of the government. By March 2021, the number of such government entities had increased to 365. These government entities represented a total investment of about ₹ 16,410,000,000,000 as of 31 March 2019. Their total paid-up capital as of 31 March 2019 stood at about ₹200.76 lakh crore. CPSEs have earned a revenue of about ₹24,430,000,000,000 + ₹1,000,000,000,000 during
129-456: A Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna. PSUs in India are also categorized based on their special non-financial objectives and are registered under Section 8 of Companies Act , 2013 (erstwhile Section 25 of Companies Act, 1956). Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) can be classified as Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) or State Public Sector Undertakings (SPSUs). CPSUs are administered by
172-540: A joint venture of multiple PSUs. These entities perform commercial functions on behalf of the government. Depending on the level of government ownership, PSUs are officially classified into two categories: Central Public Sector Undertakings ( CPSUs ), owned by the central government or other CPSUs; and State Public Sector Undertakings ( SPSUs ), owned by state governments. CPSU and SPSU is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress, CPSUs are granted
215-1023: A new public-sector company Coal India Limited (CIL) was formed to enable better organizational and operational efficiency in coal sector. All the 4 Divisions of CMAL were given the company status, and were brought under CIL along with BCCL. 45% share-holding of the CMAL in Singareni Collieries Company was also transferred to CIL, and CMAL was closed. Thus, CIL started functioning in 1975 with 5 subsidiary companies under it. These were Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), and Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL). In due course of time, 3 more companies were formed under CIL by carving out certain areas of CCL and WCL. These were Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), South-Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL). Pursuant to
258-603: A newly opened department Coal Mines Authority. 4 months later, on 14 June 1973, this department was converted into a separate Government company CMAL. NCDC, earlier formed in 1957, was merged with CMAL, and 45% share-holding of Central Government in Singareni Collieries Company Ltd was also handed over to CMAL. CMAL started functioning with its 4 divisions, viz, Eastern Coalfields, Central Coalfields, Western Coalfields, and Central Mine Planning and Design Institute. By 1973, all coking coalmines were under BCCL, which
301-664: A rise of almost 46% in its net profit for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 in consolidated terms. India's biggest coal miner had posted a consolidated net profit of ₹4,586.78 crore in the year-ago period. The company registered sales worth ₹30,046.25 crore during the quarter under review compared with ₹24,510.80 crore. Total revenue from operations stood at ₹32,706.77 crore during Q4 FY22, against ₹26,700.14 crore in Q4 FY21. CIL planted 1.57 million saplings during 2014–15. In its annual report CIL informed that it has planted around 82 million trees over an area of around 33700 Ha . Coal India
344-429: A self-sufficient, largely agrarian, communal village-based existence for India in the first half of the 20th century. Other contemporary criticisms of India's public sector targeted the lack of well-funded schools, public libraries, universities, hospitals and medical and engineering colleges; a lack seen as impeding an Indian replication of Britain's own industrialization in the previous century. Post-Independence,
387-522: Is 58253.15 Million tons, out of which 16076.54 Million tons is the proved reserve. The coal deposits of SECL occurs in the great Son-Mahanadi master basin. It spreads over 6 districts namely Korba, Raigarh, Surguja, Surajpur, Balrampur & Korea) in Chhattisgarh (C.G) state and 3 districts viz. Shahdol, Anuppur & Umaria districts in Madhya Pradesh (M.P). The total coal reserve in M.P as of 01.04.2012
430-537: Is causing too many casualties. It is also claimed that many accidents and deaths are not recorded and hence are not part of 'official figures'. Public Sector Undertakings in India Public Sector Undertakings ( PSU ) in India are government-owned entities in which at least 51% of stake is under the ownership of the Government of India or state governments .These type of firms can also be
473-631: Is denoted in %, as of 30 September 2024 ): Currently there are 43 Regional Rural Banks in India, as of 1 April 2020: Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal South Eastern Coalfields South Eastern Coalfields Limited ( SECL )
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#1732847732751516-704: Is given in the table below: Joint Ventures : CIL has two joint ventures - Listing : CIL's equity shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index and the National Stock Exchange of India where it is a constituent of the S&;P CNX Nifty . Shareholding : On 30 January 2015, 79.65% of the equity shares of the company were owned by the Government of India and
559-633: Is implementing 8 Pumped storage projects with the help of NHPC by converting all de-coaled mines. In September 2011, CAG criticised CIL for operating 239 mines in seven coal producing subsidiaries, which existed prior to 1994, without environmental clearance. These mines included 48 open-cast, 170 underground and 21 combined mines. In its report, the CAG also pointed out that of the 18 sample open-cast and eight underground mines, ten mines had undertaken capacity expansion without environmental clearances. The company, in its reply, said that applications for clearances to
602-403: Is planning to venture into Coal-to-Methanol technology at the existing Plant. The Government of India held 100% equity of CIL from 1975 till 2010. In October 2010, the Government of India made an initial public offering (IPO) of 10% of the equity shares of CIL (631.6 million equity shares) to public at an offer price of ₹ 245 (US$ 2.90) per share (at face value of ₹ 10 per share). The IPO
645-422: Is the largest coal producing company of India . It is a "Miniratna" Company , and one of eight fully owned subsidiaries of Coal India Limited . The company has its headquarter at Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India and 92 mines spread over Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh ; 70 underground, 21 opencast, and 1 mixed. It is a schedule 'B' Mini Ratna CPSE in coal & lignite under the administrative control of
688-473: The Acland Mill ), railways , electricity utilities, banks, coal mines, and steel mills being just some of the economic entities largely owned by private individuals like the industrialist Jamsetji Tata . Other entities were listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange . Critics of private ownership of India's agricultural and industrial entities—most notably Mahatma Gandhi's independence movement—instead advocated for
731-484: The Ministry of Coal . The Company came into existence in 1985, when the Government of India , decided to bifurcate a part of coal mines held by Western Coalfields Limited into new company called South Eastern Coalfields Limited, along with Central Coalfields Limited , which was bifurcated into Northern Coalfields Limited, for administrative purpose. As of 01.04.2012, the total geological coal reserve in SECL command area
774-538: The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises . The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Finance is the nodal department for all the Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs). As of October 2021, there are 13 Maharatnas, 14 Navratnas and 72 Miniratnas (divided into Category 1 and Category 2). Currently there are 12 Nationalised Banks in India (Government Shareholding power
817-590: The Planning Commission was formed by a cabinet resolution in March 1950 and the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1951 with the objective of empowering the government to take necessary steps to regulate industry. The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru , promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation and advocated a mixed economy . He believed that
860-539: The nationalisation of corporations . PSUs subsequently expanded into consumer goods production and service areas like contracting, consulting, and transportation. Their goals include increasing exports, reducing imports, fostering infrastructure development, driving economic growth, and generating job opportunities. Each PSU has its own recruitment rules and employment in PSUs is highly sought after in India due to high pay and its job security , with most preferring candidates with
903-495: The 214 coking-coal mines and 12 coke-ovens running in the private sector, excluding those held by TISCO and IISCO for their captive use. On 1 January 1972, a new Government company Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) was formed to take control of these nationalized mines and coke-ovens. On 30 January 1973, all the remaining 711 non-coking coalmines of the country in private sector were also nationalized. 184 of these mines were handed over to BCCL, and remaining 527 were handed over to
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#1732847732751946-672: The 7 production subsidiaries. CMPDIL also provides consulting services to third-party market clients in the field of exploration, mining, allied engineering & testing, management-systems, training, etc. The North Eastern Coalfields (NEC) and Dankuni Coal Complex (DCC) are owned directly by the parent holding company of CIL. However, DCC has been leased to SECL since 1995. CIL also has a wholly owned subsidiary in Mozambique , Coal India Africana Limitada (CIAL) for pursuing coal mining opportunities in that country. The details of number of employees, revenue for FY 2012–13 and production of coal
989-600: The Fuel Policy of 1974, CIL also started the construction of India's First Low Temperature Carbonisation Plant at Dankuni in the late 1970s. It was renamed as Dankuni Coal Complex, and is one of the only operational Coal gas plant of this kind in the world. Dankuni Coal Complex has been incurring heavy loss due to the Greater Calcutta Gas Supply Company (formerly known as Oriental Gas Co.) giving non-remunerative price and fixing them unilaterally. Coal India
1032-758: The central government established the higher Maharatna category, which raises a public sector unit's investment ceiling from ₹1,000 crore to ₹5,000 crores. The Maharatna public sector units can now decide on investments of up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project while the Navaratna companies could invest up to ₹1,000 crore without explicit government approval. Two categories of Miniratnas afford less extensive financial autonomy. Guidelines for awarding Ratna status are as follows: The average annual Net worth of ₹10,000 crores for three years, OR Average annual Turnover of ₹20,000 crore for three years (against Rs 25,000 crore prescribed earlier) A PSU must first be
1075-527: The country to support rapid industrialization taking place through Five-Year Plans of the Government. In the same year, Singareni Colliery Company, which was operating in Andhra Pradesh since 1920, was also brought under the Government control when the Central Government and state Government of Andhra Pradesh acquired 45% and 55% shares respectively. In 1971, the Government of India nationalized all
1118-423: The crisis, the government began divesting its ownership of several PSUs to raise capital and privatize companies facing poor financial performance and low efficiency. The public sector undertakings are headed by the head of board of directors also known as chairperson cum managing director cum chief executive officer and a vice chairperson cum deputy managing director cum co-chief executive officer along with
1161-612: The establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. India's second five year plan (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the development of public sector enterprises to meet Nehru's national industrialisation policy. His vision was carried forward by V. Krishnamurthy , a figure known as the "Father of Public sector undertakings in India". Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
1204-556: The financial year 2018–19. When India achieved independence in 1947, it was primarily an agrarian entity, with a weak industrial base. There were only eighteen state-owned Indian Ordnance Factories , previously established to reduce the dependency of the British Indian Army on imported arms. The British Raj had previously elected to leave agricultural production to the Private sector , with tea processing firms, jute mills (such as
1247-505: The global market so as to "support [them] in their drive to become global giants". Financial autonomy was initially awarded to nine PSUs as Navratna status in 1997. Originally, the term Navaratna meant a talisman composed of nine precious gems. Later, this term was adopted in the courts of the Gupta emperor Vikramaditya and Mughal emperor Akbar , as the collective name for nine extraordinary courtiers at their respective courts. In 2010,
1290-456: The listing, CIL became the fourth most valued company on the Indian stock exchanges with a market value of ₹ 2.16 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹ 4.8 trillion or US$ 58 billion in 2023). CIL was included in the 30-member BSE SENSEX on 8 August 2011. On 30 January 2015, in an offer for sale (OFS), Government of India sold a further 10% stake in CIL. Priced at ₹ 358 (US$ 4.30) per share,
1333-715: The members of the board of directors also known as executive director cum c-level officer who are Group 'A' gazetted officers appointed by the President of India in case of central public sector undertakings, its subsidiaries & its divisions and appointed by the Governor of States of India in case of state public sector undertakings, its subsidiaries & its divisions. All of the public sector undertakings have been awarded additional financial autonomy. Public Sector Undertakings are government establishments that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in
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1376-489: The national consensus turned in favor of rapid industrialisation of the economy, a process seen as the key to economic development, improved living standards and economic sovereignty. Building upon the Bombay Plan , which noted the necessity of government intervention and regulation in the economy, the first Industrial Policy Resolution announced in 1948 laid down in broad strokes such a strategy of industrial development. Later,
1419-418: The projects have already been submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests . In India, some coal mines are located near/below the tiger reserves . Mining or construction of administrative offices in/near these reserves disturbs the wildlife. Hence environmental organisations like Greenpeace have been opposing mining in these areas. Around 50% of the energy requirements of India are met by coal. Hence
1462-446: The protection of wildlife is sometimes overlooked due to this fact. In its argument, the CIL said that in many cases it only does underground mining which does not hurt the forests above. CIL reported lowest ever figures of average 66 deaths and 251 serious accidents per year for the period 2010–2012, indicating that safety at workplace is improving over the years. Critics claim that the safety practices in most mines are inadequate, which
1505-596: The remaining 20.35% were owned by others. On 30 January 2015, in an Offer For Sale (OFS), Government of India sold a further 10% stake in CIL. Priced at ₹ 358 (equivalent to ₹ 540 or US$ 6.50 in 2023) per share, the sale fetched the government ₹ 22,557.63 crore (US$ 2.7 billion), making it the largest ever equity offering in the Indian share market. On 18 November 2015, Government of India approved another 10% stake sale in CIL. Coal India had 333,097 employees as on 31 March 2015, out of which 314,259 were non-executives and 18,838 were executives. Coal India reported
1548-563: The sale fetched the government ₹ 22,557.63 crore (equivalent to ₹ 340 billion or US$ 4.08 billion in 2023), making it the largest ever equity offering in the Indian share market. CIL is the largest coal producing company in the world. It produced 536.51 MT (million tonne) coal during FY 2015–16. Coal India operates through 83 mining areas in 8 states of India. As on 1 April 2015, it has 430 coal mines out of which 175 are open cast, 227 are underground and 28 are mixed mines. Production from open cast mines during FY 2014–15
1591-562: The same financial year. In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by the Government of India, making it one of the seven with that status. As of 14 October 2015, CIL is a PSU owned by the Central Government of India which controls its operations through the Ministry of Coal. As of 14 October 2015, CIL's market capitalisation stood at ₹ 2.11 lakh crore (US$ 25 billion) making it India's 8th most valuable company. CIL ranks 8th among
1634-527: The status of Maharatna , Navaratna , and Miniratna (Category I and II). Following India's independence in 1947, the limited pre-existing industries were insufficient for sustainable economic growth . The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 , adopted during the Second Five-Year Plan , laid the framework for PSUs. The government initially prioritized strategic sectors, such as communication, irrigation, chemicals, and heavy industries , followed by
1677-507: The top 20 firms responsible for a third of all global carbon emissions. Coal mining in India had primarily been a private sector enterprise. This changed in September 1956 when the Government of India established its own coal company National Coal Development Corporation (NCDC). Collieries run by the Railways formed the nucleus of NCDC. This was to fulfill the fast growing energy requirements in
1720-1024: Was 92.91% of total production of 494.24 MT. Underground mines contributed to 7.09% of production. CIL further operates 15 coal washeries , out of which 12 are for coking coal and 3 are for non-coking coal with 23.30 MTY and 13.50 MTY capacities respectively. CIL's only Low Temperature Carbonisation Plant of Dankuni Coal Complex is currently run on lease basis by its subsidiary SECL. In addition to above, it also manages 200 other establishments like workshops, hospitals, training institutes, mine-rescue setups, etc. CIL produces coal through seven of its wholly owned subsidiaries. These are Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), Northern Coalfield Limited (NCL), and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL). Its 8th wholly owned subsidiary Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL) provides exploration, planning and technical support to all
1763-493: Was functioning as a subsidiary of Steel Authority of India (SAIL) under Department of Steel of the Ministry of Steel and Mines; and all non-coking coalmines were under CMAL, which was under Department of Mines of the Ministry of Steel and Mines. For better control, both BCCL and CMAL were brought on 11 October 1974 under the Department of Coal (now an independent Ministry) of the newly formed Ministry of Energy. On 1 November 1975,
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1806-482: Was instrumental to its formulation, which was later termed the Feldman–Mahalanobis model . In 1969, Indira Gandhi 's government nationalised fourteen of India's largest private banks, and an additional six in 1980. This government-led industrial policy, with corresponding restrictions on private enterprise, was the dominant pattern of Indian economic development until the 1991 Indian economic crisis . After
1849-435: Was oversubscribed by 14.17 times. Against an IPO issue size of ₹ 15,500 crore (equivalent to ₹ 350 billion or US$ 4.2 billion in 2023) it received bids for ₹ 2.4 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹ 5.4 trillion or US$ 65 billion in 2023) making it the second highest collections in any IPO in India. On the first day of its listing on the stock market, its shares soared 40% higher than IPO price. With
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