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38-756: The Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Cluj-Gherla is an eparchy (equivalent to a diocese in the Latin Church ) of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church which is an Eastern Catholic particular church of the Catholic Church that is in full communion with the Holy See . Its uses the Byzantine Rite in the Romanian language in its liturgical services. It was founded in 1930. It is a suffragan diocese of

76-516: A metropolitan (bishop of the provincial capital). Since civil provinces were called eparchies in Greek, the same term was used to define ecclesiastical provinces. Such use became customary, and metropolitan provinces came to be known as eparchies . Throughout the late antiquity and the early medieval period, within Eastern Orthodox terminology, the term eparchy remained a common designation for

114-468: A metropolitan bishop or archbishop who has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over all other bishops of the province. In the Greco-Roman world , ecclesia ( Ancient Greek : ἐκκλησία ; Latin : ecclesia ) was used to refer to a lawful assembly, or a called legislative body . As early as Pythagoras , the word took on the additional meaning of a community with shared beliefs. This is the meaning taken in

152-457: A Latin Church metropolitan over the other sees within his province is now very limited. During a vacancy in a suffragan diocese, the metropolitan names a temporary diocesan administrator if the college of Consultors of the diocese fails to elect one within the prescribed period. A metropolitan generally presides at the installation and consecration of a new bishop in the province. The tribunal of

190-489: A metropolitan province i.e. metropolis ( Greek : μητρόπολις , Latin : metropolis ). During the later medieval period, terminology started to shift, particularly within the Patriarchate of Constantinople . The process of title-inflation that was affecting Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy also gained momentum in ecclesiastical circles. In order to promote centralization, patriarchal authorities started to multiply

228-486: A metropolitan. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church has several , two of them in the United States and Canada. Some other Eastern Catholic Churches of a lower category and generally less populous, are known as metropolitanates . They are headed by a single metropolitan, the hierarch of a fixed episcopal see , As head of an autonomous Church, his name is mentioned in the liturgy of that Church immediately after that of

266-687: A nation. Some, such as the Church of the Province of West Africa , have the word "province" in their names. These member churches are known as "provinces of the Anglican Communion", and are headed by a primate , who is usually also styled archbishop, but may have an alternative title such as primus (for example, the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church ), presiding bishop , or moderator . The word

304-465: A number of orders and congregations . This is true of most, though not all, religious communities founded after the year AD 1000, as well as the Augustinians , who date from earlier. A province of a religious institute is typically headed by a provincial superior . The title differs by each institute's tradition (provincial minister for Franciscans ; provincial prior for Dominicans ; provincial for

342-400: A province consists of a metropolitan archdiocese and one or more (1-13) suffragan dioceses headed by diocesan bishops or territorial prelatures and missions sui iuris. The archbishop of the metropolitan see is the metropolitan of the province. The delimitation of church provinces in the Latin Church is reserved to the Holy See . There are exceptions to these rules: The authority of

380-566: A single, internally integrated ecclesiastical province, headed by a local patriarch or archbishop. Only in modern times, some Eastern Orthodox Churches have revived the ancient practice by creating internal ecclesiastical provinces on the middle (regional) level of church administration. In the Romanian Orthodox Church there are six regional metropolitanates, headed by local metropolitans who preside over regional synods of local bishops, and have special duties and privileges. For example,

418-534: Is also used to refer to a grouping of dioceses within a member church, commonly known as a metropolitical province, metropolitan province, or internal province. The Church of England is divided into two such provinces: Canterbury and York . The Anglican Church of Australia has five provinces: New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Victoria and Western Australia , and an extraprovincial diocese of Tasmania . The Anglican Church of Canada has four: British Columbia and Yukon , Canada , Ontario , and

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456-420: Is an anglicized term that comes from the original Greek word ( Koinē Greek : ἐπαρχία , romanized:  eparchía , lit.   'overlordship', Byzantine Greek pronunciation: [e.parˈçi.a] ). It is an abstract noun , formed with an intensive prefix ( ἐπι- , epi- , lit.   ' over- ' + ἄρχειν , árchein , lit.   ' to be ruler ' ). It

494-666: Is called the metropolitan bishop or metropolitan . The Catholic Church (both Latin and Eastern Catholic), the Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion all have provinces. These provinces are led by a metropolitan archbishop . Ecclesiastical provinces first corresponded to the civil provinces of the Roman Empire . From the second half of the 2nd century, the bishops of these provinces were accustomed to assemble on important occasions for common counsel in synods . From

532-588: Is commonly Latinized as eparchia . The term can be loosely translated as the rule over something (literally: an overlordship). The term had various meanings and multiple uses throughout history, mainly in politics and administration, starting from the Hellenistic period , and continuing throughout the Roman era . In the Greco-Roman world , it was used as a Greek equivalent for the Latin term provincia , denoting province ,

570-545: Is the Roman Catholic bishop of Skopje. Ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction in Christian churches , including those of both Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity , that have traditional hierarchical structures. An ecclesiastical province consists of several dioceses (or eparchies ), one of them being the archdiocese (or archeparchy ), headed by

608-710: Is used in local variants, and also has various equivalents in local languages. Eparchies of the main Eastern Orthodox churches: In the Eastern Catholic Churches , eparchy is equivalent to a diocese of the Latin Church , and its bishop can be called an eparch (equivalent to a diocesan of the Latin Church). Similarly, an archeparchy is equivalent to an archdiocese of the Latin Church and its bishop can be called an archeparch (equivalent to an archbishop of

646-695: The First Ecumenical Council (325), the Archbishop of Alexandria was given supreme jurisdiction over all provinces of Egypt. Similar authority was also granted to Archbishop of Antioch regarding jurisdiction over provinces of Orient. Since the Fourth Ecumenical Council (451), Patriarch of Constantinople was given the right to consecrate metropolitan bishops in all regions that were placed under his supreme jurisdiction. In time, previous administrative autonomy of original ecclesiastical provinces

684-811: The Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia . The eparchy's cathedral church is the Cathedral of the Transfiguration which is situated in the city of Cluj-Napoca , Romania . A co-cathedral — the Cathedral of the Entry of the Virgin Mary into the Temple in Gherla — is still in the hands of the Romanian Orthodox Church . The incumbent eparch is Claudiu-Lucian Pop . Eparchy The English word eparchy

722-536: The Metropolitan of Oltenia has regional jurisdiction over four local dioceses. On the other hand, a majority of Eastern Orthodox Churches remain and function as highly centralized church bodies, each of them functioning as a single ecclesiastical province. Member churches of the Anglican Communion are often referred to as provinces . Some provinces are coterminous with the boundaries of political states, some include multiple nations while others include only parts of

760-589: The Northern Lights . The Church of Ireland has two: Armagh and Dublin . The Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA) numbers, rather than names, its nine provinces . In all cases apart from ECUSA each metropolitan or internal province is headed by a metropolitan bishop with the title archbishop. The Evangelical State Church in Prussia , formed in 1821 (renamed: Evangelical State Church in Prussia's older Provinces in 1875, Evangelical Church of

798-573: The Pope and, in suffragan eparchies, ahead of that of the local hierarch. The borders of provinces have often been inspired, or even determined, by historical or present political borders ; the same is often true of diocesan borders within a province. The following are some examples: Historical development of ecclesiastical provinces in the Eastern Orthodox Church was influenced by strong tendencies of internal administrative centralization. Since

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836-790: The Augustinians, simply "provincial" or "provincial father" for the Jesuits and many others, for instance). The borders of a religious institute's provinces are determined independently of any diocesan structure, and so the borders often differ from the 'secular', or diocesan, ecclesiastical provinces. The orders' provinces are usually far larger than a diocese, a secular province, or even a country, though sometimes they are smaller in an institute's heartland . Most monastic orders are not organized by provinces. In general, they organise their administration through autonomous houses, in some cases grouped in larger families. For example, each Benedictine abbey

874-661: The Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (the Septuagint ), and later adopted by the Christian community to refer to the assembly of believers. In the history of Western world (sometimes more precisely as Greco-Roman world ) adopted by the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire , Christian ecclesiastical provinces were named by analogy with the secular Roman province as well as certain extraterritorial formations of

912-633: The Roman Empire, the term eparchy consequently gained an additional use among Greek-speaking Christians , denoting ecclesiastical structures on the provincial level of Church administration, within Eastern Christianity . Such terminological borrowing resulted from the final consolidation of the provincial (metropolitan) system in the 4th century. The First Ecumenical Council (325) confirmed (Canon IV) that all bishops of each civil province should be grouped in one ecclesiastical province , headed by

950-690: The Roman Rite). Individual eparchies of some Eastern Catholic Churches may be suffragan to Latin Church metropolitans. For example, the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci is suffragan to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb . Also, some minor Eastern Catholic churches have Latin prelates. For example, the Macedonian Greek Catholic Church is organized as a single Eparchy of Strumica-Skopje , whose present ordinary

988-515: The ancient divisions of the Roman Empire. In Italy alone, on account of the central ecclesiastical position of Rome, this development was slower. However, at the end of antiquity the existence of church provinces as the basis of ecclesiastical administration was fairly universal in the West. In the Carolingian period they were reorganized, and have retained their place ever since. In the Catholic Church ,

1026-457: The end of that century the summons to attend these increasingly important synods was usually issued by the bishop of the capital or metropolis of the province, who also presided over the assembly, especially in the East. Important communications were also forwarded to the bishop of the provincial capital to be brought to the notice of the other bishops. Thus in the East during the 3rd century the bishop of

1064-455: The main administrative unit of the Roman Empire . The same use was employed in the early Byzantine Empire until major administrative reforms that were undertaken between the 7th and 9th centuries, abolishing the old provincial system. In modern times, the term was also employed within administrative systems of some countries, like Greece and Cyprus . Since it was commonly used as the main Greek designation for an administrative province of

1102-529: The metropolitan see generally serves as the first court of appeal regarding canonical matters of provincial diocesan tribunals. The metropolitan's insignia is the pallium. The article in the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1911 on metropolitan shows that the metropolitan then had scarcely any more power than now. In the Eastern Catholic Churches , the patriarchal or major archiepiscopal Churches may also be divided into ecclesial provinces, each headed by

1140-590: The numbers of metropolitans by elevating local bishops to honorary metropolitan ranks without giving them any real metropolitan powers, and making them directly appointed and thus more dependent on Constantinople. As a consequence, the use of the word eparchy was expanded to include not only proper metropolitan provinces, but also the newly created honorary metropolitan sees that were no real provinces, and thus no different then simple bishoprics except in honorary titles and ranks. In spite of that, such honorary metropolitan sees also came to be called eparchies . This process

1178-426: The old-Prussian Union in 1922), had ecclesiastical provinces (Kirchenprovinzen) as administrative subsections mostly following the boundaries of those political Provinces of Prussia which formed part of the state before 1866, with some border changes after 1920 following WWI territorial cessions. The term province , or occasionally religious province , also refers to a geographical and administrative subdivision in

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1216-537: The provincial metropolis came gradually to occupy a certain superior position, and received the name of metropolitan. At the First Council of Nicaea (325) this position of the metropolitan was taken for granted, and was made the basis for conceding to him definite rights over the other bishops and dioceses of the state province. In Eastern canon law since the 4th century (cf. also the Synod of Antioch of 341, can. ix), it

1254-541: The separate provinces gradually appear, although the boundaries of these provinces did not coincide with the divisions of the empire. A similar development was witnessed in Spain , Gaul , and Italy . The migration of the nations, however, prevented an equally stable formation of ecclesiastical provinces in the Christian West as in the East. It was only after the 5th century that such gradually developed, mostly in accordance with

1292-407: The western world in early medieval times (see Early Middle Ages ). The administrative seat of each province is an episcopal see . In hierarchical Christian churches that have dioceses, a province is a collection of those dioceses (as a basic unit of administration). Over the years certain provinces adopted the status of metropolis and have a certain degree of self-rule. A bishop of such province

1330-544: Was a principle that every civil province was likewise a church province under the supreme direction of the metropolitan, i.e. of the bishop of the provincial capital. This division into ecclesiastical provinces did not develop so early in the Western Empire. In North Africa the first metropolitan appears during the 4th century, the Bishop of Carthage being recognized as primate of the dioceses of Northern Africa; metropolitans of

1368-463: Was gradually and systematically reduced in favor of patriarchal centralization. Ancient practice of annual councils of provincial bishops, headed by their local metropolitans, was also abandoned in favor of centralized councils, headed by patriarchs and attended by metropolitan bishops. The creation of new autonomous and autocephalous jurisdictions was also marked by tendencies of internal centralization. The newly created Archbishopric of Ohrid (1018)

1406-477: Was structured as a single ecclesiastical province, headed by an archbishop who had jurisdiction over all of his suffragan bishops. In 1219, autocephalous Serbian Orthodox Church was also organized as one ecclesiastical province, headed by an archbishop with direct jurisdiction over all Serbian bishops. By the end of Middle Ages , each autocephalous and autonomous church in Eastern Orthodoxy was functioning as

1444-572: Was systematically promoted, thus resulting in a major terminological shift. Since the fragmentation of the original metropolitan provinces into several titular metropolises that were also referred to as eparchies , the Patriarchate of Constantinople became more centralized, and such structure has remained up to the present day. Similar ecclesiastical terminology is also employed by other autocephalous and autonomous churches within Eastern Orthodox community . In those who are non-Greek, term eparchy

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