87-446: Clondalkin ( Irish : Cluain Dolcáin , meaning 'pasture of Dolcán') is a southwestern outer suburb of Dublin , Ireland , 10 km (6 mi) west of Dublin city centre, Ireland, under the administrative jurisdiction of South Dublin . It features an 8th-century round tower that acts as a focal point for the area. Clondalkin is also the name of a civil parish and a townland in
174-540: A unique dialect of Irish developed before falling out of use in the early 20th century. With a writing system , Ogham , dating back to at least the 4th century AD, which was gradually replaced by Latin script since the 5th century AD, Irish has one of the oldest vernacular literatures in Western Europe . On the island, the language has three major dialects: Connacht , Munster and Ulster Irish . All three have distinctions in their speech and orthography . There
261-697: A bargaining chip during government formation in Northern Ireland, prompting protests from organisations and groups such as An Dream Dearg . Irish became an official language of the EU on 1 January 2007, meaning that MEPs with Irish fluency can now speak the language in the European Parliament and at committees, although in the case of the latter they have to give prior notice to a simultaneous interpreter in order to ensure that what they say can be interpreted into other languages. While an official language of
348-560: A better future for Ireland and all her citizens." The Strategy was produced on 21 December 2010 and will stay in action until 2030; it aims to target language vitality and revitalization of the Irish language. The 30-page document published by the Government of Ireland details the objectives it plans to work towards in an attempt to preserve and promote both the Irish language and the Gaeltacht. It
435-721: A branch of South Dublin Libraries in a building which used to house a Carnegie Library . North Clondalkin Library, opposite the Immaculate Heart of Saint Mary's Church, was due to open in late 2019. There is also a post office. The Church of Ireland , St. John's Church , was built in 1789 on the site of a medieval church, and extended in 1854. Wheatfield Prison and Cloverhill Prison are two prisons near Clondalkin. Microsoft , Google, Amazon, Arytza , Wyeth, Takeda and Pfizer all have significant data centres and development facilities in
522-472: A cultural and social force. Irish speakers often insisted on using the language in law courts (even when they knew English), and Irish was also common in commercial transactions. The language was heavily implicated in the "devotional revolution" which marked the standardisation of Catholic religious practice and was also widely used in a political context. Down to the time of the Great Famine and even afterwards,
609-541: A degree course in the NUI federal system to pass the subject of Irish in the Leaving Certificate or GCE / GCSE examinations. Exemptions are made from this requirement for students who were born or completed primary education outside of Ireland, and students diagnosed with dyslexia . NUI Galway is required to appoint people who are competent in the Irish language, as long as they are also competent in all other aspects of
696-460: A fully recognised EU language for the first time in the state's history. Before Irish became an official language it was afforded the status of treaty language and only the highest-level documents of the EU were made available in Irish. The Irish language was carried abroad in the modern period by a vast diaspora , chiefly to Great Britain and North America, but also to Australia , New Zealand and Argentina . The first large movements began in
783-856: A manager in the 2010s. The towns main association football team is Clondalkin Celtic F.C. formed in 1969 with teams competing in the Leinster Senior League, Dublin and District Schoolboys League. The town's two main previous association football teams were Moyle Park Past Pupils FC, and Neilstown Rangers (past winners of the FAI Junior Cup ). St Francis Boys FC have been at home at John Hyland Park , Baldonnel , close to Clondalkin since relocating from their original home in The Liberties . Some other local teams include Booth Road Celtic, Castle Park F.C., Moorefield United, and Knockmitten United. The latter
870-622: A pair of artificial lakes (or the upper of the two), situated north of the village of Brittas in the far south of the traditional County Dublin , near the County Wicklow border, in Ireland . They are in the jurisdiction of South Dublin County Council . From inception, the ponds were fed from the River Camac , returning water to it downstream. The southern pond is fully watered as of 2023, while
957-574: A paper suggested that within a generation, non-Gaeltacht habitual users of Irish might typically be members of an urban, middle class, and highly educated minority. Parliamentary legislation is supposed to be available in both Irish and English but is frequently only available in English. This is notwithstanding that Article 25.4 of the Constitution of Ireland requires that an "official translation" of any law in one official language be provided immediately in
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#17328452231611044-554: A pass in Leaving Certificate Irish or English, and receive lessons in Irish during their two years of training. Official documents of the Irish government must be published in both Irish and English or Irish alone (in accordance with the Official Languages Act 2003, enforced by An Coimisinéir Teanga , the Irish language ombudsman). The National University of Ireland requires all students wishing to embark on
1131-611: A religious context. An Irish translation of the Old Testament by Leinsterman Muircheartach Ó Cíonga , commissioned by Bishop Bedell , was published after 1685 along with a translation of the New Testament. Otherwise, Anglicisation was seen as synonymous with 'civilising' the native Irish. Currently, modern day Irish speakers in the church are pushing for language revival. It has been estimated that there were around 800,000 monoglot Irish speakers in 1800, which dropped to 320,000 by
1218-597: A unit of Toastmasters International , an Order of Malta branch and several youth groups including Clondalkin Youth Theatre (associated with the Irish National Association for Youth Drama). The town is also home to St Joseph's Pipe band; Established in 1937, the band has won several All-Ireland Championship Titles. The Clondalkin Youth Band, also based locally, was founded in 1986. Scouting Ireland meet in
1305-537: A wider meaning, including the Gaelic of Scotland and the Isle of Man , as well as of Ireland. When required by the context, these are distinguished as Gaeilge na hAlban , Gaeilge Mhanann and Gaeilge na hÉireann respectively. In English (including Hiberno-English ), the language is usually referred to as Irish , as well as Gaelic and Irish Gaelic . The term Irish Gaelic may be seen when English speakers discuss
1392-536: Is a senior and schoolboy football club which was founded in 2008 with the amalgamation of Hillview and Monksfield. Collinstown FC, Liffey Valley Rangers and Clondalkin Celtic F.C. are also emerging soccer clubs in the area. Rugby union is played at Clondalkin Rugby Club , Kingswood , who were winners of the 2006 Spencer Cup and 2006 Under-18 Premier League. The club was formed in 1973–74 and fields four senior teams and several underage and youth teams. Bernard Dunne
1479-448: Is also An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , a standardised written form devised by a parliamentary commission in the 1950s. The traditional Irish alphabet , a variant of the Latin alphabet with 18 letters , has been succeeded by the standard Latin alphabet (albeit with 7–8 letters used primarily in loanwords ). Irish has constitutional status as the national and first official language of
1566-1151: Is based between Coláiste Bride and Moyle Park College. The National Baseball Facility in Ireland, O'Malley Field, is located in Corkagh Demesne Park , in southwest Clondalkin. This is the home of the Irish national baseball team . Clondalkin has primary and secondary schools of different denominations. Among its primary schools are: St. Ronans, Clonburris National School , Sacred Heart Sruleen National School, St. Joseph's Boys National School , Scoil Íde, Scoil Áine, St John's National School (Church of Ireland), Scoil Mhuire, Talbot S.N.S and Scoil Nano Nagle. The secondary schools are: Moyle Park College (for boys), Deansrath Community College, Coláiste Bríde (for girls), Collinstown Park Community College and St. Kevin's Community College. Clondalkin also contains three Gaelscoileanna (Irish-language schools) – Gaelscoil Chluain Dolcáin and Gaelscoil na Camóige at primary level and Coláiste Chilliain at second level. Community organisations include
1653-618: Is delivered free into households in Clondalkin. The town's oldest sports club is the Round Towers GAA Club , which was founded in December 1884 and is located on Convent Road. Club members have represented Dublin in the inter-county competition since the nineteenth century, when Tom Errity won several All-Ireland Senior Football medals in the 1890s. More recently, Jim Gavin won an All-Ireland senior medal with Dublin in 1995 and several as
1740-511: Is divided into four separate phases with the intention of improving 9 main areas of action including: The general goal for this strategy was to increase the number of daily speakers from 83,000 to 250,000 by the end of its run. By 2022, the number of such speakers had fallen to 71,968. Before the partition of Ireland in 1921, Irish was recognised as a school subject and as "Celtic" in some third level institutions. Between 1921 and 1972, Northern Ireland had devolved government. During those years
1827-467: Is generally considered to be a crannog , a site of early settlement commonly found in wet areas of Ireland. While it predates the modern lake formation, the ground was historically marshy, and would have been a potential site for such dwelling places. The pond is fed by an offtake from the River Camac at the southern pond's south-eastern corner, which was historically operated by a sluice gate to regulate
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#17328452231611914-455: Is on display in Karlsruhe , Germany. Clondalkin was sacked by Vikings in 832 AD, and the monastery was burned to the ground. One of the early Norse kings of Dublin, Amlaíb Conung , built a fortress on the site in the middle of the 9th century. In 867 a force led by Cennétig mac Gaíthéne , king of Loígis , burned the fortress at Clondalkin and killed 100 of Amlaíb's followers. The monastery
2001-567: Is only in Gaeltacht areas that Irish continues to be spoken as a community vernacular to some extent. According to data compiled by the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht , Sport and Media , only 1/4 of households in Gaeltacht areas are fluent in Irish. The author of a detailed analysis of the survey, Donncha Ó hÉallaithe of the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology , described
2088-412: Is still spoken daily to some extent as a first language . These regions are known individually and collectively as the Gaeltacht (plural Gaeltachtaí ). While the fluent Irish speakers of these areas, whose numbers have been estimated at 20–30,000, are a minority of the total number of fluent Irish speakers, they represent a higher concentration of Irish speakers than other parts of the country and it
2175-659: The Fíor-Ghaeltacht (true Gaeltacht ), a term originally officially applied to areas where over 50% of the population spoke Irish. There are Gaeltacht regions in the following counties: Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair ), County Donegal, is the largest Gaeltacht parish in Ireland. Irish language summer colleges in the Gaeltacht are attended by tens of thousands of teenagers annually. Students live with Gaeltacht families, attend classes, participate in sports, go to céilithe and are obliged to speak Irish. All aspects of Irish culture and tradition are encouraged. The Act
2262-829: The Red Cow interchange park and ride station providing links to the town square in Tallaght and Dublin city centre. However, the Luas station is approximately fifteen to twenty minutes' walk from Clondalkin village. Clondalkin railway station opened on 4 August 1846 and was closed for goods traffic on 9 June 1947. It was reopened during the 1990s for commuter services. Commuter trains are operated by Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail) and run between Heuston station in Dublin and Kildare Town in County Kildare . A new station , to replace rather than supplement
2349-619: The Republic of Ireland , and is also an official language of Northern Ireland and among the official languages of the European Union . The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island. Irish has no regulatory body but An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , the standard written form, is guided by a parliamentary service and new vocabulary by a voluntary committee with university input. In An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("The Official [Written] Standard ")
2436-656: The 'washing' process alone. The last mill complex to draw on the Brittas Ponds ceased operation in 1987. The Mansfield Group acquired the Brittas ponds when they bought the site of what was the former Clondalkin Paper Mills for the development of The Mill Shopping Centre. Having been operational in 1993, by 2002, the northern pond was noted by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage as being dry, however texts on
2523-448: The 13, 60, 68, 69, 151, G2, and L54. There are also other bus routes provided by Go-Ahead Ireland such as the W2 and L51. Many of these run from areas near Clondalkin, such as Rathcoole and Newcastle, into the city centre via Clondalkin, while some of these routes link Clondalkin to other local areas such as Liffey Valley , The Square , Lucan , and Leixlip . The Luas Red Line runs from
2610-611: The 17th century, largely as a result of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland , which saw many Irish sent to the West Indies . Irish emigration to the United States was well established by the 18th century, and was reinforced in the 1840s by thousands fleeing from the Famine . This flight also affected Britain. Up until that time most emigrants spoke Irish as their first language, though English
2697-769: The 1998 Good Friday Agreement , the language gradually received a degree of formal recognition in Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom, and then, in 2003, by the British government's ratification in respect of the language of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . In the 2006 St Andrews Agreement the British government promised to enact legislation to promote the language and in 2022 it approved legislation to recognise Irish as an official language alongside English. The bill received royal assent on 6 December 2022. The Irish language has often been used as
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2784-400: The 2021 census of Northern Ireland , 43,557 individuals stated they spoke Irish on a daily basis, 26,286 spoke it on a weekly basis, 47,153 spoke it less often than weekly, and 9,758 said they could speak Irish, but never spoke it. From 2006 to 2008, over 22,000 Irish Americans reported speaking Irish as their first language at home, with several times that number claiming "some knowledge" of
2871-403: The 6th century, used the Latin alphabet and is attested primarily in marginalia to Latin manuscripts. During this time, the Irish language absorbed some Latin words, some via Old Welsh , including ecclesiastical terms : examples are easpag (bishop) from episcopus , and Domhnach (Sunday, from dominica ). By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish , which
2958-512: The Act all detailing different aspects of the use of Irish in official documentation and communication. Included in these sections are subjects such as Irish language use in official courts, official publications, and placenames. The Act was recently amended in December 2019 in order to strengthen the already preexisting legislation. All changes made took into account data collected from online surveys and written submissions. The Official Languages Scheme
3045-463: The European Union , only co-decision regulations were available until 2022, due to a five-year derogation, requested by the Irish Government when negotiating the language's new official status. The Irish government had committed itself to train the necessary number of translators and interpreters and to bear the related costs. This derogation ultimately came to an end on 1 January 2022, making Irish
3132-642: The Grange Castle Business Park. In March 2014, Clondalkin became the 51st "Fairtrade town" in Ireland. Farmers from Belize and El Salvador, along with local councillors and community representatives, attended a ceremony in Clonburris National School to mark the occasion. Clondalkin is served by public transport to Dublin city centre, to nearby suburbs, and to neighbouring settled areas such as Tallaght. Dublin Bus provide bus routes including
3219-536: The Irish language policy followed by Irish governments as a "complete and absolute disaster". The Irish Times , referring to his analysis published in the Irish language newspaper Foinse , quoted him as follows: "It is an absolute indictment of successive Irish Governments that at the foundation of the Irish State there were 250,000 fluent Irish speakers living in Irish-speaking or semi Irish-speaking areas, but
3306-597: The Republic of Ireland ), new appointees to the Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland , including postal workers , tax collectors , agricultural inspectors, Garda Síochána (police), etc., were required to have some proficiency in Irish. By law, a Garda who was addressed in Irish had to respond in Irish as well. In 1974, in part through the actions of protest organisations like the Language Freedom Movement ,
3393-751: The Scout Hall most evenings. Boy's and Girl's Brigades, girl guides and Brownies meet at St John's Parish Hall. Local drama groups are Clondalkin Drama Group and Clondalkin Youth Theatre. The Clondalkin Tidy Towns group was established in 2012. They were awarded the South Dublin County Community Group of the Year 2012 and were also runners-up in the Pride of Place Award for 2012. In June 2023 they were amongst
3480-645: The Tallaght Central local electoral area. Irish language Irish ( Standard Irish : Gaeilge ), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic ( / ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / GAY -lik ), is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family . It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland . It
3567-456: The ancient barony of Uppercross, and is also used in relation to some local religious parishes. The population of all electoral divisions labelled as Clondalkin was 47,938 as of the 2022 census. Neolithic tribes first settled in the area around 7,600 years ago, taking advantage of the site's favourable location on the River Camac , overlooking the River Liffey and the inland pass between
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3654-682: The beginning of the following academic year. For a number of years there has been vigorous debate in political, academic and other circles about the failure of most students in English-medium schools to achieve competence in Irish, even after fourteen years of teaching as one of the three main subjects. The concomitant decline in the number of traditional native speakers has also been a cause of great concern. In 2007, filmmaker Manchán Magan found few Irish speakers in Dublin , and faced incredulity when trying to get by speaking only Irish in Dublin. He
3741-413: The damming. The downstream lake was formed as a fish pond. An embankment separated the two ponds, with a canal, overflow and sluice . The southern pond was around 30 acres in size, the northern about 11 acres. The Saggart mills operated from c. 1760 until their closure in 1971, and possessed one of the largest water wheels in Ireland, which required 25,000 gallons of filtered water every hour for
3828-468: The end of the famine, and under 17,000 by 1911. Irish is recognised by the Constitution of Ireland as the national and first official language of Republic of Ireland (English being the other official language). Despite this, almost all government business and legislative debate is conducted in English. In 1938, the founder of Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Douglas Hyde , was inaugurated as
3915-545: The first President of Ireland . The record of his delivering his inaugural Declaration of Office in Roscommon Irish is one of only a few recordings of that dialect. In the 2016 census, 10.5% of respondents stated that they spoke Irish, either daily or weekly, while over 70,000 people (4.2%) speak it as a habitual daily means of communication. From the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922 (see History of
4002-471: The focus moved to war production. Productivity slowed until the mill closed its doors for the last time in 1987. Water to power the mill came from Brittas ponds via Saggart. A focal point for Clondalkin is the eighth-century round tower , one of the four remaining towers in the historic County Dublin. Acknowledged as one of the oldest in the country, it is 25.6 metres high and has its original conical cap. In July 2017, The Round Tower Heritage Centre opened in
4089-762: The former WBA Super Bantamweight World Champion is from Neilstown in Clondalkin. Kenny Egan , winner of a silver medal for boxing in the 2008 Olympics , comes from Clondalkin, originally Woodford estate. Dublin Lions Basketball Club has teams playing in Division 2, 3 and 4 of the Dublin Men Basketball League, teams in Senior 2, 5 and 6 of Dublin Ladies Basketball League. There are also children's teams and an academy for ages 4 to 10. The club
4176-698: The language family, is derived from the Old Irish term. Endonyms of the language in the various modern Irish dialects include: Gaeilge [ˈɡeːlʲɟə] in Galway, Gaeilg / Gaeilic / Gaeilig [ˈɡeːlʲəc] in Mayo and Ulster , Gaelainn / Gaoluinn [ˈɡeːl̪ˠən̠ʲ] in West/Cork, Kerry Munster , as well as Gaedhealaing in mid and East Kerry/Cork and Waterford Munster to reflect local pronunciation. Gaeilge also has
4263-410: The language was in use by all classes, Irish being an urban as well as a rural language. This linguistic dynamism was reflected in the efforts of certain public intellectuals to counter the decline of the language. At the end of the 19th century, they launched the Gaelic revival in an attempt to encourage the learning and use of Irish, although few adult learners mastered the language. The vehicle of
4350-425: The language. For most of recorded Irish history , Irish was the dominant language of the Irish people , who took it with them to other regions , such as Scotland and the Isle of Man , where Middle Irish gave rise to Scottish Gaelic and Manx . It was also, for a period, spoken widely across Canada , with an estimated 200,000–250,000 daily Canadian speakers of Irish in 1890. On the island of Newfoundland ,
4437-412: The last High King of Ireland Ruaidhrí Ua Conchabhair . Clondalkin is a civil parish in the ancient barony of Uppercross . An exclave of the parish, consisting of the single townland of Blundelstown, is located in the neighbouring barony of Newcastle to the west. Centuries later, Clondalkin was the scene for some fighting in the 1641 Rebellion , when the Gaelic Irish in Ulster, and later in
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#17328452231614524-572: The main national Glór na nGael awards in 1978 and 1988 and hosted Oireachtas na Gaeilge in 1991. The national director of Oireachtas na Gaeilge is Liam Ó Maolaodha from Clondalkin. The grassroots Irish language project Pop-Up Gaeltacht was co-founded by Clondalkin native Peadar Ó Caomhánaigh. There are an estimated 1,500 Irish-speaking pupils in Clondalkin, attending the two Gaelscoileanna (Irish language primary schools) and Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary school). The idea of designation for Clondalkin as an Irish Language Network region
4611-399: The mid-18th century, English was becoming a language of the Catholic middle class, the Catholic Church and public intellectuals, especially in the east of the country. Increasingly, as the value of English became apparent, parents sanctioned the prohibition of Irish in schools. Increasing interest in emigrating to the United States and Canada was also a driver, as fluency in English allowed
4698-402: The mills) in 1847. They were naturally marshy, owing to their placement on a watershed between hills, and were subsequently flooded by the opening of a channel from the River Camac , to create a standing body of water. As described by Mervyn Ennis in his 2016 publication The Story of Swift Brook Papermill, Saggart : The object of at least the first (upper or southernmost) pond's creation
4785-417: The monastery. This would make it an unusual tower, as most scholars assume that the main period of their construction was between the start of the 10th century and the end of the 12th century, and that this one was built in the 10th or 11th century. By the 8th century, Saint Fugillus was Bishop of Clondalkin and noted gospel manuscripts were produced – the most famous of these being the Clondalkin mass book which
4872-460: The mountains and the river. Evidence of the presence of the Cualann Celtic people (an early tribe possibly the Cauci on Ptolemy's world map ) can be found in various mounds and raths. Clondalkin is believed to have been founded by Saint Cronan Mochua as a monastic settlement on the River Camac over 1,400 years ago (possibly late 6th or early 7th centuries). The round tower was built perhaps two centuries later ( c. 790 AD) as part of
4959-497: The name of the language is Gaeilge , from the South Connacht form, spelled Gaedhilge prior the spelling reform of 1948, which was originally the genitive of Gaedhealg , the form used in Classical Gaelic . The modern spelling results from the deletion of the silent ⟨dh⟩ in Gaedhilge . Older spellings include Gaoidhealg [ˈɡeːʝəlˠəɡ] in Classical Gaelic and Goídelc [ˈɡoiðʲelɡ] in Old Irish . Goidelic , used to refer to
5046-409: The new immigrants to get jobs in areas other than farming. An estimated one quarter to one third of US immigrants during the Great Famine were Irish speakers. Irish was not marginal to Ireland's modernisation in the 19th century, as is often assumed. In the first half of the century there were still around three million people for whom Irish was the primary language, and their numbers alone made them
5133-406: The northern has partly dried into a marshy area. The pond structure was brought into existence due to the need for huge amounts of fresh water to service the Swiftbrook Paper Mills in Saggart village, approximately 4 kilometres downstream, and three other mills, including one at Clondalkin. The lands, then known as 'Bog Larkin', were sold by the Dowling family to John McDonnell (the owner of
5220-522: The number now is between 20,000 and 30,000." In the 1920s, when the Irish Free State was founded, Irish was still a vernacular in some western coastal areas. In the 1930s, areas where more than 25% of the population spoke Irish were classified as Gaeltacht . Today, the strongest Gaeltacht areas, numerically and socially, are those of South Connemara , the west of the Dingle Peninsula , and northwest Donegal, where many residents still use Irish as their primary language. These areas are often referred to as
5307-448: The other official language, if not already passed in both official languages. In November 2016, RTÉ reported that over 2.3 million people worldwide were learning Irish through the Duolingo app. Irish president Michael D. Higgins officially honoured several volunteer translators for developing the Irish edition, and said the push for Irish language rights remains an "unfinished project". There are rural areas of Ireland where Irish
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#17328452231615394-415: The political party holding power in the Stormont Parliament , the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), was hostile to the language. The context of this hostility was the use of the language by nationalists. In broadcasting, there was an exclusion on the reporting of minority cultural issues, and Irish was excluded from radio and television for almost the first fifty years of the previous devolved government. After
5481-412: The previous station, has been built at Fonthill, north of Bawnogue. The original Clondalkin station was demolished in 2008 to facilitate a four-line track, allowing express trains to pass through without affecting local services on the Kildare line. Bus Éireann services stop to collect and set down passengers at Newlands Cross , on the N7 road near Clondalkin. These services have destinations all over
5568-436: The relationship between the three Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx). Gaelic is a collective term for the Goidelic languages, and when the context is clear it may be used without qualification to refer to each language individually. When the context is specific but unclear, the term may be qualified, as Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic or Manx Gaelic. Historically the name "Erse" ( / ɜːr s / URS )
5655-432: The requirement for entrance to the public service was changed to proficiency in just one official language. Nevertheless, Irish remains a required subject of study in all schools in the Republic of Ireland that receive public money (see Education in the Republic of Ireland ). Teachers in primary schools must also pass a compulsory examination called Scrúdú Cáilíochta sa Ghaeilge . As of 2005, Garda Síochána recruits need
5742-416: The rest of the kingdom, and the Old English in the Pale of Leinster rebelled against rule from Westminster . (Ireland had its own parliament at this time, but it was severely limited in its powers, e.g. by Poynings' Law .) Clondalkin Paper Mill was established at the start of the 19th century by Thomas Seery and Son. Having changed ownership over the years, activity peaked during the First World War as
5829-452: The revival was the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ), and particular emphasis was placed on the folk tradition, which in Irish is particularly rich. Efforts were also made to develop journalism and a modern literature. Although it has been noted that the Catholic Church played a role in the decline of the Irish language before the Gaelic Revival, the Protestant Church of Ireland also made only minor efforts to encourage use of Irish in
5916-421: The rivers of Dublin suggest that it remains damp or swampy, at least at times. From 1888 until 1932, the Dublin and Blessington Steam Tramway passed by the ponds on their western side. The tram ran on the site of the modern N81 road , which hugs the modern lake and is the main Dublin to West Wicklow road. The Brittas Ponds Fly-Fishing Club was founded in 1881, possibly re-formed in 1903 by Major Gamble, and
6003-536: The vacancy to which they are appointed. This requirement is laid down by the University College Galway Act, 1929 (Section 3). In 2016, the university faced controversy when it announced the planned appointment of a president who did not speak Irish. Misneach staged protests against this decision. The following year the university announced that Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh , a fluent Irish speaker, would be its 13th president. He assumed office in January 2018; in June 2024, he announced he would be stepping down as president at
6090-411: The village core, the result of a €3.5 million investment into enhancing the historic Round Tower with an interactive interpretive centre and a monastic-style garden. The centre addresses the history of Clondalkin and the round tower. Clondalkin is also home to St Brigid's Well , which is said to have been established as a well for baptising pagans by Saint Brigid in the 5th century. It was believed that
6177-478: The water level; a short canal carried water from the southern to the northern pond. The Camac maintained its course just east of the pond and was rejoined by an outlet flow from the pond area (again controlled by a sluice) a short distance downstream of the northern pond. Although no longer operable, the remains of some of these sluice gates are still in existence. As of 1993, the ponds had a depth of around 20 feet. Small streams in valleys called Slad na bPlumpog and
6264-400: The well possessed powers of healing. Tully's Castle is a castle and a National Monument. The Clondalkin area had a population of approximately 46,000 as of 2016. Retail facilities serving the population include branches of four major supermarket chains. The village centre also has several small businesses including solicitors, restaurants, pubs, hairdressers and pharmacies. Clondalkin has
6351-729: The west and south of the country; services to the north do not pass Newlands Cross. As of 2007, Clondalkin was included on the preferred route for the proposed Dublin Metro West line. Two local newspapers, the Clondalkin Echo and Clondalkin Gazette , serve the area. The latter is published by Gazette Group Newspapers (part-owned by the Irish Times ), and was launched in October 2005. The Clondalkin News
6438-759: The winners of South Dublin County Council's Mayor's Community Hero Awards. The Civil Defence established a unit in Deansrath during 2010. It specialises in auxiliary fire fighting, emergency medical services and swift-water technical rescue. A notable task assigned to the Clondalkin unit of Dublin Civil Defence was responding to flooded homes next to the Camac River in Clondalkin Village on 24 October 2011. Áras Chrónáin promotes Irish language and culture (e.g. music and dancing ). Muintir Chrónáin have been awarded
6525-594: The work of such writers as Geoffrey Keating , is said to date from the 17th century, and was the medium of popular literature from that time on. From the 18th century on, the language lost ground in the east of the country. The reasons behind this shift were complex but came down to a number of factors: The change was characterised by diglossia (two languages being used by the same community in different social and economic situations) and transitional bilingualism (monoglot Irish-speaking grandparents with bilingual children and monoglot English-speaking grandchildren). By
6612-411: Was 1,873,997, representing 40% of respondents, but of these, 472,887 said they never spoke it and a further 551,993 said they only spoke it within the education system. Linguistic analyses of Irish speakers are therefore based primarily on the number of daily users in Ireland outside the education system, which in 2022 was 20,261 in the Gaeltacht and 51,707 outside it, totalling 71,968. In response to
6699-523: Was also sometimes used in Scots and then in English to refer to Irish; as well as Scottish Gaelic. Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD, a stage of the language known as Primitive Irish . These writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain. Primitive Irish underwent a change into Old Irish through the 5th century. Old Irish, dating from
6786-643: Was enacted 1 July 2019 and is an 18-page document that adheres to the guidelines of the Official Languages Act 2003 . The purpose of the Scheme is to provide services through the mediums of Irish and/or English. According to the Department of the Taoiseach, it is meant to "develop a sustainable economy and a successful society, to pursue Ireland's interests abroad, to implement the Government's Programme and to build
6873-675: Was establishing itself as the primary language. Irish speakers had first arrived in Australia in the late 18th century as convicts and soldiers, and many Irish-speaking settlers followed, particularly in the 1860s. New Zealand also received some of this influx. Argentina was the only non-English-speaking country to receive large numbers of Irish emigrants, and there were few Irish speakers among them. Brittas Pond The Brittas Ponds , sometimes now Brittas Pond ( Irish : Locháin an Bhriotáis ), also known as Brittas Reservoir , Brittas Lake(s) , Glenaraneen Lake or Glenaraneen Mill Ponds , are
6960-509: Was later restored and, with help from other surrounding monasteries, and influenced the Viking settlers in their conversion to Christianity. The district remained under Norse control until the Viking defeat by Brian Boru at the famous Battle of Clontarf in 1014. Clondalkin witnessed another historic event during the Norman invasion in 1171 with a battle there between Richard de Clare (Strongbow) and
7047-465: Was passed 14 July 2003 with the main purpose of improving the number and quality of public services delivered in Irish by the government and other public bodies. Compliance with the Act is monitored by the An Coimisinéir Teanga (Irish Language Commissioner) which was established in 2004 and any complaints or concerns pertaining to the Act are brought to them. There are 35 sections included in
7134-497: Was raised in 2012, based on proposed amendments to the definition of "Gaeltacht", to be "based on linguistic criteria instead of on geographic areas". Clondalkin is part of the Dáil constituency of Dublin Mid-West . Clondalkin is mostly in the local electoral area of Clondalkin for elections to South Dublin County Council (along with Rathcoole, Newcastle and Saggart ), with parts in
7221-678: Was spoken throughout Ireland, Isle of Man and parts of Scotland . It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle . From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland, into Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, and into the Manx language in the Isle of Man . Early Modern Irish , dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland. Modern Irish, sometimes called Late Modern Irish, as attested in
7308-407: Was still in existence as of 2015. In 1936, the club took a formal lease on the ponds, with exclusive fishing and bird hunting rights. In 1986 the then landowners gave permission for new works by the club, which built a car park and a new boat-house, extended a small harbour and built a net storage hut. The ponds were stocked with trout and perch. There is a mound-shaped island in the pond area, which
7395-547: Was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism . Today, Irish is still commonly spoken as a first language in Ireland's Gaeltacht regions, in which 2% of Ireland's population lived in 2022. The total number of people (aged 3 and over) in Ireland who declared they could speak Irish in April 2022
7482-456: Was to create a space where a good reserve of water for the dry season could be kept, and to increase the water pressure to the level that certain mills downstream required. Prior to flooding, sloping embankments of about 30 feet in height were lined with large granite slabs from nearby Ballyknockan quarry to prevent erosion and flooding in the area and contain and maintain the boundary of the new lakes as levels rose. Turf banks were also used in
7569-442: Was unable to accomplish some everyday tasks, as portrayed in his documentary No Béarla . There is, however, a growing body of Irish speakers in urban areas, particularly in Dublin. Many have been educated in schools in which Irish is the language of instruction. Such schools are known as Gaelscoileanna at primary level. These Irish-medium schools report some better outcomes for students than English-medium schools. In 2009,
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