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29-426: A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic ) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients . Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays. Most commonly,

58-402: A hospital , and perform tests on these patients. Private or community laboratories receive samples from general practitioners , insurance companies, and other health clinics for analysis. A biomedical research facility is where basic research or applied research is conducted to aid the body of knowledge in the field of medicine . Medical research can be divided into two general categories:

87-493: A polyclinic , it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology , dermatology , ophthalmology , otolaryngology , neurology , pulmonology , cardiology , and endocrinology . In some university cities , polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building. Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of

116-436: A first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas." Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after

145-711: A food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic. Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished. There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices. Health facility The workload of

174-524: A general or specialized nature not performed by hospitals to inpatients with any of a wide variety of medical conditions. Pharmacies and drug stores comprise establishments engaged in retailing prescription or nonprescription drugs and medicines, and other types of medical and orthopaedic goods. Regulated pharmacies may be based in a hospital or clinic or they may be privately operated, and are usually staffed by pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy aides. A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory

203-413: A health facility is often used to indicate its size. Large health facilities are those with a greater patient load. In Australia the workload of a health facility is used to determine the level of government funding provided to that facility. The government measures a facility (or health practice) in terms of its standard whole patient equivalent ( SWPE ). The SWPE calculation is determined by analysis of

232-450: A local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized health care. Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker . In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require

261-749: A specific disease or affliction, or are reserved for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting a specific age group. Others have a mandate that expands beyond offering dominantly curative and rehabilitative care services to include promotional, preventive and educational roles as part of a primary healthcare approach. Today, hospitals are usually funded by the state, health organizations ( for profit or non-profit ), by health insurances or by charities and by donations. Historically, however, they were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders. Hospitals are nowadays staffed by professionally trained doctors, nurses, paramedical clinicians, etc., whereas historically, this work

290-456: A visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed. Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if

319-470: Is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient . Such laboratories may be divided into categorical departments such as microbiology , hematology , clinical biochemistry , immunology , serology , histology , cytology , cytogenetics , or virology . In many countries, there are two main types of labs that process the majority of medical specimens. Hospital laboratories are attached to

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348-599: Is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds. In Latin, this became clīnicus . An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed". Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners . Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists , and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside

377-652: Is also called a general hospital . The term was rare in English until recently and is still very rare in North America, examples include the polyclinics in England (large health care centres able to provide a wider range of services than a standard doctor's (GP) office) and The Polyclinic in Seattle, Washington, US. Most other languages use a cognate of the even rarer English term " policlinic " (spelled similarly to and pronounced

406-407: Is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries , some of which integrate traditional medicine . In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice. The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance,

435-471: The English word clinic refers to a general practice , run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school . The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē

464-402: The average male patient requires fewer consultations than his older and infant counterparts. The table shows the weighting factors used in the standardization of workloads. Table: Age by Sex Weights for SWPE Standardisation A hospital is an institution for healthcare typically providing specialized treatment for inpatient (or overnight) stays. Some hospitals primarily admit patients with

493-423: The coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases. A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from

522-498: The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine; and in many countries across Asia and Africa. In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-). Recent Russian governments have attempted to replace

551-412: The country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas. Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators. Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in

580-412: The evaluation of new treatments for both safety and efficacy in what are termed clinical trials , and all other research that contributes to the development of new treatments. The latter is termed preclinical research if its goal is specifically to elaborate knowledge for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Polyclinic A polyclinic (where poly means "many"; not to be confused with

609-399: The homonym policlinic , where poli means "city" and which is sometimes used for a hospital's outpatient department) is a clinic or health care facility that provides both general and specialist examinations and treatments for a wide variety of diseases and injuries to outpatients and is usually independent of a hospital. When a polyclinic is so large that it is in fact a hospital, it

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638-564: The medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers .) Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China , for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011. Health care in India , China , Russia and Africa

667-399: The need arises. Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals. Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals. Besides GPs, if a clinic is

696-495: The patients that attend that facility. The calculation takes into account the proportion of health services (in dollars) rendered at that facility relative to others that each patient attends. It includes a weighting factor based on each patients' demography to account for the varied levels of services required by patients depending on their gender and age. The premise of weighting is that patients require different levels of health services depending on their age and gender. For example,

725-546: The policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed. In the Czech Republic , many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building. India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of

754-520: The politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection. People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns. When new settlements that sprang up along

783-444: The remote villages. Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be

812-626: The same as the English term "polyclinic") for outpatient departments (outpatient clinics) of (public) hospitals and for large independent (public) clinics for outpatients. Some languages, for example French, specifically use a cognate of "polyclinic" to refer to private outpatient clinics. Due to the different meanings of "poly" and "poli", it was traditionally considered incorrect to use the English term "polyclinic" for European policlinics. In addition, European policlinics (called "poliklinik", "policlinique", "поликлиника" [poliklinika], or similarly in other languages) are more like hospitals or are part of

841-570: Was usually done by the founding religious orders or by volunteers. Healthcare centres, including clinics , doctor's offices , urgent care centers and ambulatory surgery centers , serve as first point of contact with a health professional and provide outpatient medical, nursing, dental, and other types of care services. Medical nursing homes, including residential treatment centers and geriatric care facilities , are health care institutions which have accommodation facilities and which engage in providing short-term or long-term medical treatment of

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