87-864: Hardwick Clothes is an American clothing manufacturer headquartered in Cleveland , Tennessee specializing in tailor-made suits for men and women. Founded on July 28, 1880, Hardwick Clothes is the oldest maker of tailored clothing in America, and the second-oldest company in Bradley County, Tennessee . Hardwick Clothes is the oldest tailor-made clothing maker in the United States. The company started as Cleveland Woolen Mills, founded in 1880 in Cleveland, Tennessee, by C. L. Hardwick, John Craigmiles, John Parker, P.B. Mayfield and Creed Bates. Hardwick put his son George, in charge of
174-414: A reservation at the site. A permanent settlement had been established there in 1835, and became a favored stopping place for travelers. The other proposed location for the city was a site a few miles to the east, owned by a wealthy Cherokee named Deer-In-The-Water. Cleveland was formally established as the county seat by the state legislature on January 20, 1838. That year the city was reported to have
261-399: A few miles northeast of Cleveland, on multiple occasions. No large-scale battles took place in and around Cleveland, but the city was considered militarily important due to the railroads. On June 30, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln sent a telegram to General Henry W. Halleck , which read, "To take and hold the railroad at or east of Cleveland, Tennessee, I think is as fully as important as
348-571: A group of about 500 Confederate cavalrymen led by Col. John H. Kelly , and quickly retreated to Chattanooga. The defeat of Confederate forces in Chattanooga resulted in Union troops regaining control of Cleveland and Bradley County by January 1864, and they retained control for the remainder of the war. Within a few days of the Battle of Missionary Ridge and Long's raid, several Union units, including members of
435-468: A line of tailored clothing under the Christian Dior name, followed by Nino Cerruti , Allyn St. George, and Playboy . These new lines were created under contract to their designer namesakes and proved highly successful as fashion leaders. In 1979, Pierre Cardin was added to the company's list of designers. In the late 1990s, two new lines, Perry Ellis and Daniel Hechter , were introduced. The latter
522-468: A population of 400; it was home to two churches (one Presbyterian, the other Methodist), and a private school for boys, the Oak Grove Academy. The city was incorporated on February 4, 1842, and elections for mayor and aldermen were held shortly afterward on April 4 that year. While the overwhelming majority of early inhabitants of Cleveland earned their living in agriculture, by 1850 the city also had
609-440: A result of this growth, the downtown business district is now geographically located in the southern part of the city. In 1993, Cleveland voters approved a referendum changing the city's form of government from a city commission to a council-manager government . Cleveland officially adopted the nickname "The City with Spirit" in 2012. In 2018 voters approved a referendum allowing for package liquor stores to be located within
696-479: A sizeable number of skilled craftsmen and professional people. On September 5, 1851, the railroad was completed through Cleveland. After copper mining began in the Copper Basin in neighboring Polk County in the 1840s, headquarters for mining operations were established in Cleveland by Julius Eckhardt Raht , a German-born businessman and engineer. Copper was delivered from the basin to Cleveland by wagon, where it
783-625: A small retail chain in St. Louis, and the Washington, D.C.–based upscale retailer Raleigh's . In February 1989 the company also added the Biltwell Company, a clothing manufacturer. By 1992, the company experienced continuing losses and divested itself of all retail outlets, except the Kuppenheimer chain. The company sold its 91-store Kuppenheimer unit and two tailored clothing factories in 1995. The 1990s
870-568: A turtleneck sweater and a collarless Nehru jacket . Because of the overwhelming popularity of the style, Hart Schaffner & Marx entered into an agreement to market a new casual line of suits under the Johnny Carson name and later, under the Bobby Jones and Jack Nicklaus brands. Hart Schaffner & Marx introduced the Austin Reed brand name during the 1960s. In 1974 the company rolled out
957-675: Is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area . Cleveland is the seventeenth-largest city in Tennessee and has the fifth-largest industrial economy, having thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers. For thousands of years before European encounter, this area was occupied by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples. Peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture , beginning about 900–1000 CE, established numerous villages along
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#17328551912971044-579: The 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment , arrived in Cleveland. Additional Union troops arrived in the area in the summer of 1864, and between May and October 1864 a Union artillery unit was stationed downtown, with headquarters established at the home of Julius Eckhardt Raht. During this time as many as 20,000 Union troops at a time camped in the fields surrounding the house in preparation for Sherman's Atlanta Campaign . Union troops also established two forts, Fort McPherson and Fort Sedgewick, located at Hillcrest Memorial Gardens and Fort Hill Cemetery, respectively, on
1131-715: The Appalachian Mountains (specifically part of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians ) that run approximately north-northeast through the area. Mouse Creek and Blue Springs Ridge have significantly lower elevations within the city of Cleveland than elsewhere in Bradley County, which historically made the area easier to settle. Several streams run in the valleys between the ridges including Candies Creek, located west of Clingan Ridge, and South Mouse Creek, between Mouse Creek and Lead Mine Ridge. Elevations in
1218-617: The Charleston Cumberland Presbyterian Church , also in Charleston, which was used by Confederate forces as a hospital; and the Blue Springs Encampments and Fortifications in southern Bradley County, where Union troops under the command of General Sherman camped on numerous occasions between October 1863 and the end of the war. Troops under the command of Sherman also reportedly camped in 1863 near Tasso ,
1305-734: The Chickamauga Lake impoundment of the Tennessee River . The Hiwassee River , which flows down out of the mountains and forms the northern boundary of Bradley County, empties into the Tennessee a few miles northwest of Cleveland. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city had a total land area of 26.9 square miles (69.7 km ) in 2010. The area's terrain is made up of parallel ridges, including Candies Creek Ridge (also called Clingan Ridge), Mouse Creek/Lead Mine Ridge, and Blue Springs Ridge, which are extensions of
1392-542: The Cleveland Woolen Mills in 1880, and the Cleveland Chair Company in 1884. By 1890, this industrialization helped the city support nine physicians, twelve attorneys, eleven general stores, fourteen grocery stores, three drug stores, three hardware stores, six butcher shops, two hatmakers, two hotels, a shoe store, and seven saloons. Reflecting industrial prosperity, the city's iconic Craigmiles Hall
1479-524: The Great Depression as a cottage industry, with much of the sewing done in the homes of workers. Despite the poor economy, Hardwick Mills continued to grow during the 1930s. After the New Deal introduced labor laws regulating working hours, production moved back into the factory. For the first half of the 20th century, Hardwick Mills was one of the largest manufacturers of wool fabric and men's clothing in
1566-539: The Second Great Migration , and the number of blacks in Cleveland actually declined between 1940 and 1970, while the city's overall population nearly doubled during this time. During this time and afterwards, Cleveland became one of the largest manufacturing hubs in the Southeastern United States, and this economic expansion continued into the 21st century, with additional major factories locating to
1653-671: The business district and consists of private businesses and government office buildings including the Bradley County Courthouse and Courthouse Annex , Cleveland Municipal Building, Cleveland Police and Fire department headquarters, and various other government buildings, primarily the offices of city and county departments. The surrounding residential areas, including the Stuart Heights, Ocoee Street, Centenary Avenue, and Annadale neighborhoods, are sometimes considered part of downtown Cleveland. Northern Cleveland has developed as
1740-465: The 21st century Hardwick expanded its base of specialty-store retailers with catalog and department store accounts. Its domestic clothing production has enabled the company to land contracts with organizations as diverse as the U.S. military and Major League Baseball umpires. In 2001, the old Hardwick Woolen Mills factory was listed in the National Register of Historic Places . In 2013, due to
1827-687: The Cherokee ceded the land directly north of present-day Bradley County (and north of the Hiwassee River ) to the U.S. government in the Calhoun Treaty. In 1821 the Cherokee Agency—the official liaison between the U.S. government and the Cherokee Nation—was moved to the south bank of the Hiwassee River in present-day Charleston , a few miles north of what is now Cleveland. The Indian agent
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#17328551912971914-624: The Pusser's of the West Indies line of nautical and tropical sportswear and outerwear in 1998; and in December 1998; Coppley, Noyes and Randall Limited, a leading Canadian maker of men's tailored clothing. In August of the following year, the company acquired Royal Shirt Company, a Canadian maker of women's and men's dress and sports shirts. The label enjoyed considerable publicity during the 2008 Presidential campaign when then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama wore
2001-576: The South. During the 1870s, Cleveland had a growth spurt, and became one of the first cities in Tennessee to begin to develop industry. Raht, who had fled to Cincinnati, Ohio during the Civil War, returned to Cleveland in 1866 and reopened the copper mines. By 1878 it produced a total of 24 million pounds of copper. Numerous factories were also established, including the Hardwick Stove Company in 1879,
2088-740: The West, where they were known as Old Settlers until reunification of the Nation. It operated there until the Cherokee removal in 1838, part of the larger forced migration of Cherokee to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma ). This became known as the Trail of Tears . The former Cherokee seat is now preserved within Red Clay State Park . The removal was initiated by the Treaty of New Echota on December 29, 1835, although
2175-480: The acquisition of clothing manufacturer Society Brand , a major manufacturing house in 1952. Hickey Freeman , a premier men's clothing brand and retailer of Rochester, New York , was acquired in 1964; Jaymar-Ruby and Kleinhans in 1967. In 1969, M. Wile manufacturer of Buffalo, New York . After these major acquisitions, an antitrust suit against the company led to a consent degree barring any further acquisitions, without court approval, for ten years. A year before
2262-549: The agreement expired, the company acquired Intercontinental Apparel, U.S. licensee of the Pierre Cardin brand. After acquiring Bishop's men's shops, the company expanded into women's clothing, with the 1981 acquisition of the Country Miss chain. The Kuppenheimer Manufacturing Company , retailer of inexpensive suits with 41 retail outlets, was acquired in 1982, for $ 25.8 million (~$ 68.9 million in 2023). On November 1, 1982,
2349-452: The area in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1966 the Church of God of Prophecy , based in Cleveland, established Tomlinson College north of town, which remained in operation until 1992, when it closed. That same year Cleveland High School was established and schools in Cleveland and Bradley County were integrated . Cleveland State Community College was established in 1967. In the 1970s and 1980s,
2436-513: The area now occupied by Cleveland and Bradley County were most likely a 1540 expedition through the interior led by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto . Based on their chronicles, they are believed to have camped along Candies Creek in the western part of present-day Cleveland on June 2, 1540. They encountered some chiefdoms of the Mississippian culture in other areas of South and North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia. Some writers have suggested that
2523-677: The area, and the city entered a period of rapid industrial and economic growth as part of the Post–World War II economic expansion . Major factories constructed in the city during this time included American Uniform Company in 1949, Peerless Woolen Mills in 1955, Mallory Battery in 1961, Olin Corporation near Charleston in 1962, and Bendix Corporation in 1964, as well as a Bowater paper mill in nearby Calhoun in 1954. Despite this massive growth in employment, many African American residents of Cleveland and Bradley County moved away as part of
2610-501: The area, burned the railroad bridge over the Hiwassee a second time, and destroyed the copper rolling mill, which Confederate forces had been using to manufacture artillery shells, percussion caps, and other weaponry. This would prove to be a major blow to the entire Confederate army, as approximately 90% of their copper came from the Ducktown mines. The next day Long's troops were attacked by
2697-509: The area. The most deadly event in Bradley County during the Civil War was a train wreck near the Black Fox community, a few miles south of Cleveland, that killed 270 Confederate soldiers. Some significant Civil War locations in Bradley County include the Henegar House in Charleston, in which both Union and Confederate generals, including William Tecumseh Sherman , used as brief headquarters;
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2784-404: The average family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 15.4% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males. The median income for a household in the city
2871-417: The average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.83% under the age of 18, 63.35% ages 18 to 64, and 14.83% over the age of 65. The gender makeup was 52.4% female and 47.6% male. The median female age was 36.5 and the median male age was 32.9 The median income for a household in the city was $ 36,270, and the median income for a family was $ 47,104. The per capita income for
2958-468: The brand extensively, including suits tailored especially for his acceptance speech and the 2009 Presidential Inaugural Address. Obama expressed a personal affinity for the brand, based in his hometown Chicago. The company and its United States subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy on January 23, 2009. At the time, the company said its Canadian and other non-U.S. affiliates had not sought bankruptcy protection. Workers threatened to occupy Hartmarx's plant if
3045-407: The brand. The company also announced it will be flying over its factory the original 38-star American flag from 1880, the year it was founded. Jones told the media in 2015 that he would help the stable southern workforce at Hardwick to reach new levels of productivity by purchasing state-of-the-art German and Italian automation technology. Jones said the addition of the technology would make Hardwick
3132-601: The buildings in today's downtown area, now designated as the Cleveland Commercial Historic District , as well as those in the nearby Ocoee Street and Centenary Avenue historic districts, were constructed between 1880 and 1915. In 1911 the local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy erected a monument at the intersection of Ocoee, Broad, and 8th streets. This monument was reportedly
3219-409: The business and a cousin, Joseph Schaffner (1848–1918) joined the firm and it was renamed Hart, Schaffner & Marx. During its earliest years, the company produced work clothes sold in its own store and through other retailers in the U.S. South and Midwest. On the strength of wholesale production, Hart, Abt & Marx won contracts to produce clothing for the U.S. military . Sometime after 1880, as
3306-479: The city gained a national reputation for the crime of odometer fraud after 40 people in Bradley County, including multiple owners of car dealerships, were sent to federal prison for the crime. Cleveland was the subject of a November 1983 60 Minutes episode about this crime. The city came to be known as the "Odometer Rollback Capital of the World" to some. Beginning in the 1950s, the city began to gradually expand to
3393-505: The city range from just under 700 feet (210 m) to nearly 1,200 feet (370 m). The Tennessee Valley Divide , the boundary of the Tennessee Valley and Mobile River drainage basins, is located on the southern and eastern fringes of the city, and has prevented the city limits from expanding beyond this point in most locations. Downtown Cleveland, which roughly coexists with the Cleveland Commercial Historic District , encompasses
3480-459: The city was $ 21,576. About 15.0% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.5% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over. Hart Schaffner Marx Hart Schaffner Marx is an American manufacturer of ready-to-wear menswear owned by New York City –based Authentic Brands Group . With origins dating to a family business in 1872 Chicago and incorporated in 1911 as "Hart Schaffner & Marx",
3567-448: The city's form of government was changed from mayor-aldermen to city commission . Bob Jones College , a non-denominational Christian college, relocated to Cleveland in 1933 from Panama City, Florida , where it remained until 1947, when it moved to Greenville, South Carolina . The Reverend Billy Graham attended Bob Jones College in Cleveland for one year beginning in 1936. Following World War II, several major industries located to
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3654-481: The city, and on March 15, 1882, they voted overwhelmingly in favor of recharter. The first city elections under the new charter took place on May 20, 1882. Public amenities were developed in the late 19th century: A mule-drawn trolley system was founded in 1886, and the city received telephone service in 1888. In 1895 the city received electricity and public water. During this period, Cleveland's population more than doubled, from 1,812 in 1880 to 3,643 in 1900. Many of
3741-538: The city. These include: Since 1908, 28 tornadoes have been documented in the Cleveland area, seven of which struck on April 27, 2011 . Cleveland is the principal city of the Cleveland Metropolitan Statistical Area , a metropolitan area that covers Bradley and Polk counties and had a combined population of 115,788 at the 2010 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 37,192 people, 15,037 households, and 9,518 families residing in
3828-553: The city. In 2020, the city completed construction of a public park at the site of Taylor Spring , where the first settlement that became Cleveland was founded. Cleveland is located in southeast Tennessee in the center of Bradley County in the Great Appalachian Valley , situated among a series of low hills and ridges roughly 15 miles (24 km) west of the Blue Ridge Mountains and 15 miles (24 km) east of
3915-446: The city. The population density was 1,490.9 inhabitants per square mile (575.6/km ). There were 16,431 housing units at an average density of 658.7 units per square mile (254.3 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 89.00% White , 7.01% African American , 0.23% Native American , 0.97% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 1.29% from other races , and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.87% of
4002-419: The city. The population density was 1,535.3 inhabitants per square mile (592.8/km ). There were 17,841 housing units at an average density of 663.5 units per square mile (256.2 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 87.10% White , 7.39% African American , 0.40% Native American , 1.53% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.52% of
4089-408: The clothing company, while his son Joseph ran the family's other company, Hardwick Stove. The company achieved early success from weaving "jean cloth," a blend (76% wool , 24% cotton ) that was crafted into a popular product known as "Dollar Pants." Over the years, the company added modern machinery, and eventually Cleveland Woolen Mills evolved into a manufacturing plant, as well as a mill. In 1925,
4176-497: The company changed its name to Hartmarx Corporation , with the new parent company acting as a holding company for various subsidiaries. The company acquired Briar Neckwear in July 1985 and in December 1986 acquired the casual suit jacket manufacturer H. Ortisky. The following year Hart Schaffner & Marx took over the nine-store Detroit retail chain Anton's, and in 1988 purchased Boyd's,
4263-573: The company is now located in Des Plaines, Illinois . Hart Schaffner Marx's origins date to 1872 when brothers Harry and Max Hart opened a small men's clothing store on Chicago 's State Street called "The Great Globe One-Price Clothier," with proprietors advertised as Harry Hart & Bro. In 1879, the Harts' brothers-in-law, Levi Abt and Marcus Marx, joined the partnership, which was then renamed Hart, Abt & Marx . Eight years later, Marx and Abt left
4350-688: The company ran its own ads in U.S. mass-audience magazines including The Youth's Companion , Century , Saturday Evening Post , and Ladies' Home Journal . Starting in the early 1890s, Hart, Schaffner & Marx commissioned well-known illustrators to create artwork for its advertisements, style books, direct mail literature, and retail posters. These illustrators included Henry Benjamin Wechsler , J. C. Leyendecker , Samuel Nelson Abbott , Edward Penfield , Herbert Paus , Leon Gordon , and John Sheridan . The company's advertising and marketing materials often depicted young, fashionable, college-aged men who were
4437-583: The company was affected by the Chicago garment workers' strike , also known as the Hart, Schaffner, and Marx strike, which led to improved conditions for workers, the first union contract with an arbitration provision, and the founding of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America . On May 10, 1911, after years of steady growth, the partnership was incorporated. During World War I , the company introduced
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#17328551912974524-464: The company's wholesale business began to grow overtaking retail operations, its Chicago retail store was closed Gradually in the 1880s and 1890s, the company began to specialize in better-quality men's suits, overcoats, raincoats, and trousers sold at wholesale to retail clothiers, first in the states surrounding its Chicago Hub, then gradually nationwide. As early as spring 1893, the company advertised suit sizes for "stout" and "slim" men. In 1910
4611-472: The company's creditor, Wells Fargo Bank , attempted to lay off workers and liquidate the company's assets. On June 22, 2009, Hartmarx Corp. received five bids for its assets in its bankruptcy proceedings. Bidders included Emerisque/ SKNL North America, Affliction Clothing Co., Perry Ellis , and Versa Capital Management. In August 2009, Emerisque Brands UK and its partner SKNL North America completed their purchase of Hartmarx. Hart Schaffner & Marx became
4698-557: The company's history. Bellusci worked at Hart Schaffner Marx for 34 years, serving as executive vice president since 2006. Bellusci made several notable hires within his first few months, including several salesmen and the VP of Technical Design, Jeffery Diduch, from the Hart Schaffner Marx organization. Diduch now serves as Hardwick Clothes Chief Creative Officer where he oversees all design, technical development, and creative direction for
4785-499: The company's target audience beginning in the 1890s. The Hart, Schaffner & Marx brand name and identity dates back to the company's advertising and marketing efforts in the early 1890s. One of its major goals was the creation and promotion of the "H. S. & M" trademarked clothing label—a black rectangle with the letters "H. S. & M" in white, gothic script—and brand. In 1966 television host Johnny Carson walked on stage to deliver his nightly Tonight Show monologue wearing
4872-402: The county was required to meet in nearby Chatata Valley until a site was chosen for the county seat. By a one-vote majority on May 2, 1836, the commissioners chose "Taylor's Place," the home of Andrew Taylor, as the county seat, due largely to the site's excellent water sources. Taylor, who had married a Cherokee woman and constructed a log cabin on the site next to a spring , had been given
4959-462: The courthouse square in April 1861, where it remained until June 1862, when it was removed by Confederate forces from Mississippi. Confederate forces also seized control of the copper mines in the Ducktown basin and the rolling mill in Cleveland owned by Raht. Throughout the war both Union and Confederate troops would pass through Cleveland en route to other locations, which led to many brief skirmishes in
5046-590: The de Soto expedition was preceded by a party of Welshmen, but there is no supporting evidence and historians consider this unlikely. During and after the American Revolutionary War , more European Americans entered this area seeking land. They came into increasing conflict with the Cherokee, who occupied this territory. The Cherokee had tolerated traders but resisted settlers who tried to take over their territory and competed for resources. Because of being defeated in repeated attacks by Americans, in 1819
5133-621: The first of its kind in East Tennessee. In 1914, the Grand Army of the Republic placed a monument in honor of Union soldiers from Bradley County in Fort Hill Cemetery. In 1918, the Church of God , a Christian denomination headquartered in Cleveland, established a Bible school that would develop as Lee University . Cleveland's Chamber of Commerce was established in 1925. On March 21, 1931,
5220-444: The first time, began to advertise . Hardwick soon became a leader in the market for blazers, boasting one of the largest in-stock blazer programs in the industry. In 1974, Hardwick Clothes moved from its original factory on Church Street to a modern 175,000-sq.-ft. manufacturing plant on the north side of Cleveland. The new facility allowed the company to modernize its equipment to remain competitive against overseas competition . In
5307-412: The first tropical worsted suits and the company's facilities were used to produce uniforms. In 1926, the company expanded retail operations by acquiring Wallach's, a large New York City –based clothing chain, followed by Chicago retail clothier Baskin the following year. The company produced uniforms for the military during World War II . During the 1950s and 1960s, the company continued to expand with
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#17328551912975394-954: The flagship brand of HMX Group , a holding company . HMX sold most of its assets to the New York–based Authentic Brands Group in 2012 for an undisclosed price following Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. During the COVID-19 pandemic , the Hart Schaffner Marx plant in Des Plaines was closed and 300 workers were furloughed. When it reopened, workers sewed thousands of face masks for essential workers. Hart, Schaffner & Marx pioneered nationwide newspaper advertising for ready-made men's clothing, stylebooks and other "point-of-purchase" sales and marketing materials, and naturally posed models in menswear advertising illustrations. The Hart, Schaffner & Marx name appears in dealer newspaper ads as early as 1889, with language suggesting its name and goods were well-known and respected in
5481-473: The highest points of the ridge south of downtown. They successfully repelled an attempted raid by Confederate Gen. Joseph Wheeler on August 17, 1864. Most of the Union troops stationed in Bradley County left in the summer of 1864 as part of the Atlanta campaign. From this point, Confederate sympathizers conducted guerrilla attacks against Unionist families in Cleveland and surrounding areas, continuing until after
5568-787: The location for most of the city's retail shops and private interests. In addition, it is a major residential division, made up of Burlington Heights, Fairview, and Sequoia Grove neighborhoods, and a few major industries. A large industrial area is also located in the northeastern part of the city. The western part of the city is almost entirely residential. Much of it is an extension of the city limits westward to encompass populous middle to upper-class neighborhoods including Hopewell Estates and Rolling Hills. East and South Cleveland consist of lower class residential and industrial areas. People living in East Cleveland tend to be less privileged. Several neighborhoods and communities are located within
5655-656: The majority of Cherokee leaders had not approved it. In the Spring of 1838, removal operations by the US military began. Headquarters for the removal were established at Fort Cass in Charleston. In preparation, thousands of Cherokees were rounded up and held in internment camps located between Cleveland and Charleston. Two of the largest were at Rattlesnake Springs . Blythe Ferry , about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Cleveland in Meigs County ,
5742-507: The most modern sewing operation of its kind in the United States. On December 15, 2019, Puerto Rican Industries for the Blind acquired Hardwick Clothes. Cleveland, Tennessee Cleveland is the county seat of, and largest city in, Bradley County, Tennessee . The population was 47,356 at the 2020 census . It is the principal city of the Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee (consisting of Bradley and neighboring Polk County ), which
5829-400: The name was changed to Hardwick Woolen Mills. By the 1920s Hardwick Woolen Mills had expanded its operations, weaving the wool yarn and tailoring finished garments in the same factory. The integrated operation reflected the company motto: "From the sheep's back to the clothing rack." Among the many garments produced were men's suits , overcoats, knickers and boys' wear. Hardwick Mills survived
5916-509: The north as a result of most residential and industrial growth taking place there, but prior to 1987, the city limits of Cleveland did not extend west of Candies Creek Ridge . In 1988, the city began annexing large numbers of adjacent neighborhoods and industrial areas north, northeast, and northwest of the city. These major annexations continued until the late 1990s, and led to the city's land area increasing in size from approximately 18 square miles in 1989 to about 29.5 square miles in 2000. As
6003-410: The population. There were 15,037 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and
6090-410: The population. There were 16,107 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and
6177-586: The river valleys and tributaries. In the more influential villages, they built a single, large earthen platform mound , sometimes surmounted by a temple or elite residence, which was an expression of their religious and political system. This area was later part of a large territory occupied by the Cherokee Nation , an Iroquoian-speaking people believed to have migrated south from the Great Lakes area, where other Iroquoian tribes arose. Their public architecture
6264-484: The sale, Jones told the media, "Since that first day, the company has survived two major fires, two World Wars, the Great Depression, leisure suits, NAFTA and – worst of all – making us watch China manufacture our Olympic team's blazers." Jones also launched a new website for the company—Hardwick.com. In July 2014, Bruce Bellusci was named the new CEO/President, becoming the ninth CEO/President of Hardwick Clothes in
6351-401: The struggling economy, Hardwick Clothes faced problems with creditors and an underfunded pension plan that covers more than 600 employees and retirees. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation had demanded a payment of more than $ 7 million that coincided with the company's discontinuation of its pension plan due to a slowing of the marketplace. The payment was expected within days after the notice
6438-573: The taking and holding of Richmond ." The railroad bridge over the Hiwassee River to the north was among those destroyed by the East Tennessee bridge-burning conspiracy in November 1861. On November 25, 1863, during the Battle of Missionary Ridge in Chattanooga, a group of 1,500 Union cavalrymen led by Col. Eli Long arrived in Cleveland. Over the next two days they destroyed twelve miles of railroad in
6525-582: The trade. Beginning in fall 1894, dealers that carried the company's clothes ran illustrated newspaper ads throughout the Midwest and Plains states. Similarities in the illustrations and copy of these ads suggests the company provided dealers with locally-customizable printing plates and sample ad copy. Between 1895 and 1900, the company produced a fashion magazine/style book titled Art in Dress distributed via dealers and by mail directly to consumers. Beginning in 1898,
6612-469: The war was over. Members of the Army of Tennessee attempted to destroy a passing Union train near Tasso in the spring of 1864, which instead resulted in the destruction of a Confederate train. The Civil War resulted in much damage to Cleveland and Bradley County, and much of the area was left in ruins. Despite the devastation of the Civil War, Cleveland recovered quickly and much more rapidly than many cities in
6699-423: The world. During World War II , Hardwick Mills manufactured uniforms for the military . After the war, the demand for wool decreased with the introduction of synthetic fabrics. In the 1950s, Hardwick Mills sold its woolen operations to focus on the men's tailored clothing market. During this time, the company rebranded itself as Hardwick Clothes, Inc. The company also ended its status as a private label and, for
6786-565: Was Colonel Return J. Meigs . By the 1830s, white settlers had begun to move rapidly into this area in anticipation of a forced relocation of the Cherokee and other Southeast tribes. Congress had passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, under President Andrew Jackson 's direction. In 1832, the Cherokee moved the seat of their government to the Red Clay Council Grounds in southern Bradley County. Some Cherokee had already moved to
6873-437: Was $ 30,098, and the median income for a family was $ 40,150. Males had a median income of $ 30,763 versus $ 21,480 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,316. About 11.3% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 41,285 people, 16,107 households, and 10,063 families residing in
6960-411: Was a period of offshoring of production facilities to control costs. During that period, Hart, Schaffner & MArx closed ten domestic factories and shifted production to China, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Expansion continued in this period with the acquisition in late 1996 of bankrupt Plaid Clothing Group, Inc., a maker and marketer of men's tailored suits, sportcoats, and slacks; Pusser's Ltd., including
7047-501: Was also an important site during the Cherokee removal. The legislative act on February 10, 1836, that created Bradley County, which was named for Colonel Edward Bradley of Shelby County, Tennessee , authorized the establishment of a county seat. It was to be named "Cleveland" after Colonel Benjamin Cleveland , a commander at the Battle of Kings Mountain during the American Revolution. The legislative body appointed to govern
7134-547: Was constructed in 1878 as an opera house and meeting hall. It is regarded as the city's most famous landmark and is one of Tennessee's most photographed buildings. Behind Craigmiles Hall is a reconstructed bandstand, first built in 1920. The reconstruction was built in 2005 by the Allan Jones Foundation, based on the 1920 blueprints. The city failed to renew its charter in 1879, with the result that it disincorporated on January 1, 1880. Residents worked to reincorporate
7221-400: Was known as the townhouse , a large structure designed for the community to gather together. In some cases, these were built on top of existing mounds; in others the townhouse would front on a broad plaza. Their territory encompassed areas of Western North Carolina , western South Carolina , southeastern Tennessee, northeastern Georgia , and northern Alabama . The first Europeans to reach
7308-501: Was loaded onto trains. The city's first bank, the Ocoee Bank, was established in 1854. While bitterly divided over the issue of secession on the eve of the Civil War, Cleveland, like Bradley County and most of East Tennessee, voted against Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession in June 1861. The results of the countywide vote were 1,382 to 507 in favor of remaining in the Union. Bradley County
7395-546: Was positioned within the popular-priced segment and the former resided within the moderate sector. The Tommy Hilfiger line was also introduced as business casual wear. In 1996, with the acquisition of Plaid Clothing Group, Inc., brands including Burberry , Liz Claiborne , Evan-Picone, Palm Beach, and Brannoch were added to the Hartmarx stable. In July 2016, David Hart created a capsule collection for Hart Schaffner Marx Men's RTW Spring 2017 named Hart by Hart. The collection
7482-420: Was received by Hardwick, causing the company to file for bankruptcy protection. In March 2014, Cleveland businessman W. Allan Jones made a $ 1.9 million offer to purchase the company, and on June 19, 2014, the sale was completed. Jones owns a number of consumer financial services companies, such as Check Into Cash , Loan by Phone, U.S. Money Shops, Buy Here Pay Here USA, and LendingFrog.com. Upon completion of
7569-524: Was represented by Richard M. Edwards and J.G. Brown at the 1861 East Tennessee Convention in Greeneville , an unsuccessful attempt to allow East Tennessee to split from the state and remain part of the Union. Cleveland and Bradley County were occupied by the Confederate Army from June 1861 until the fall of 1863. Despite this occupation, locals remained loyal to the Union, and placed a Union flag in
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