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45-521: The forum encourages partnerships and collaboration between the private sector , public sector , and non-governmental organizations , and convenes individuals and energy organisations to collaborate and fast-track the implementation of clean energy technologies. Globally, CEM member governments account for 90% of clean power and 80% of clean energy investments, and large proportion of public R&D in clean energy technologies. The forum operates through two interrelated features The CEM work programme spans

90-546: A technology R&D ministerial forum, is co-located with the CEM meetings. CEM Initiatives are the sustained collaborative efforts established and led by CEM Members to advance clean energy policy and technology. A minimum of three members are required to participate in the work of the Initiatives may take a wide variety of forms, based on the interests of Members. While CEM initiatives are led by CEM members, participation in initiatives

135-812: Is coordinated by an independent multilateral Secretariat housed at the International Energy Agency in Paris since 2016. The CEM is a partnership of the world's leading economies working together to accelerate the implementation of clean energy technologies. It supports a broad range of clean energy policy and technology activities that together improve energy efficiency, expand clean energy supply, support energy systems transformation, and enhance human capacity. The CEM pairs political engagement among energy ministers at an annual Ministerial meeting with year-round technical initiatives and campaigns. The annual Ministerial meetings are hosted by one or more CEM members, with

180-504: Is focused on a particular energy challenge. Two of the eight hubs are included in the EERE budget and will focus on integrating smart materials, designs, and systems into buildings to better conserve energy and on designing and discovering new concepts and materials needed to convert solar energy into electricity. Another two hubs, included in the DOE Office of Science budget, were created to tackle

225-501: Is housed in UNIDO's headquarters in Vienna, Austria As of March 2023, there were 21 CEM initiatives and campaigns. Past initiatives include: Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit , rather than being owned by the government . The private sector employs most of

270-401: Is open to any country. Participation across all CEM initiatives is voluntary and commitments are non-binding for participating members. Initiatives primarily target governmental participation but may include private-sector participation. In addition to the sustained, long term collaborative efforts in the form of CEM initiatives, the platform also offers a set of Campaigns which are aimed to raise

315-446: Is wider, and the state places fewer constraints on firms. In countries with more government authority, such as China , the public sector makes up most of the economy. States legally regulate the private sector. Businesses operating within a country must comply with the laws in that country. In some cases, usually involving multinational corporations that can pick and choose their suppliers and locations based on their perception of

360-561: The Code of Federal Regulations , in Title 10: Energy : The official seal of the Department of Energy "includes a green shield bisected by a gold-colored lightning bolt, on which is emblazoned a gold-colored symbolic sun , atom , oil derrick , windmill , and dynamo . It is crested by the white head of an eagle , atop a white rope. Both appear on a blue field surrounded by concentric circles in which

405-669: The Department of Energy Organization Act , which established the Department of Energy. The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the Federal Energy Administration , the Energy Research and Development Administration , the Federal Power Commission , and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger , who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during

450-477: The Vietnam War , was appointed as the first secretary. President Carter proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels . With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This

495-647: The atomic bomb under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . After the war, in 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was created to control the future of the project. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also created the framework for the first National Laboratories . Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Cincinnati, Ohio . The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 split

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540-568: The earth itself, and gold represents the creation of energy in the release of natural forces. By invoking this symbolism , the color scheme represents the Nation's commitment to meet its energy needs in a manner consistent with the preservation of the natural environment ." The Department of Energy operates a system of national laboratories and technical facilities for research and development, as follows: Other major DOE facilities include: Airstrip: The DOE/ NNSA has federal responsibility for

585-696: The president of the United States and is a member of the Cabinet . The current secretary of energy is Jennifer Granholm , who has served in the position since February 2021. The department's headquarters are in southwestern Washington, D.C. , in the James V. Forrestal Building , with additional offices in Germantown, Maryland . In 1942, during World War II , the United States started the Manhattan Project to develop

630-592: The workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money, i.e. operate by capitalist standards. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group ) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are in the private sector. In free enterprise countries, such as the United States , the private sector

675-472: The DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases " and "employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued". In loan guarantees, a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before

720-454: The Department of Energy's handling of his case. Republican senators thought that an independent agency should be in charge of nuclear weapons and security issues, rather than the DOE. All but one of the 59 charges against Lee were eventually dropped because the investigation proved the plans the Chinese obtained could not have come from Lee. Lee filed suit and won a $ 1.6 million settlement against

765-650: The Empowering Society work stream. Initiatives are led by, and participated in, by CEM member governments. Coordination of the initiatives is typically carried out by organizations working on behalf of the governments as operating agents. For example, the Industrial Deep Decarbonisation Initiative (IDDI) is coordinated by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the secretariat

810-458: The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy would be lowered to $ 696 million under the plan, down from $ 1.3 billion in fiscal year 2017. Overall, the department's energy and related programs would be cut by $ 1.9 billion. Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) are contracts under which a contractor designs, constructs, and obtains the necessary financing for an energy savings project, and

855-518: The United States. United States Department of Energy The United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production , the research and development of nuclear power , the military's nuclear weapons program , nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy , energy-related research, and energy conservation . The DOE

900-548: The challenges of devising advanced methods of energy storage and creating fuels directly from sunlight without the use of plants or microbes. Yet another hub was made to develop "smart" materials to allow the electrical grid to adapt and respond to changing conditions. In 2012, the DOE awarded $ 120 million to the Ames Laboratory to start a new EIH, the Critical Materials Institute, which will focus on improving

945-770: The clean energy spectrum ( power , transport , buildings , industry, and creating an enabling policy environment), with topics ranging from scaling up of electric mobility to appliance efficiency , and variable renewable integration to clean hydrogen deployment . Member participation in these initiatives and campaigns is voluntary and collaborative. As of 2023, CEM members include Australia , Brazil , Canada , Chile , China , Denmark , European Commission , Finland , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , Korea , Mexico , Netherlands , New Zealand , Norway , Poland , Portugal , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Spain , Sweden , United Arab Emirates , United Kingdom and United States . CEM engagement

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990-526: The department. In December 1999, the FBI was investigating how China obtained plans for a specific nuclear device. Wen Ho Lee was accused of stealing nuclear secrets from Los Alamos National Laboratory for the People's Republic of China . Federal officials, including then-Energy Secretary Bill Richardson , publicly named Lee as a suspect before he was charged with a crime. The U.S. Congress held hearings to investigate

1035-470: The design, testing and production of all nuclear weapons. NNSA in turn uses contractors to carry out its responsibilities at the following government owned sites: On May 7, 2009 President Barack Obama unveiled a $ 26.4 billion budget request for DOE for fiscal year (FY) 2010, including $ 2.3 billion for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). That budget aimed to substantially expand

1080-429: The development of the technologies and their link to our future capabilities. The lightning bolt represents the power of the natural forces from which energy is derived and the Nation's challenge in harnessing the forces." "The color scheme is derived from nature, symbolizing both the source of energy and the support of man's existence. The blue field represents air and water , green represents mineral resources and

1125-525: The environment than the minimum that is legally required of them. There can be negative effects from the private sector. In the early 1980s, the Corrections Corporation of America pioneered the idea of running prisons for a profit. Today, corporate-run prisons hold eight percent of America's inmates. Since it is from the private sector, their main priority is not rehabilitation, but profit. This has resulted in many human rights violations across

1170-433: The federal agency makes payments over time to the contractor from the savings in the agency's utility bills. The contractor guarantees the energy improvements will generate savings, and after the contract ends, all continuing cost savings accrue to the federal agency. Energy Innovation Hubs are multi-disciplinary , meant to advance highly promising areas of energy science and technology from their early stages of research to

1215-572: The federal government and news agencies. The episode eventually led to the creation of the National Nuclear Security Administration , a semi-autonomous agency within the department. In 2001, American Solar Challenge was sponsored by the DOE and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory . After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship. Title XVII of Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes

1260-605: The formation of the CEM in 2010, the Secretariat was housed within the US Department of Energy . In 2016 at the 7th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM7) in San Francisco, CEM members agreed to launch an enhanced effort called “CEM 2.0” voting to increase the organization's effectiveness by creating an international and multilateral secretariat to support CEM activities. The Secretariat moved to the International Energy Agency in Paris in

1305-688: The hosting role rotating annually among the members based on voluntary expressions of interest. Members volunteering to host a Ministerial meeting also host a Preparatory Meeting for the preceding Ministerial Meeting. The meetings are thereafter organised by the host in coordination with the CEM's Steering Committee and Secretariat in alignment with the objectives of the CEM. Member countries propose, work on, and share leadership of CEM initiatives and campaigns that help them achieve their own national clean energy objectives. The underlying coordination support and analytical work of these initiatives and campaigns are undertaken by one or more operating agents appointed by

1350-494: The leading member governments shaping the work. The CEM Steering Committee provides ongoing high-level strategic guidance to all aspects of the work of the CEM guiding activities in alignment with the CEM's overall mission. Steering Committee members serve for two-year renewable terms with staggered rotation. In undertaking its functions, the Steering Committee is co-chaired by the hosts of the immediate past Ministerial and

1395-742: The level of ambition of global deployment targets of key clean energy solutions. Campaigns are short duration, lasting 2-3 years to garner the necessary political momentum on specific topics. While there are 29 CEM Member governments, there are currently an additional 26 other governments who participate in the various initiatives of the CEM. The initiatives and campaigns of the CEM span a wide range of topics, ranging from power system transformations to clean fuels, such as bioenergy and hydrogen, and energy demand sectors such as industry, transport and buildings. Other enablers of clean energy transition such as policy, clean energy finance. Gender equality and issues of just transition also feature as CEM initiatives under

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1440-662: The loan guarantee is completed. In September 2008, the DOE, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS), an international non-governmental organization designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening

1485-406: The name of the agency, in gold, appears on a green background." "The eagle represents the care in planning and the purposefulness of efforts required to respond to the Nation's increasing demands for energy . The sun , atom , oil derrick , windmill , and dynamo serve as representative technologies whose enhanced development can help meet these demands. The rope represents the cohesiveness in

1530-493: The point that the risk level will be low enough for industry to commercialize the technologies. The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) was the first DOE Energy Innovation Hub established in July 2010, for the purpose of providing advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) solutions for commercial nuclear reactors. The 2009 DOE budget includes $ 280 million to fund eight Energy Innovation Hubs, each of which

1575-474: The president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties. Excerpt from

1620-458: The regulatory environment, local state regulations have resulted in uneven practices within one company. For example, workers in one country may benefit from strong labour unions , while workers in another country have very weak laws supporting labour unions, even though they work for the same employer. In some cases, industries and individual businesses choose self-regulation by applying higher standards for dealing with their workers, customers, or

1665-431: The responsibilities of the AEC into the new Nuclear Regulatory Commission , which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the Energy Research and Development Administration , which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs. The 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law

1710-580: The same year. Christian Zinglersen was appointed the first Head of Secretariat in 2017. Zinglersen was replaced by Daniel Dorner in May 2020, who held the position until December 2022. The current head of secretariat is Jean-François Gagné. The CEM ministerial policy dialogue is the only regular meeting of energy ministers focused exclusively on clean energy. The host of the Ministerial meeting changes each year among member governments. Since 2016, Mission Innovation ,

1755-508: The security and safety of nuclear and radioactive materials and facilities. The department announced a reorganization with new names of under secretaries in 2022. The department is under the control and supervision of a United States Secretary of Energy , a political appointee of the President of the United States . The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a United States Deputy Secretary of Energy , also appointed by

1800-513: The stimulus spending was in the form of grants and contracts. For fiscal year 2013, each of the operating units of the Department of Energy operated with the following budgets: In March 2018, Energy Secretary Rick Perry testified to a Senate panel about the Trump administration's DOE budget request for fiscal year 2019. The budget request prioritized nuclear security while making large cuts to energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The proposal

1845-429: The upcoming meeting host member. They are assisted in conducting the proceedings by the Secretariat. As of 31 November 2022, the Steering Committee is composed of the United States , Chile , Canada , China , Denmark , European Commission , India (current hosts), Brazil (upcoming hosts), United Kingdom, Mexico , and Saudi Arabia . All CEM engagement is coordinated by an independent and multilateral secretariat. At

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1890-557: The use of renewable energy sources while improving energy transmission infrastructure. It also proposed significant investments in hybrids and plug-in hybrids , smart grid technologies, and scientific research and innovation. As part of the $ 789 billion economic stimulus package in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Congress provided Energy with an additional $ 38.3 billion for fiscal years 2009 and 2010, adding about 75 percent to Energy's annual budgets. Most of

1935-494: Was a $ 500 million increase in funds over fiscal year 2017. It "promotes innovations like a new Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) and gains for the Office of Fossil Energy. Investments would be made to strengthen the National Nuclear Security Administration and modernize the nuclear force, as well as in weapons activities and advanced computing." However, the budget for

1980-530: Was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation . With the Three Mile Island accident , Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Through the DOE, Carter was able to make changes within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission , including improving management and procedures, since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of

2025-481: Was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis . It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories . The DOE also directs research in genomics , with the Human Genome Project originating from a DOE initiative. The department is headed by the secretary of energy , who reports directly to

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