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28-458: Clayoquot / ˈ k l æ k w ɒ t / is an anglicization of the Nuu-chah-nulth language name "Tla-o-qui-aht", one of the indigenous tribes of the region so named. It may refer to: Clayoquot, British Columbia , historically also known as Port Cox, a community on Stubbs Island, just northwest of Tofino, British Columbia Clayoquot Sound and

56-583: A predicate . Affixes can be appended to those clauses to signify numerous grammatical categories , such as mood , aspect or tense . Aspects in Nuu-chah-nulth help specify an action's extension over time and its relation to other events. Up to 7 aspects can be distinguished: Where each "–" signifies the root. Tense can be marked using affixes (marked with a dash ) and clitics (marked with an equal sign ). Nuu-chah-nulth distinguishes near future and general future: The first two markings refer to

84-504: A century ago. The dictionary, however, is a subject of controversy, with a number of Nuu-chah-nulth elders questioning the author's right to disclose their language. Nuu-chah-nulth has 12 different dialects: Nuuchahnulth had a name for each place within their traditional territory. These are just a few still used to this day: A Ehattesaht iPhone app was released in January 2012. An online dictionary, phrasebook, and language learning portal

112-511: A general event that will take place in the future (similar to how the word will behaves in English) and the two other suffixes denote that something is expected to happen (compare to the English going to ). Past tense can be marked with the =mit clitic that can itself take different forms depending on the environment and speaker's dialect: Grammatical mood in Nuu-chah-nulth lets the speaker express

140-434: Is a possible realization of /a/ after a glottalized sonorant. In the environment of glottalized resonants as well as ejective and pharyngeal consonants, vowels can be "laryngealized" which often means creaky voice . In general, syllable weight determines stress placement; short vowels followed by non-glottalized consonants and long vowels are heavy. In sequences where there are no heavy syllables or only heavy syllables,

168-547: Is available at the First Voices Ehattesaht Nuchatlaht Community Portal. Uvular Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula , that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants . Uvulars may be stops , fricatives , nasals , trills , or approximants , though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the approximant, and

196-583: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nuu-chah-nulth language It is the first language of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast to have documentary written materials describing it. In the 1780s, Captains Vancouver , Quadra , and other European explorers and traders frequented Nootka Sound and the other Nuu-chah-nulth communities, making reports of their voyages. From 1803–1805 John R. Jewitt , an English blacksmith ,

224-483: Is difficult to account for. According to Vaux (1999), they possibly hold the features [+high], [-back], [-ATR], the last being the distinguishing feature from a palatalized velar consonant. The uvular trill [ʀ] is used in certain dialects (especially those associated with European capitals) of French , German , Dutch , Portuguese , Danish , Swedish and Norwegian , as well as sometimes in Modern Hebrew , for

252-465: Is found in Iranian Persian (and allophonicly in other varieties of Persian) and in some Northeast Caucasian languages , notably Tabasaran , and Pacific Northwest , such as Kwakʼwala . It may also occur as an allophone of another uvular consonant. In Kazakh , the voiced uvular stop is an allophone of the voiced uvular fricative after the velar nasal . The voiceless uvular fricative [χ]

280-555: Is similar to the voiceless velar fricative [x] , except that it is articulated near the uvula. It is found in Georgian, and instead of [x] in some dialects of German, Spanish , and colloquial Arabic , as well as in some Dutch varieties and in standard Afrikaans . Uvular flaps have been reported for Kube ( Trans–New Guinea ), Hamtai ( Angan family), and for the variety of Khmer spoken in Battambang province . The Enqi dialect of

308-592: The Bai language has an unusually complete series of uvular consonants consisting of the stops /q/, /qʰ/ and /ɢ/, the fricatives /χ/ and /ʁ/, and the nasal /ɴ/. All of these contrast with a corresponding velar consonant of the same manner of articulation. The existence of the uvular nasal is especially unusual, even more so than the existence of the voiced stop. The Tlingit language of the Alaska Panhandle has ten uvular consonants, all of which are voiceless obstruents: And

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336-601: The Caucasus mountains and northwestern North America, nearly every language has uvular stops and fricatives. Two uvular R phonemes are found in various languages in northwestern Europe, including French , some Occitan dialects, a majority of German dialects , some Dutch dialects , and Danish . Uvulars are almost unknown in the Indian subcontinent , but have been found in Malto and Kusunda natively. However, several languages spoken in

364-579: The Chinookan -speaking peoples of the lower Columbia River led to the foundations of the trade jargon that became known as Chinook. Nootkan words in Chinook Jargon include hiyu ("many"), from Nuu-chah-nulth for "ten", siah ("far"), from the Nuu-chah-nulth for "sky". A dictionary of the language, with some 7,500 entries, was created after 15 years of research. It is based on both work with current speakers and notes from linguist Edward Sapir , taken almost

392-838: The International Phonetic Alphabet are: English has no uvular consonants (at least in most major dialects), and they are largely unknown in the indigenous languages of Australia and the Pacific , though uvular consonants separate from velar consonants are believed to have existed in the Proto-Oceanic language and are attested in the modern Formosan languages of Taiwan , while a uvular approximant may occur in Arrernte . Uvular consonants are, however, found in many Middle-Eastern and African languages, most notably Arabic and Somali , and in native American languages . In parts of

420-488: The rhotic phoneme. In many of these it has a uvular fricative (either voiced [ʁ] or voiceless [χ] ) as an allophone when it follows one of the voiceless stops /p/ , /t/ , or /k/ at the end of a word, as in the French example maître [mɛtχ] , or even a uvular approximant [ʁ̞]. As with most trills, uvular trills are often reduced to a single contact, especially between vowels. Unlike other uvular consonants,

448-450: The velum , against or near the uvula. The most familiar use will doubtless be in the transliteration of Arabic place names such as Qatar and Iraq into English, though, since English lacks this sound, this is generally pronounced as [k] , the most similar sound that occurs in English. [qʼ] , the uvular ejective , is found in Ubykh , Tlingit , Cusco Quechua , and some others. In Georgian,

476-636: The 2016 census. The total included 280 speakers who reported the language as a mother tongue. The 35 consonants of Nuu-chah-nulth : The pharyngeal consonants developed from mergers of uvular sounds; /ħ/ derives from a merger of /χ/ and /χʷ/ (which are now comparatively rare) while /ʕ/ came about from a merger of /qʼ/ and /qʷʼ/ (which are now absent from the language). Nuu-chah-nulth vowels are influenced by surrounding consonants with certain "back" consonants conditioning lower, more back vowel allophones . The mid vowels [ɛː] and [ɔː] appear in vocative forms and in ceremonial expressions. [ə]

504-826: The Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations are the Hesquiaht and the Ahousaht) HMCS ; Clayoquot , a Canadian minesweeper sunk in World War II Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Clayoquot . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clayoquot&oldid=912829881 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

532-596: The associated region, including: the Clayoquot River Clayoqua 6 , an Indian Reserve at the mouth of that river Clayoquot Arm Provincial Park Clayoquot Plateau Provincial Park the Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations , a band government of the Nuu-chah-nulth peoples, incorporating a number of historical tribes including: the Tla-o-qui-aht people (the two other groups comprising

560-477: The attitude towards what they're saying and how did they get presented information. Nuu-chah-nulth's moods are: Not counting the articles, all moods take person endings that indicate the subject of the clause. The Nuu-chah-nulth language contributed much of the vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon . It is thought that oceanic commerce and exchanges between the Nuu-chah-nulth and other Southern Wakashan speakers with

588-408: The existence of this phoneme is debatable, since the general realization of the letter "ყ" is /χʼ/ . This is due to /qʰ/ merging with /χ/ and therefore /qʼ/ being influenced by this merger and becoming /χʼ/ . [ɢ] , the voiced equivalent of [q] , is much rarer. It is like the voiced velar stop [ɡ] , but articulated in the same uvular position as [q] . Few languages use this sound, but it

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616-404: The extinct Ubykh language of Turkey has twenty . In featural phonology , uvular consonants are most often considered to contrast with velar consonants in terms of being [–high] and [+back]. Prototypical uvulars also appear to be [-ATR]. Two variants can then be established. Since palatalized consonants are [-back], the appearance of palatalized uvulars in a few languages such as Ubykh

644-417: The first syllable is stressed. Nuu-chah-nulth has phonemic short and long vowels. Traditionally, a third class of vowels, known as "variable length" vowels, is recognized. These are vowels that are long when they are found within the first two syllables of a word, and short elsewhere. Nuu-chah nulth is a polysynthetic language with VSO word order . A clause in Nuu-chah-nulth must consist of at least

672-421: The northwest of the subcontinent have loaned uvular consonants from Arabic and even Persian , especially languages that were spoken in places that were under Muslim rule for long periods of time, such as Punjabi . The voiceless uvular stop is transcribed as [q] in both the IPA and X-SAMPA . It is pronounced somewhat like the voiceless velar stop [k] , but with the middle of the tongue further back on

700-657: The symbol for the voiced fricative is used instead. Uvular affricates can certainly be made but are rare: they occur in some southern High-German dialects, as well as in a few African and Native American languages. (Ejective uvular affricates occur as realizations of uvular stops in Lillooet , Kazakh , or as allophonic realizations of the ejective uvular fricative in Georgian .) Uvular consonants are typically incompatible with advanced tongue root , and they often cause retraction of neighboring vowels. The uvular consonants identified by

728-439: The uvular trill is articulated without a retraction of the tongue, and therefore doesn't lower neighboring high vowels the way uvular stops commonly do. Several other languages, including Inuktitut , Abkhaz , Uyghur and some varieties of Arabic , have a voiced uvular fricative but do not treat it as a rhotic consonant . However, Modern Hebrew and some modern varieties of Arabic also both have at least one uvular fricative that

756-411: Was held captive by chief Maquinna at Nootka Sound . He made an effort to learn the language, and in 1815 published a memoir with a brief glossary of its terms. The provenance of the term "Nuu-chah-nulth", meaning "along the outside [of Vancouver Island]" dates from the 1970s, when the various groups of speakers of this language joined together, disliking the term "Nootka" (which means "go around" and

784-404: Was mistakenly understood to be the name of a place, which was actually called Yuquot ). The name given by earlier sources for this language is Tahkaht ; that name was used also to refer to themselves (the root aht means "people"). Using data from the 2021 census, Statistics Canada reported that 665 individuals could conduct a conversation in Nuu-chah-nulth. This represents a 23% increase over

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