27-456: Claude Louis Berthollet ( French pronunciation: [klod lwi bɛʁtɔlɛ] , 9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822) was a Savoyard -French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804. He is known for his scientific contributions to the theory of chemical equilibria via the mechanism of reverse chemical reactions, and for his contribution to modern chemical nomenclature. On
54-729: A city council with 202 members. The number of members in each commune delegate depends upon its population. The Mayor is Jean-Luc Rigaut ( UDI ) since 2007. The intercommunality of Annecy, Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Annecy , includes 34 municipalities. The Fier forms part of the commune's northwestern border. The surrounding mountains are Mont Veyrier , Mont Semnoz , La Tournette and Parmelan. Annecy has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb) despite its relatively far inland position. Influenced by its elevation, summers are rather moderate on average, although they can be highly variable with extreme heat spikes. Winters see occasional freezing temperatures, but temperatures most often stay in
81-403: A "celebrated" bell foundry at Annecy-le-Vieux. Companies located in and around Annecy include: The Gare d'Annecy railway station offers connections with Lyon, Geneva, Paris, Grenoble and several regional destinations. Annecy – Haute-Savoie – Mont Blanc Airport currently used for private air transport only. Annecy is twinned with: Together with other Alpine towns Annecy engages in
108-406: A fixed ratio of their constituent elements irrespective of the methods of production, Berthollet believed that this ratio can change according to the ratio of the reactants initially taken. Although Proust proved his theory by accurate measurements, his theory was not immediately accepted partially due to Berthollet's authority. His law was finally accepted when Berzelius confirmed it in 1811, but it
135-505: A modern bleaching liquid in 1789 in his laboratory on the quay Javel in Paris , France, by passing chlorine gas through a solution of sodium carbonate. The resulting liquid, known as " Eau de Javel " ("Javel water"), was a weak solution of sodium hypochlorite. Another strong chlorine oxidant and bleach which he investigated and was the first to produce, potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ), is known as Berthollet's Salt . Berthollet first determined
162-607: A practical basis, Berthollet was the first to demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine gas, and was first to develop a solution of sodium hypochlorite as a modern bleaching agent. Claude Louis Berthollet was born in Talloires , near Annecy , then part of the Duchy of Savoy , in 1749. He started his studies at Chambéry and then in Turin where he graduated in medicine. Berthollet's great new developments in works regarding chemistry made him, in
189-479: A short period of time, an active participant of the Academy of Science in 1780. Berthollet, along with Antoine Lavoisier and others, devised a chemical nomenclature, or a system of names, which serves as the basis of the modern system of naming chemical compounds. He also carried out research into dyes and bleaches , being first to introduce the use of chlorine gas as a commercial bleach in 1785. He first produced
216-641: Is the prefecture and largest city of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. It lies on the northern tip of Lake Annecy , 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Geneva , Switzerland. Nicknamed the "Pearl of the French Alps" in Raoul Blanchard 's monograph describing its location between lake and mountains, the town controls the northern entrance to
243-591: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1822. Claude-Louis Berthollet's 1788 publication entitled Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique , published with colleagues Antoine Lavoisier , Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau , and Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy , was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, presented at
270-670: The counts of Geneva 's dwelling in the 13th century, to the counts of Savoy 's in the 14th century, the city became Savoy 's capital in 1434 during the Genevois-Nemours prerogative until 1659. Its role increased in 1536, during the Calvinist Reformation in Geneva, while the bishop took refuge in Annecy. Saint Francis de Sales gave Annecy its advanced Catholic citadel role known as Counter-Reformation . The annexation of Savoy merged
297-558: The Académie des Sciences (Paris) in 2015. A French High School located in Annecy is named after him (Lycée Claude Louis Berthollet). Berthollet married Marie Marguerite Baur in 1788. Their son, Amédée-Barthélémy Berthollet, died in 1811 of carbon monoxide poisoning via charcoal-burning suicide in which he had recorded his physiological and psychological experiences as a final scientific contribution before losing consciousness and succumbing to
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#1732858474401324-533: The World Trail Running Championships in 2015. In the 19th century, the primary manufactures were linen and cotton goods , glass , cutlery , earthenware , and leather . The area also carried on linen bleaching and iron mining . By the First World War , it was connected by rail to Aix-les-Bains and there were factories for linen and cotton goods, felt hats , and paper , as well as
351-659: The advance of Calvinism , Annecy became a centre for the Counter-Reformation , the old Bishopric of Geneva being transferred to it in 1535. Francis of Sales was born in Sales, France in 1567 and served as bishop of Annecy from 1602 to 1622; his relics are preserved in the cathedral. During the French Revolution , the Savoy region was conquered by France. Annecy became attached to the department of Mont Blanc , whose capital
378-527: The city to France in 1860. Sometimes called "Venice of the Alps", this idyllic and touristic representation comes from the three canals and the Thiou river, which passes through the old city. The city experienced an industrial development in the 19th century with silk manufacturing. Some of its industrial legacy remains today with the headquarters of NTN-SNR bearings, Salomon , Entremont and Dassault Aviation . From
405-401: The elemental composition of the gas ammonia , in 1785. Berthollet was one of the first chemists to recognize the characteristics of a reverse reaction , and hence, chemical equilibrium . Berthollet was engaged in a long-term battle with another French chemist, Joseph Proust , on the validity of the law of definite proportions . While Proust believed that chemical compounds are composed of
432-534: The end of the 19th century, Annecy developed tourism around its lake summer facilities, winter resorts proximity and cultural attraction with its castle renovation and fine art museum opening in 1956 and the Animated Film Festival since 1963, hosted in Bonlieu's cultural centre. The municipal environmental policy managed to keep 40.3% of green spaces, and the city was awarded the "Golden Flower" in 2015, given to
459-735: The fumes. Berthollet was accused of being an atheist. He died in Arcueil , France in 1822. Savoyard state Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 386351024 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:34:34 GMT Annecy Annecy ( US : / ˌ æ n ə ˈ s iː , ɑː n ˈ s iː / AN -ə- SEE , ahn- SEE , French: [an(ə)si] ; Arpitan : Èneci , also Ènneci )
486-429: The lake and the mountains, Annecy is also popular for watersports (sailing, rowing, wakeboarding, water skiing) and wintersports (alpine skiing, snowboarding, Nordic skiing). Le Semnoz, a relatively small ski resort is 35 minutes away from Annecy. Other bigger ski resorts, La Clusaz and Le Grand Bornand, are only 40 minutes away. Annecy is also very popular among trail runners and many races are organized year round, such as
513-475: The lake gorge. Due to a lack of available building land between the lake and the protected Semnoz mountain, its population has remained stable, around 50,000 inhabitants, since 1950. However, the 2017 merger with several ex-communes extended the population of the city to 128,199 inhabitants and that of the urban area to 177,622, placing Annecy seventh in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Switching from
540-507: The nine most-flowered French cities. Le vieil Annecy ("Old Annecy"; not to be confused with Annecy-le-Vieux , formerly a neighboring town but now merged into Annecy), was a settlement from the time of the Romans . Annecy was the court of the counts of Geneva or Genevois from the 10th century. It passed to the counts of Savoy in 1401. In 1444, it became the regional capital of the provinces of Genevois , Faucigny and Beaufortain . With
567-590: The second round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) talks in 1949. In 2012, a multiple murder occurred in the Annecy area. The new municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger with the former communes of Annecy-le-Vieux , Cran-Gevrier , Meythet , Pringy and Seynod . Annecy is part of four cantons ( Annecy-1 , Annecy-2 , Annecy-3 and Annecy-4 ); it is the prefecture of Haute-Savoie . Since 2017, Annecy has consisted of six delegate cities: Annecy; Annecy-le-Vieux; Cran-Gevrier; Meythet; Pringy; and Seynod. Local government consists of
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#1732858474401594-671: The single-digits during the daytime with frequent cold rain. Air frosts are normal during the night and snowfall is not uncommon. Annecy has hosted the Annecy International Animated Film Festival since 1960 and the Rencontres Internationales d'Annecy Cinéma & Architecture since 1999 and it was one of the oldest festivals in France. On 23 July 2009, Annecy played host to Stage 18 of the Tour de France , as
621-591: The start/finish point for an individual time trial around Lake Annecy . It was also the start town for stage 10 of the 2018 Tour de France on 17 July 2018. Annecy launched a bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics but lost to Pyeongchang . If they had been chosen, Annecy would have been the fourth French city to host the Winter Olympic Games, after Chamonix ( 1924 ), Grenoble ( 1968 ), and Albertville ( 1992 ). Ligue 1 former team Évian Thonon Gaillard F.C. played their home matches in Annecy. The club
648-615: Was Chambéry . The Catholic diocese was suppressed in 1801. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1815, Annecy was returned to the King of Sardinia and the Catholic diocese restored in 1822. The Hôtel de Ville (city hall) was completed in 1851. When Savoy was annexed to France in 1860 with the Treaty of Turin , it became the capital of the new department of Haute-Savoie . Annecy was the site of
675-779: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1801, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 1809, Berthollet was elected an associate member first class of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1820 and a Foreign Honorary Member of
702-472: Was found later that Berthollet was not completely wrong because there exists a class of compounds that do not obey the law of definite proportions. These non-stoichiometric compounds are also named berthollides in his honor. Berthollet was one of several scientists who went with Napoleon to Egypt and was a member of the physics and natural history section of the Institut d'Égypte . In April, 1789 Berthollet
729-487: Was founded in 2007, they grew up to reach Ligue 1, and stayed for four years in the division, thanks to their emblematic trainer Pascal Dupraz . The Annecy basin is one of the world's leading locations for the sport of paragliding , an activity of some economic importance to the region. The area regularly hosts major competitions, most recently a leg of the Paragliding World Cup in 2012. Due to its proximity with
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