Misplaced Pages

#425574

25-430: City limits or city boundaries refer to the defined boundary or border of a city . The area within the city limit can be called the city proper . Town limit/boundary and village limit/boundary apply to towns and villages . Similarly, corporate limit is a legal name that refers to the boundary of municipal corporations . In some countries, the limit of a municipality may be expanded through annexation . In

50-419: A train depot , and several still remain this way. Boundary (real estate) A cadastral map displays how boundaries subdivide land into units of ownership . However, the relations between society, owner, and land in any culture or jurisdiction are conceived of in terms more complex than a tessellation . Therefore, the society concerned has to specify the rules and means by which the boundary concept

75-418: A city by one county may not be spent in another part of the city outside that county.) Where a city merges its government with that of its county to become a consolidated city-county , the city limit is usually considered to be expanded to occupy all of the previously unincorporated area of the county, while other existing municipalities continue to exist but are permanently locked into their city's limit without

100-463: A city chooses to have its own emergency services , they generally only operate within the city's limit, except for mutual aid (typically among fire departments ) in case of disaster . Telephone companies also must keep track of changing a city's limit to ensure that calls to 9-1-1 are routed to the appropriate public-safety answering point , if the city operates a PSAP separate from the county. Calls from mobile phones are usually routed based on

125-414: A city's limit is usually exercised by the mayor ( executive branch ) and city council ( legislative branch ). Home rule outside the city's limit is usually exercised by the county commission (which is often both legislative and executive), or the township's board of supervisors . Even without home rule, the county, as a unit of state government , also has certain powers and responsibilities even within

150-481: A leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include: In a presidential system , the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as South Korea , there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government. In a parliamentary system , a cabinet minister responsible to

175-523: A low level of local government. Law enforcement, education and other services are generally defined by county boundaries (or larger areas), and central government is responsible for the National Health Service ( NHS Scotland or NHS Wales outside of England). Planning (zoning) law around British cities is generally determined by green belt laws, which prevent building on the countryside surrounding large and medium-sized towns and cities. In

200-407: A professional surveyor using a transit and or modern Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The coordinates of the property line are often described on a drawing called a "plot plan" or " plat " by indicating the length of the boundary along a specific compass bearing in relation to a verifiable "point of beginning". The metes and bounds method is also used to provide a legal description of

225-461: A property. On maps, the line may be marked with U+214A ⅊ PROPERTY LINE . The ⅊ symbol may also be used in architectural drawings and CAD design to show plates. Executive branch The executive , also referred to as the juditian or executive power , is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes the key decisions and holds power. The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on

250-593: Is materialized and located on the ground. A 'Western' version of the boundary determination might be a legally specified procedure, performed by a chartered surveyor , supported by statements from neighbors and pertinent documents, and resulting in official recording in the cadastre as well as boundary markings in the field. Alternatively, indigenous people represent boundaries through ephemeral performances, such as song and dance, and, when in more permanent form, e.g. paintings or carvings, in an artistic or metaphorical manner. Legal boundaries are usually established by

275-473: The UK , city boundaries are more difficult to define, and the specific concept of a city boundary as opposed to e.g. a town or borough boundary, is less useful: British cities are defined as any town or local authority area, regardless of area or population size, that has been granted letters patent as a royal prerogative . In smaller cities, such as Wells (pop. approx. 10,000) or Gloucester (pop. approx. 100,000),

SECTION 10

#1732845359426

300-453: The USPS even considers some places to be "unacceptable" for use on mail. (For example, parts of Sandy Springs within its city limit but outside 30328 must use " Atlanta, GA " instead.) School districts and other special-purpose districts may be overlaid on cities, or cities may choose to have their own — however, these are often under other authorities. A Town's limit was often a radius from

325-468: The United Kingdom , the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since the executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by

350-654: The United States , such limits are usually formally described in a state, provincial, or territorial law (or an appropriate regulation) as being under the control of the municipal corporation or agency that constitutes the city government . It is customary to indicate city limits with signs on freeways , highways , and arterial roads . Property within a city limit is subject to city taxation and city regulation , and expects city services . Areas outside any city's limit are considered to be unincorporated , and in most U.S. states they are by default regulated and taxed by

375-424: The county . In others, areas outside a city's limit fall within another type of local government , such as the civil township (a division of a county). Cities and towns may have extraterritorial jurisdiction beyond their limits, typically for zoning purposes. The distance this extends varies based on the population or area of the city, or which "class" it is considered to be under state law. Home rule within

400-445: The boundary will be that governed by the city council , though in certain cases such as Carlisle , this may include large rural and even uninhabited areas which are largely distinct from the main settlement. In the case of larger cities, such as Birmingham (pop. approx. 1,000,000), local government will be administered by a metropolitan borough but the wider metro area may also have a county or regional combined authority . London ,

425-450: The hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the judiciary . The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order . In those that use fusion of powers , typically parliamentary systems , such as

450-633: The largest city, is the original model for this in the UK: almost all of the metropolitan area (known as Greater London ) is governed by the Greater London Authority . However, as a regional administration its powers are limited, and the 32 boroughs plus the ancient City of London contained within it are responsible for the majority of services. Although British city (or borough) boundaries are often important for defining local services such as refuse collection and planning (zoning), in most places they form

475-464: The legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers ) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system ,

500-471: The legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government bureaucracy , especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy . In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state),

525-474: The limits of its cities, including the sheriff that performs evictions , runs the county jail that all city and county police departments take arrested persons to, and guards the courthouse for the county's state court even though it is usually within the city limit of the county seat . Elections and health departments are also common county responsibilities which include all cities. (City residents still pay some county taxes for these reasons.) If

SECTION 20

#1732845359426

550-506: The location of the base station rather than the calling party , so these (along with landline calls to non- emergency telephone numbers ) must be handled manually by the telephone operator or dispatcher , determining whether the caller or incident is within a particular city limit or not so that the proper authorities may be sent. A city's limit may extend into more than one county, which can complicate certain matters of policing and taxation. (For example, sales tax revenue collected in

575-454: The political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers , such as the United States of America , government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in

600-510: The possibility of annexation (except possibly into a neighboring county). An independent city 's limit separates it from being in any county at all. Similarly, cities and towns may or may not be considered part of the township[s] they are in. City limits or boundaries in California are regulated by Local Agency Formation Commissions (LAFCO). City, town, and village limits are not usually coterminous with post office locations or ZIP codes , and

625-419: The principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive ( ministers ), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems , the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. In this context, the executive consists of

#425574