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14-784: In 936, the Circipania was incorporated into the Billung March of the Holy Roman Empire . The Circipanes were one of the four constituent tribes of the Lutici federation centered on Rethra , which started a successful uprising in 983. Rid of the empire's overlordship, the Circipanes stayed with the Liutizians until the federation broke apart due to internal struggles in the 1050s, culminating dissolution in 1057. The Redarians and Tollensians opposed

28-639: The Marca Geronis , the great march of Gero to the south of the Billungs. The Billung March was formed in 936, when Otto II , Duke of Saxony and King of East Francia , made Hermann Billung princeps militiae ( margrave , literally "prince of the militia"), granting him control of the border with rule over the West Slavic Obotrite tribes, including the Polabians , Warnabi and Wagri , as well as

42-518: The Holy Roman Empire . They were first mentioned by Adam of Bremen . Etymologically their name is related to the river, the Warnow (also Warnof, Wrana, or Wranava), along which they settled in the region of Mecklenburg . It may have meant "crow river" or "black river" in their Slavic language , or been derived from the name of the Warni (from earlier warjan ), a Germanic people who had previously lived in

56-735: The House of Billung . The march reached from the Elbe River to the Baltic Sea and from the Limes Saxoniae to the Peene River in the east, roughly the territory of present-day eastern Holstein , Mecklenburg , and parts of Western Pomerania . German expansion into the region of the Billung March was "natural" and the settlement "true colonisation." This can be contrasted with the military occupation of

70-750: The Redarii , Circipani , and Kissini tribes of the Veleti confederation, and the Danes , who had repeatedly campaigned the territory. Major parts of the land of the Liutizi and the Hevelli lay beyond Hermann's sphere in the Marca Geronis . The Slavs of this region were often mutually hostile and so no organised resistance was met. Nevertheless, in 955 the Obotrite chief Nako took

84-489: The Circipanes and Kessinians struggling for more influence within the federative administration, and allied with the Obodrites . The Obodrites successfully invaded Circipania and made it a province of their realm. The internal struggles had weakened the area, such that in the following year it became the target of numerous expeditions of an expansive Holy Roman Empire during their Wendish Crusade in 1147), then by Denmark in

98-571: The German settlers called in by Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania before the Mecklenburg conquest, and by Mecklenburg knights during the Ostsiedlung . Billung March The Billung March ( German : Billunger Mark ) or March of the Billungs ( Mark der Billunger ) was a frontier region of the far northeastern Duchy of Saxony in the 10th century. It was named after the family which held it,

112-706: The chance and allied with Hermann's nephews, the Saxon counts Wichmann the Younger and Egbert the One-Eyed in their domestic quarrel with their uncle. Their open revolt culminated in the Battle on the Recknitz , where the Obotrites were completely defeated by King Otto's troops. Hermann was given a great deal of autonomy in his march and he is sometimes called the "Duke of Saxony", a title which

126-536: The name Circipania dropped out of use. Though Circipania vanished as a name from political maps, it was still visible on Roman Catholic ecclesiastic maps as the Pomeranian province of the Diocese of Cammin , because the borders of this province did not differ from that of Circipania and remained as they were before the conquest. The Circipanes, whose numbers already dwindled due to the previous warfare, were assimilated by

140-446: The raid of 1170, and finally by the Duchy of Pomerania which subdued and incorporated the area into Pomerania-Demmin in the late 12th century. The last of the territory was invaded by Mecklenburg and subdued in the early 1230s. The 1230s marked the end of Circipania as a distinct territory as well as the end of the Circipanes. Pomerania-Demmin was in a miserable position and lost most of

154-550: The same area. The name Warnabi may be a combination of Warni and Abodriti . In Lithuanian language Varna -Varnas, Varnai - Varnos (plural) means Crow. In the second half of the ninth century the chief town of the Warnabi was on an island in Lake Sternberg at the site of the castle of Gross Raden . The centre of their culture was near the present towns Sternberg and Malchow . From 1171, 1185, and 1186 there are references to

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168-644: The territory to the Margrave of Brandenburg in the Treaty of Kremmen in 1236. Thus, Pomerania-Demmin could not counter the Mecklenburgian advance led by Borwin III of Rostock . Circipania would stay divided with Mecklenburg controlling the western bulk with Güstrow and Teterow, and Pomerania controlling the eastern smaller part around Demmin. Later the Mecklenburg part divided into Mecklenburg- Rostock and Mecklenburg- Werle , and

182-576: Was actually held by Otto, because of the great deal of authority the king delegated to him as his deputy. The disjointedness of the Germanisation of the eastern marches led to many centuries of warfare; the Roman Catholic Church , however, "more foresighted than the crown ... made use of the tithe in the colonial lands from the very beginning." Like the adjacent Northern March , the March of Billung

196-512: Was finally abandoned following the uprising of the Obotrites and Veleti in 983. Warnabi The Warnabi , Warnavi , Warnahi , Wranovi , Wranefzi , Wrani , Varnes , or Warnower were a West Slavic tribe of the Obotrite confederation in the ninth through eleventh centuries. They were one of the minor tribes of the confederation living in the Billung Mark on the eastern frontier of

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