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46-541: Cilgerran (previously Kilgerran or Cil-Garon) is both a village, a parish , and also a community , situated on the south bank of the River Teifi in Pembrokeshire , Wales . It was formerly an incorporated market town . Among Cilgerran's attractions are Cilgerran Castle and annual coracle races. Kilgerran Halt was a stop on the former Whitland and Cardigan Railway . There are a number of listed buildings , including

92-675: A diocese or see . Parishes within a diocese may be grouped into a deanery or vicariate forane (or simply vicariate ), overseen by a dean or vicar forane , or in some cases by an archpriest . Some churches of the Anglican Communion have deaneries as units of an archdeaconry . An outstation is a newly-created congregation, a term usually used where the church is evangelical , or a mission and particularly in African countries, but also historically in Australia. They exist mostly within

138-579: A megalithic standing stone or Ogham stone upon which Ogham writing can still be seen. Penuel Baptist Chapel (a Grade II listed building) is on the main street, while Tyrhos Congregational Chapel (Grade II) is on the road linking Cilgerran and the hamlet of Rhoshill. Babell Calvinist Methodist Chapel dates from about 1763 and closed in 2011. Cilgerran County Primary School educates 139 (in 2013) children from nursery to 11 years old and serves several surrounding villages. Pupils are taught in English and Welsh with

184-463: A vicar or rector , owing to the vagaries of the feudal tithe system: rectories usually having had greater income) and perhaps supported by one or more curates or deacons - although as a result of ecclesiastical pluralism some parish priests might have held more than one parish living , placing a curate in charge of those where they do not reside. Now, however, it is common for a number of neighbouring parishes to be placed under one benefice in

230-481: A civil parish and is formally recognised as the level of local government below a district council . The traditional structure of the Church of England with the parish as the basic unit has been exported to other countries and churches throughout the Anglican Communion and Commonwealth but does not necessarily continue to be administered in the same way. The parish is also the basic level of church administration in

276-520: A local grouping of Methodist churches that share one or more ministers (which in the United Kingdom would be called a circuit ) is referred to as a parish. Rhoshill, Pembrokeshire#Rhosygilwen Rhoshill (also known as Rhos-hill ) is a hamlet on the A478 road , in the community and parish of Cilgerran , in Pembrokeshire , South-west Wales . The hamlet is situated at the crossroads between

322-435: A parish church, each parish may maintain auxiliary organizations and their facilities such as a rectory , parish hall , parochial school , or convent , frequently located on the same campus or adjacent to the church. Normally, a parish comprises all Catholics living within its geographically defined area, but non-territorial parishes can also be established within a defined area on a personal basis for Catholics belonging to

368-603: A particular rite , language, nationality, or community. An example is that of personal parishes established in accordance with the 7 July 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum for those attached to the pre- Vatican II liturgy. The Church of England 's geographical structure uses the local parish church as its basic unit. The parish system survived the Reformation with the Anglican Church's secession from Rome remaining largely untouched; thus, it shares its roots with

414-406: A pet food store. Rhosygilwen estate , near Rhoshill, is a venue for concerts and exhibitions, attracting international artists and musicians under the banner of Project Rhosygilwen, run by Dr Glen Peters. The estate is home to the first utility-scale solar park in west Wales, constructed in 2011 and generating enough electricity to power 300 homes. The Whitland and Cardigan Railway closed in 1962;

460-452: A result of nearby quarrying. At least since 1833 Cilgerran has been referred to as a village. A rare visit by a white stork to the village was photographed in April 2016. The parish church of St Llawddog is a grade II* listed building. The church's tower is mediaeval and the remainder, in decorated Gothic style, dates from 1855. The font and pulpit are carved Bath stone. The churchyard contains

506-618: A review into the organisation of the Church and make recommendations as to its future shape. The group published its report ("Church in Wales Review") in July 2012 and proposed that parishes should be reorganised into larger Ministry Areas (Ardaloedd Gweinidogaeth). It stated that: "The parish system... is no longer sustainable" and suggested that the Ministry Areas should each have a leadership team containing lay people as well as clergy, following

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552-433: A subsidiary place of worship to the main parish church. In England civil parishes and their governing parish councils evolved in the 19th century as ecclesiastical parishes began to be relieved of what became considered to be civic responsibilities. Thus their boundaries began to diverge. The word "parish" acquired a secular usage. Since 1895, a parish council elected by public vote or a (civil) parish meeting administers

598-531: Is a cultural venue, retreat and events centre. Neuadd y Dderwen ( The Oak Hall ) is a carbon neutral 250-seat building that has attracted such performers as Catrin Finch and Shân Cothi and is supported by Western Solar whose CEO, Dr Glen Peters, is the owner of Rhosygilwen. In 2011 the first solar energy farm in Wales was installed at Rhosygilwen, with 10,000 panels in a field of 6 acres (2.4 ha). The estate hosts

644-423: Is divided into parishes, each with their own central church called the parish church , where religious services take place. Some larger parishes or parishes that have been combined under one parish priest may have two or more such churches, or the parish may be responsible for chapels (or chapels of ease ) located at some distance from the mother church for the convenience of distant parishioners. In addition to

690-413: Is marked as Mynydd Crogwy , but the significance of this is not clear as there is no direct translation (although crogwyr means hangman). Rhoshill is in the parish of Cilgerran and is administered by Cilgerran Community Council. It is home to an agricultural engineering company and a number of other business including a herb grower (medicinal and culinary) and holiday lets. The north–south road (now

736-451: The Catholic and Anglican parishes. The Anglican Diocese of Cameroon describes their outstations as the result of outreach work "initiated, sponsored and supervised by the mother parishes". Once there is a big enough group of worshippers in the same place, the outstation in named by the bishop of the diocese. They are run by " catechists /evangelists" or lay readers, and supervised by

782-547: The Catholic Church 's system described below. Parishes may extend into different counties or hundreds and historically many parishes comprised extra outlying portions in addition to its principal district, usually being described as 'detached' and intermixed with the lands of other parishes. Church of England parishes nowadays all lie within one of 42 dioceses divided between the provinces of Canterbury , 30 and York , 12. Each parish normally has its own parish priest (either

828-561: The Church of Scotland . Spiritual oversight of each parish church in Scotland is responsibility of the congregation's Kirk Session . Patronage was regulated in 1711 ( Patronage Act ) and abolished in 1874, with the result that ministers must be elected by members of the congregation. Many parish churches in Scotland today are "linked" with neighbouring parish churches served by a single minister. Since

874-514: The Foundry Arms and the Bronwydd Arms , and a post office, all of which have since closed and become private dwellings. The Bronwydd Arms was subject to a receivership order in 1891. Ty Rhos Chapel is 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the northeast of Rhoshill. It was built in 1815, rebuilt in 1859 and is a Grade II listed building. The estate of Rhosygilwen , covering 50 acres (20 ha),

920-420: The River Teifi were first held in 1950 and attract competitors from all over the world. The river flows slowly through a wooded gorge below the castle making it attractive for canoeists and kayakers. The census population of the parish of Cilgerran was: 854 (1801): 1266 (1851): 1,033 (1901): 815 (1951): 703 (1981). The percentage of Welsh speakers was: 96 (1891): 94 (1931): 78 (1971). The population in 2001

966-435: The abolition of parishes as a unit of civil government in Scotland in 1929, Scottish parishes have purely ecclesiastical significance and the boundaries may be adjusted by the local Presbytery. The Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920 and is made up of six dioceses. It retained the parish system and parishes were also civil administration areas until communities were established in 1974, but did not necessarily share

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1012-498: The A478 road and the unclassified road from Cilgerran to Eglwyswrw , and includes the Rhosygilwen estate. Rhoshill is a collection of about twenty houses at an elevation of 150 metres (490 ft), surrounded by farmland, and the local name given to the hill which runs westwards from the hamlet. On some maps the hill to the south of Rhoshill is marked as Windy Hill. An area of the hill

1058-482: The A478) running through Rhoshill formed part of a drovers' road moving local and Irish livestock as far away as England, a practice driven by demand for centuries. Even after the coming of the railways, stock would still have been moved from farms to Cilgerran or Crymych railway stations by road. A pre-1850 parish map shows an inn at Rhos-hill, while later 19th century Ordnance Survey maps show that Rhoshill had two pubs,

1104-651: The Lower quarry or Forest quarry – at the site of what became Quarry Caernarvon. Later, with his two sons John and Thomas, Edwards opened another quarry slightly higher up the river, known as the Gigfran quarry ('Gigfran' is Welsh for ' Carrion crow '). Soon afterwards, John Bowen opened the Plain quarries, and around this time the Castle quarries and Moses' quarry were also opened, by George John and David John, and Moses Griffith, respectively. Upon

1150-617: The River Teifi, is the castle from which Owain of Powys is said to have abducted Nest in 1109. Originally in Cantref Emlyn (Emlyn Is-Cych), Cilgerran came under Norman control with the building of the castle, from where the Lordship of Cilgerran was administered. The Welsh under the Lord Rhys regained control from 1164-65 (the date of the first recording of the name "Cilgerran") to 1223. By 1204

1196-474: The Teifi Gorge from) Rhoshill. The major quarries were: Parish By extension the term parish refers not only to the territorial entity but to the people of its community or congregation as well as to church property within it. In England this church property was technically in ownership of the parish priest ex officio , vested in him on his institution to that parish. First attested in English in

1242-560: The aim of bilingualism by the age of 11. The Cardiff Arms (19th century) and Pendre Inn (18th century or earlier) are both Grade II listed buildings; the Masons Arms (known locally as the Ramp Inn ) is in Cnwce, a settlement to the east of Cilgerran. Cilgerran has a post office, a cafe, a garage/petrol station and general stores. In and around the town are a number of small businesses including

1288-449: The charge of a priest who conducts services by rotation, with additional services being provided by lay readers or other non-ordained members of the church community. A chapelry was a subdivision of an ecclesiastical parish in England , and parts of Lowland Scotland up to the mid 19th century. It had a similar status to a township but was so named as it had a chapel which acted as

1334-672: The committee of every local congregation that handles staff support is referred to as the committee on Pastor-Parish Relations. This committee gives recommendations to the bishop on behalf of the parish/congregation since it is the United Methodist Bishop of the episcopal area who appoints a pastor to each congregation. The same is true in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church . In New Zealand,

1380-540: The creator parish or archdeaconry . Outstations are not self-supporting, and in poor areas often consist of a very simple structure. The parish priest visits as often as possible. If and when the community has grown enough, the outstation may become a parish and have a parish priest assigned to it. In the Catholic Church, each parish normally has its own parish priest (in some countries called pastor or provost ), who has responsibility and canonical authority over

1426-440: The death of John Edwards (around 1830), Thomas Lloyd, of Coedmawr, and Oliver Lloyd, of Cardigan , acquired the Lower quarries, and began expanding them on a large scale. However, they sold the quarries soon afterwards, to James Stephens, of Llechryd . In the late 1830s, another quarry was opened in the 'Forest' estate, by Mr. James Mathias of Cilgerran. It was called 'Quarry Forever', and situated adjacent to Gigfran quarry. About

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1472-405: The early 17th century, with mainly Welsh demographics. The principal occupations throughout Cilgerran's history were farming, salmon fishing and slate quarrying . In 1895 salmon of 38 and 43 1/2lb were caught in coracle nets. The town's market ended in the early 20th century, there was no further quarrying after 1936 and the castle had been allowed to become a ruin since the 16th century, partly as

1518-610: The late 13th century, the word parish comes from the Old French paroisse , in turn from Latin : paroecia , the Romanisation of the Ancient Greek : παροικία , romanized :  paroikia , "sojourning in a foreign land", itself from πάροικος ( paroikos ), "dwelling beside, stranger, sojourner", which is a compound of παρά ( pará ), "beside, by, near" and οἶκος ( oîkos ), "house". As an ancient concept,

1564-507: The parish church. Nearby are the hamlets of Llwyncelyn, Rhoshill , Cnwce, Pen-y-bryn , Carreg-wen and Pontrhydyceirt, and the villages of Llechryd and Boncath . Cilgerran Hundred derives its title from the former town, which was once the headquarters of the commote of Emlyn is Cuch (Emlyn below the River Cych ). Slate quarrying was an important activity in the 19th century. Cilgerran lies 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level on

1610-539: The parish. What in most English-speaking countries is termed the "parish priest" is referred to as the "pastor" in the United States , where the term "parish priest" is used of any priest assigned to a parish even in a subordinate capacity. These are called "assistant priests", "parochial vicars", " curates ", or, in the United States, "associate pastors" and "assistant pastors". Each diocese (administrative region)

1656-694: The principles of 'collaborative ministry'. Over the next decade, the six dioceses all implemented the report, with the final Ministry Areas being instituted in 2022. In the Diocese of St Asaph (Llanelwy), they are known as Mission Areas (Ardaloedd Cenhadaeth) In the United Methodist Church congregations are called parishes, though they are more often simply called congregations and have no geographic boundaries. A prominent example of this usage comes in The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church , in which

1702-513: The same boundaries. The reduction in the numbers of worshippers, and the increasing costs of maintaining often ancient buildings, led over time to parish reorganisation, parish groupings and Rectorial Benefices (merged parishes led by a Rector). In 2010, the Church in Wales engaged the Rt Rev Richard Harries (Lord Harries of Pentregarth), a former Church of England Bishop of Oxford; Prof Charles Handy; and Prof Patricia Peattie, to carry out

1748-573: The same time, Gigfran quarry became exhausted and was thus given up. The industry peaked in the late 19th century, its continuance until that time supported by the coming of the railway in 1869. There were two groups of quarries at Cilgerran – the ones north of the town, known collectively as the Forest quarries , and those to the east of the town, around Cnwcau, sometimes called the Town quarries . The Forest quarries were almost immediately opposite (the other side of

1794-517: The section of old trackbed between Cardigan and Cilgerran is now a footpath and cycle track to the Teifi estuary woodlands and marshes and the Welsh Wildlife Centre . The only public transport serving Cilgerran is the local bus service. With much of Cilgerran Castle in ruins, its picturesque nature and setting have attracted many artists including J. M. W. Turner . The annual coracle races on

1840-559: The south side of the River Teifi 's gorge . They played a significant role in Wales' slate industry , being the only significant quarries in South Wales apart from those around Rhoshill . Most slate was transported to the port at Cardigan for export by sea. Some of the slate was used for buildings within the town, or exported directly by railway for use within Britain. Wharves were built east of

1886-567: The southern bank of the River Teifi . The stream Afon Plysgog which rises on nearby Rhoshill runs under the road to the west of Cilgerran to join the Teifi. A mixture of woodland and pasture surrounds the town, which is strung out along a fairly level C-class road in an east–west orientation connecting with the A484 at Llechryd to the east and the A478 at Pen-y-bryn to the west. Cilgerran Castle , strategically built in 1100 at "Cenarth Bychan", high above

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1932-412: The surrounding district. Broadly speaking, the parish is the standard unit in episcopal polity of church administration, although parts of a parish may be subdivided as a chapelry , with a chapel of ease or filial church serving as the local place of worship in cases of difficulty to access the main parish church. In the wider picture of ecclesiastical polity, a parish comprises a division of

1978-550: The term "parish" occurs in the long-established Christian denominations: Catholic , Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , and Lutheran churches, and in some Methodist , Congregationalist and Presbyterian administrations. The eighth Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore of Tarsus (c. 602–690) appended the parish structure to the Anglo-Saxon township unit, where it existed, and where minsters catered to

2024-485: The town on the River Teifi (at 52°03′25.7″N 4°36′54.7″W  /  52.057139°N 4.615194°W  / 52.057139; -4.615194  ( Cilgerran Wharves ) ), where slate could be loaded onto boats to take it to Cardigan. Slate was first quarried at Cilgerran by John Edwards, in the late 1790s. He opened a quarry north of the town, in the land known as 'Forest' (near the Caernarfon Farm), called

2070-486: The town was beginning to grow, with 22 taxpayers recorded in 1292. The Hundred of Cilgerran was established in 1536. It was a marcher borough ; Owen , Lord of Kemes, described it in 1603 as one of five Pembrokeshire boroughs overseen by a portreeve. Cilgerran (as Kilgarren ) appears on a 1578 parish map of Pembrokeshire. Although the town remained small it was considered one of the main market centres in Pembrokeshire in

2116-456: Was 1,931, with 53 per cent Welsh speakers, and in 2011 was 1,507. The village has its own elected community council ; the community includes Bridell , Llantood and Rhoshill . The electoral ward of Cilgerran covers the communities of Cilgerran and Manordeifi . The ward had a population of 1,453 in 2001 , increasing to 2,058 in the 2011 Census. A substantial degree of slate quarrying was carried out in and near Cilgerran, mostly situated on

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