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42-609: Cilento is known as one of the centers of Mediterranean diet . The coast of Cilento is located on the Tyrrhenian Sea , stretching from Paestum to the Gulf of Policastro , near the town of Sapri . Most of the touristic destinations in the coast are frazioni (hamlets) of comuni (municipalities) whose seats are inland; examples include Santa Maria di Castellabate , Acciaroli , Velia , Palinuro , Marina di Camerota , Scario and Policastro Bussentino . The inner boundaries are

84-457: A "Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern", assessed against and mirroring the Mediterranean diet patterns and its positive health outcomes. It was designed from the "Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern", but it contains more fruits and seafood, and less dairy. In the 2020s, research on the Mediterranean diet indicates that a Mediterranean diet may contribute to health. The Mediterranean diet

126-483: A 2014 lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions , researchers found that a Mediterranean-like diet may reduce food production emissions below those of an omnivorous diet for 2050, with a per capita reduction of 30%. The concept of Mediterranean diet was first publicized in 1975 by the American biologist Ancel Keys and chemist Margaret Keys (a husband and wife team), but failed to gain widespread recognition until

168-414: A 2019 review indicated that the Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of diabetes. A meta-analysis in 2008 found that strictly following the Mediterranean diet was correlated with a decreased risk of dying from cancer by 6%. Another 2014 review found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a decreased risk of death from cancer. A 2017 review found

210-689: A Mediterranean diet to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. In 2018, the European Journal of Public Health questioned the value of the traditional Mediterranean diet due to homogenization of dietary choices and food products in the global economy. Despite this, clinical research activity remained high, with favorable outcomes reported for various disease conditions, such as metabolic syndrome . [REDACTED] Media related to Mediterranean diet at Wikimedia Commons Aglianico Aglianico ( English: / æ l ˈ j æ n ɪ k oʊ / al- YAN -ik-oh , Italian: [aʎˈʎaːniko] )

252-506: A blend of 60-65% Fiano , 20-30% Trebbiano , 10-15% of Greco and/or Malvasia bianca with up to 10% of other local white varieties. The roses are blends of 70-80% Sangiovese , 10-15% of Piedirosso and/or Primitivo and up to 10% of other local red grape varieties. A separate varietal Aglianico can also be produced under the Cilento DOC provided that at least 85% of the wine is Aglianico with Primitivo and/or Piedirosso permitted to fill in

294-399: A decreased rate of cancer, although evidence was weak. An updated review in 2021 found that the Mediterranean diet is associated with a 13% lower risk of cancer mortality in the general population. Overweight adults who adopt Mediterranean diets may lose weight by consuming fewer calories. A 2019 review found that the Mediterranean diet may help obese people lower the quantity and improve

336-473: A low amount of red meat . Olive oil has been studied as a potential health factor for reducing all-cause mortality and the risk of chronic diseases . The Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in observational studies . A 2017 review provided evidence that the Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of heart disease and early death. The Mediterranean diet may help with weight loss in obese people . The Mediterranean diet

378-504: A negative association with the risk of progressing from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's, but acknowledged that only a small number of studies had been done on the topic. There is a correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a lower risk of depression. Studies on which these correlations are made are observational and do not prove cause and effect. As the Mediterranean diet usually includes products containing gluten , such as pasta and bread, increasing use of

420-461: Is a black grape grown in the southern regions of Italy , mostly Basilicata and Campania . It is considered with Sangiovese and Nebbiolo to be one of the three greatest Italian varieties. Aglianico is sometimes called "The Barolo of the South" ( il Barolo del Sud ) due to its ability to produce highly refined, complex fine wines like the famous wine from Piedmont , Barolo . The origins of both

462-451: Is a stretch of coastline situated in the gulfs of Salerno and Policastro , extending in 16 municipalities; from Capaccio-Paestum in the north-west to Sapri in the south-east. Cilento was part of ancient Lucania , and its language is influenced by Lucanian. In the north of Cilento the dialect is more influenced by Neapolitan , but in the south it has many similarities with Sicilian . Italian wine , red, white and rose , under

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504-582: Is included among dietary patterns that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. A 2013 Cochrane review found limited evidence that a Mediterranean diet favorably affects cardiovascular risk factors . A 2013 meta-analysis compared Mediterranean, vegan , vegetarian, low-glycemic index, low-carbohydrate, high-fiber , and high-protein diets with control diets. The research concluded that Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate , low-glycemic index , and high-protein diets are effective in improving markers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while there

546-470: Is likely to be endemic to its region. If Aglianico was imported to Italy from Greece, no original Greek plantings have persisted. The name first appeared in print as the feminine plural Aglianiche in 1520, and several etymological theories persist. The name may be a corruption of vitis hellenica ( Latin for 'Greek vine'), or of Apulianicum , the Latin name for the whole of southern Italy in

588-525: Is low in saturated fat with high amounts of monounsaturated fat and dietary fiber . One possible factor is the potential health effects of olive oil in the Mediterranean diet. Olive oil contains monounsaturated fats, most notably oleic acid , which is under clinical research for its potential health benefits. The European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies approved health claims on olive oil, for protection by its polyphenols against oxidation of blood lipids and for

630-588: Is much too tannic to make a worthwhile dessert wine , the presence of this noble rot in the vineyard is more of a viticultural hazard than an advantage. The grape has a tendency to ripen late, with harvests as late as November in some parts of southern Italy. If the grape is picked too early, or with excessive yields , the grape can be aggressively tannic. The vine seems to thrive in particularly volcanic soils . Wines produced from Aglianico tend to be full- bodied with firm tannins and high acidity , endowing them with good aging potential. The rich flavors of

672-808: Is not the staple fat in the cuisines of all countries which border the Mediterranean: in northern and central Italy, lard and butter are commonly used in cooking, and olive oil is reserved for dressing salads and cooked vegetables; in both North Africa and the Middle East , sheep's tail fat and rendered butter ( samna ) are traditional staple fats. Consuming a Mediterranean diet or plant-based diet may contribute to improving environmental and agricultural sustainability , possibly due to lower use of dairy products, ruminant meat , and ultra-processed foods . The environmental impact and amount of energy needed to feed livestock exceeds its nutritional value. In

714-447: Is one of three healthy diets recommended in the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans , along with the DASH diet and vegetarian diet . A 2017 review found evidence that practice of a Mediterranean diet could lead to reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases , overall cancer incidence, neurodegenerative diseases , diabetes , and early death . A 2018 review showed that practice of

756-501: Is steeped in Greek mythology and legends, as in the names of some towns, which is also visible in the remains of the colonies of Velia (ancient Elea) and Paestum (ancient Poseidonia). Velia was also the seat of " Eleatics ", a school of pre-Socratic philosophers as Parmenides , Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos ). Cilento comes by the Latin word Cis Alentum , meaning "On this side of

798-478: The Alento ". In the 1990s it was proposed to make Cilento a new province of Campania . This proposal has never come near to implementation; in particular there was the difficulty of choosing an administrative centre. The four candidates were Vallo della Lucania (in the most central position), Agropoli (the largest town, situated in the north), Sala Consilina (the most populous town of Vallo di Diano) and Sapri (in

840-561: The French paradox . By 2011, the Mediterranean diet was included by some authors as a fad diet promoted for losing weight. Since about 2016, the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association have recommended the Mediterranean diet as a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes , respectively. The United Kingdom 's National Health Service also recommends

882-530: The Harvard University School of Public Health since the mid-1990s. The Mediterranean diet is based on a paradox: although the people living in Mediterranean countries tend to consume relatively high amounts of fat, they have far lower rates of cardiovascular disease than in countries such as the United States where similar levels of fat consumption are found. A parallel phenomenon is known as

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924-562: The Mediterranean Basin : These proportions are sometimes represented in the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid . In a diet with roughly this composition, the fat content accounts for 25% to 35% of the total intake of calories , while the amount of saturated fat is, at most, 8% of the calorie content. Some cuisines of the Mediterranean region are not fully consistent with Mediterranean diet guidelines. For instance, olive oil

966-519: The 1990s. Objective data showing that the Mediterranean diet is healthy originated from results of epidemiological studies in Calabria , Naples and Madrid , confirmed later by the Seven Countries Study first published in 1970, and a book-length report in 1980. The most commonly understood version of the Mediterranean diet was presented by, among others, Walter Willett and colleagues of

1008-545: The Alburni mountains and Vallo di Diano , sometimes considered as part of Cilentan geographical region, which has in Sala Consilina its largest center. The most important towns in this area are Vallo della Lucania (in the middle), Sapri and Agropoli : this is the largest town of Cilento and the principal harbour . Most of this area is included in "Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park". Moio Della Civitella The region

1050-452: The Cilento DOC appellation comes from this area. Grapes destined for DOC product must be harvested to a maximum yield of 12 tonnes / hectare with the finished red wines fermented to a minimum alcohol level of 11.5% and the whites and roses fermented to 11%. Red Cilento wines are a blend of 60-70% Aglianico , 15-20% of Piedirosso and/or Primitivo , 10-20% Barbera and up to 10% of other local red grape varieties . The whites are

1092-446: The Mediterranean diet as a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases . A 2023 review found evidence for a reduction of mortality and cardiovascular disease risk in women on a Mediterranean-type diet. In 2014, two meta-analyses found that the Mediterranean diet was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes , findings similar to those of a 2017 review. The American Diabetes Association and

1134-529: The Mediterranean diet may improve overall health status, such as reduced risk of non-infectious diseases, reduced total costs of living , and reduced costs for national healthcare . A 2016 review found similar weight loss as other diets. A 2019 Cochrane review found that there is still uncertainty regarding the effects of Mediterranean‐style diet advice on cardiovascular disease occurrence and risk factors in people both with and without existing cardiovascular disease. The US 2015–2020 national guidelines devised

1176-524: The centre of southern Cilento, with the most important railway station). Another more recent proposal was to move Cilento from Campania to Basilicata , as a third province together with the existing provinces of Potenza and Matera . In 1991, Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park was instituted to preserve the landscape and promote tourism. In 1998, the park became a World Heritage Site of UNESCO . The Cilentan Coast, or Costiera Cilentana in Italian ,

1218-493: The contribution to the maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol levels by replacing saturated fats in the diet with oleic acid (Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2012 of 16 May 2012). A 2014 meta-analysis concluded that an elevated consumption of olive oil is associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and stroke, while monounsaturated fatty acids of mixed animal and plant origin showed no significant effects. The American Heart Association discussed

1260-413: The diet may have contributed to the growing rate of gluten-related disorders . There are variations of the "Mediterranean diets" in different countries and among the individual populations of the Mediterranean basin, due to ethnic, cultural, economic and religious diversities. The "Mediterranean diet" as defined by dietitians generally includes the following components, which are not typical of diets in

1302-609: The early 1960s. It is distinct from Mediterranean cuisine , which covers the actual cuisines of the Mediterranean countries, and from the Atlantic diet of northwestern Spain and Portugal. While inspired by a specific time and place, the "Mediterranean diet" was later refined based on the results of multiple scientific studies. This approach emphasizes a plant-based diet , focusing on unprocessed cereals , legumes , vegetables , and fruits . It also includes moderate consumption of fish , dairy products (mostly cheese and yogurt ), and

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1344-426: The evidence for possible prevention of cardiovascular disease by the diet was "limited and highly variable". Reviews in 2016-17 reached similar conclusions about the ability of a Mediterranean diet to improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as lowering the risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. A Mediterranean diet is recommended as a means of lowering Apolipoprotein B . The Mediterranean diet

1386-515: The nutritional quality of food intake, with an overall effect of possibly losing body weight. A 2016 systematic review found a relation between greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet and better cognitive performance; it is unclear if the relationship is causal. According to a 2013 systematic review, greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet is correlated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and slower cognitive decline. Another 2013 systematic review reached similar conclusions, and also found

1428-1060: The principal grape of Falerno del Massico . The grape has also recently been planted in Australia and California , as it thrives in predominantly sunny climates with a long ripening season. In Australia it is being introduced in the Murray Darling region with some success. Producers in McLaren Vale , Margaret River , Mudgee and Riverland are also experimenting with plantings. Elsewhere in North America, it has been trialled in Texas and Arizona, and in Ontario , Canada. The Aglianico vine buds early and grows best in dry climates with generous amounts of sunshine. It has good resistance to outbreaks of oidium , but can be very susceptible to Peronospora . It also has low resistance to botrytis , but since it

1470-406: The remainder and that the wine is aged at least one year before it is released. Mediterranean diet The Mediterranean diet is a concept first invented in 1975 by the American biologist Ancel Keys and chemist Margaret Keys. The diet took inspiration from the supposed eating habits and traditional food typical of Crete, much of the rest of Greece, and southern Italy, and formulated in

1512-553: The similarities in naming, the Campanian wine grape Aglianicone is not a clonal mutation of Aglianico but DNA analysis does suggest a close genetic relationship between the two varieties. In Basilicata, Aglianico is the basis of the Aglianico del Vulture DOC and the region's only DOCG wine, Aglianico del Vulture Superiore , concentrated in the northern area of the province of Potenza . The most sought-after productions come from

1554-423: The time of ancient Rome . However, since there is also no record of the name Aglianico prior to the fifteenth century Spanish conquest of southern Italy, another possible origin of the name is from llano ( Spanish for 'plain') denoting a grape grown on the plains. Oenologist Denis Dubourdieu has said "Aglianico is probably the grape with the longest consumer history of all", claiming that Aglianico

1596-556: The vine itself and its name are unclear. Traditionally, the vine is thought to have originated in Greece , first cultivated by Phocians from an unidentified ancestral vine; it was then brought to Cumae , near modern-day Pozzuoli , by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC, and from there it spread into southern Italy . However, modern DNA analysis of Aglianico does not support this view, revealing little relation to other Greek grape varieties. Its parentage also remains unknown, implying that it

1638-570: The vineyards located in and around the extinct volcano Mount Vulture . In Campania, the area in and around the village of Taurasi in the Province of Avellino and the area around the Monte del Taburno in the Province of Benevento produce Aglianico wines bearing the DOCG designation. Taurasi was designated DOCG in 1993, and Aglianico del Taburno in 2011. More Aglianico can be found in the province of Caserta, as

1680-401: The wine make it appropriate for pairing with rich meats such as lamb . In Campania, the grape is sometimes blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot in the production of some Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) wines. In its youth, Aglianico is very tannic and concentrated, requiring a few years of ageing before it can be approachable. As it ages, the fruit becomes more pronounced and

1722-402: Was limited evidence for an effect of vegetarian diets on glycemic control and lipid levels unrelated to weight loss. However, more cautious reviews arose in early 2016, raising concerns about the quality of previous systematic reviews examining the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors. These reviews insisted upon the need for further standardized research, stating that

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1764-546: Was used to make the Falernian wine famed during Roman times. Along with the white grape Greco (used to make the famous Greco di Tufo wine), the red grape of the region was regarded favourably by Pliny the Elder . Traces of the vine have been found in Molise , Apulia , and also on the island of Procida near Naples , although it is no longer widely cultivated in those places. Despite

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