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30-470: Cilacap Regency covers an area of 2,249.28 km (including the 115-km Nusakambangan Island off the south coast), and it had a population of 1,642,107 at the 2010 Census and 1,944,857 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 2,007,829 (comprising 1,011,586 males and 996,243 females). The languages used in Cilacap are Javanese and Sundanese , but most people can speak Indonesian. The dialect used

60-637: A forest reserve on the island. One of the main cultural events is Sedekah Laut (sea sacrifice), which is held by the Surakarta Sunanate every Satu Suro (new year) in the Javanese calendar . Since the Dutch colonial period, there have been a number of supermax prisons on the island, some of which are still operational and run by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights . The island was declared off-limits in 1905 by

90-458: A geothermal power plant, a cement plant (Holcim Indonesia), and one of Pertamina (Indonesia's national petroleum company) processing units in Indonesia. The site has the largest production capacity, producing the most diverse kinds of products among other Pertamina units. The town of Cilacap offers several tourist attractions highlighting Banyumasan culture. The town has a number of beaches, two of

120-480: A kilometre. Over three hundred people from the town were killed. Pangandaran is a large fishing village situated on a narrow isthmus with Pangandaran National Park occupying the entire headland. On either side to the east and to the west of Pangandaran village and the National Park isthmus are two beaches of volcanic black sand . The Penanjung Pangandaran nature reserve is nearby on a peninsula connected to

150-438: Is Banyumasan . There are schools of all levels in Cilacap and several higher-learning institutions. Several academies exist, such as Akademi Maritim Nusantara (National Maritime Academy). A polytechnic, Politeknik Cilacap, was established in 2008 and offers Engineering, Electronics and Informatics education. Cilacap Regency comprises twenty-four districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

180-403: Is fishery and some work in rubber and teak plantations. However, illegal logging activities, mostly conducted by outsiders, threaten the island environment. Nusakambangan is separated from Java by the narrow Segara Anakan strait . Being isolated from mainland Java, the island is relatively under-developed and less inhabited and the wildlife is better preserved. The eastern side of a bay

210-778: Is a nature reserve area where an old Dutch fortress is located on the Karangbandung beach. As a lowland tropical rainforest , Nusakambangan is biologically diverse. More than 71 different bird species, 14 reptile species and various mammal species are found in the island. Twenty-three bird species are classified as protected, including the Pacific reef heron ( Egretta sacra ), woolly-necked stork ( Ciconia episcopus ), lesser adjutant ( leptoptilos javanicus ), white-bellied sea eagle ( Haliaeetus leucogaster ), brahminy kite ( Haliastur indus ), and crested serpent eagle ( Spilornis cheela ). Several other protected mammal species include

240-426: Is a town and district of Pangandaran Regency within the province of West Java , Indonesia . It is located on the southern coast of the island of Java . A well-known surfing beach has made Pangandaran a popular tourist destination. On 17 July 2006, an undersea earthquake measuring 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale triggered a tsunami that engulfed the resort area and caused destruction as far inland as half

270-514: Is for the town of Cilacap. 7°44′S 109°0′E  /  7.733°S 109.000°E  / -7.733; 109.000 Nusakambangan Nusa Kambangan is an island located in Indonesia , separated by a narrow strait from the south coast of Java . The closest port is Cilacap in Central Java province. It is known as the place where the fabled wijayakusuma , which translates as

300-440: Is under construction): There are also five inactive prisons: All of these were built by the Dutch, except Kembangkuning prison, which was built after independence . Of these, Batu (literally "stone") prison is considered the most famous. It was sensationally called " Alcatraz of Indonesia" in one news article by an American journalist, while another American titled his piece "Execution Island". Famous people imprisoned on

330-608: The 2002 Bali bombings were executed by firing squad at Nusa Kambangan after their appeals for clemency were turned down. In late 2014, the government of the new President Joko Widodo announced that the execution of persons convicted of drug-related offences would be resumed. Appeals for clemency from six convicted drug dealers were turned down. The resumption of executions attracted considerable international publicity. Shortly after midnight on Sunday, 18 January 2015, five convicted persons were executed by firing squad at Nusakambangan Island and another person convicted of drug dealing

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360-481: The leopard ( Panthera pardus ), Indian muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak ) and chevrotain ( Tragulus javanicus ). Four of six native primates in Java, namely Javan lutung ( Trachypithecus auratus ), the crab-eating macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ), Javan surili ( Presbytis comata ), and slow lorises ( Nycticebus sp.), have been reported to live on the island. Saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus ) are native to

390-510: The 'flower of victory' in the highest literary register of the Javanese language , grows. The wijayakusuma can be used to bring a person back from the dead, and the princes of the Sultanate of Mataram and later the Surakarta Sunanate sent to the island for the blooms in order to become kings. Thus the island is also known as pulau bunga-bungaan , the 'island of many flowers'. There is

420-463: The 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (comprising 269 rural desa and 15 urban kelurahan - the latter all in the 3 Cilacap town districts), and its postcode. The three districts comprising Cilacap town formerly formed an Autonomous city but have now been subsumed back into

450-406: The 5 kelurahan of Gumilir, Karangtalun, Kebonmanis, Mertasinga and Tritih Kulon. The town of Cilacap is also a sea port on the southern coast of the island of Java . The port is one of only a few that exist on the southern coast that can service shipping of reasonable tonnage. The nearest safe anchorage east is Pacitan . The city's harbor is protected by Nusakambangan , an island best known as

480-562: The Cilacap Tourism Office, Nusakambangan was opened as a tourist destination following an agreement between the Central Java Governor and Ministry of Justice in 1996. The Cilacap government then invested some Rp 1.7 billion (around $ 200,000) in preparations for the opening up of the island, most of which was used on the construction of tourist-related infrastructure . A special agency was also established to manage tourism on

510-571: The Citanduy River (which is located on the border of Ciamis Regency and Cilacap Regency) caused it. To overcome the sedimentation in Segara Anakan Bay, Ciamis Regency has agreed, if a new canal from Citanduy River pass their area and exit in Nusawiru near Pangandaran Beach. Cilacap has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round. The following climate data

540-452: The Dutch, who turned it into a prison island during the era of Dutch rule . The colonial government built prisons on the island for criminals. The prison on Nusa Kambangan was opened in the mid-1920s by Indonesia's Dutch colonial rulers. Its use as a prison island continued after independence. During the rule of former President Suharto , hundreds of political dissidents were imprisoned on the island. Most were political prisoners, members of

570-628: The banned Communist Party of Indonesia or sympathizers. These prisoners were never brought to trial, and many of them died from hunger or illness. In 1996, the island was opened to the public as a tourist destination. The island has also been involved in refugee handling. About 140 Afghan refugees were detained on the island after their boat, which was en route to Christmas Island , Australia , sank in rough seas on 17 August 2001. However, more than 90 of these refugees would later escape on 19 September 2001, sailing away in small fishing boats and are believed to have headed for Australia. The island

600-593: The island include: Nusakambangan has also held hundreds of members of Free Aceh Movement , but they were later released as part of a peace deal. 244 inmates convicted in various drugs and narcotics offences were transported to the new Super Maximum Security Prison in Nusakambangan in 2007. These inmates came from various prisons in the country. The moving is intended to isolate them and cut drug circulation in Indonesia. On 9 November 2008, Amrozi , Imam Samudra , and Ali Gufron , three men convicted for their roles in

630-505: The island, with the Nusakambangan Prison warden made head of the agency and Cilacap Tourism Office chief as the deputy. No individual tourists are allowed, all of the tourists within a group of minimum 15 persons which is arranged by tourist agency then will be accompanied by security officers until maximum 6 p.m without overnight stay. There are nine prisons built in the island, four of which are still used (a fifth super max prison

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660-455: The mainland by a narrow neck of land. The isthmus is around 200 m wide. About eighty percent of the nature reserve is secondary rainforest . The flora of the nature reserve includes the Rafflesia . The Pangandaran International Kite Festival has been held since 1985. Cijulang Nusawiru Airport is located nearby and provides facilities for domestic service to Jakarta. Pangandaran has

690-530: The mid-1990s, the island was intermittently promoted by local authorities as a tourist destination, primarily for its caves, beaches, and unusual wildlife that is extinct on Java. Notable attractions include Permisan beach ( Pantai Permisan ) with its beautiful white and gray sands near the Permisan jail lighthouse , Ranca Babakan on the west coast of the island, White Sands beach ( Pantai Pasir Putih ), and several caves such as Queen's cave ( Goa Ratu ). According to

720-600: The most popular being Teluk Penyu (close to the center of town), but these are somewhat fouled from leakage of the shipping vessels docked adjacent to this and Widara Payung. Nearby the Teluk Penyu beach is also an old Dutch fortress called Benteng Pendem . This fortress was built in stages during 1861-1879 by the Dutch East Indies Army. In early 2012 Segara Anakan Bay's area is only 600 hectares, reduced from 700 hectares in 2005 after dredging. Heavy sedimentation from

750-476: The regency. Notes: (a) except the desa of Cigintung (which has a post code of 53222) and the desa of Limbangan (which has a post code of 53232). (b) includes the population but excludes the area (115 km) of the offshore island of Pulau Nusakambangan . (c) consists of the 5 kelurahan of Cilacap, Sidakaya, Tambakreja, Tegalkamulyan and Tegalreja. (d) consists of the 5 kelurahan of Donan, Gunungsimping, Kutawaru, Lomanis and Sidanegara. (e) consists of

780-412: The site of several high-security correctional facilities although there are also hopes that the island can be developed as a tourist hub. Nusakambangan sheltered Cilacap from the worst of the 2004 tsunami. Nevertheless, the disaster took 147 lives, devastated beaches, damaged 435 fishing boats and inflicted material losses amounting to about Rp 86 billion (around $ 9 million). During World War II Cilacap

810-522: The surrounding mangroves and were historically common, but their current status is unknown. Sightings in May 2019 suggest small numbers may persist, although these individuals may have moved in from elsewhere. In 2015 40 percent of Nusa Kambangan was spoiled by illegal logging and land clearing for plantations. Most of it had occurred in Selokjero, Bantapanjang, Kalijati, Jengkolan, Jongorasu, and Karanglena. From

840-476: Was affected by the 2006 Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami , when a 7.7-magnitude undersea earthquake occurred off the coast of west Java. At least 11 villagers disappeared and 8 people were killed in the ensuing tsunami, two of which were prisoners at one of the Permisan prisons. At least fifteen inmates on Nusa Kambangan were also missing. The island population is 3,000, excluding the prison inmates and staff; most inhabitants are Javanese . Their main occupation

870-591: Was an important departure point for people fleeing the Japanese invasion, especially Dutch colonists. Many left the Dutch East Indies by boat or seaplane, the majority heading for Broome in Western Australia . The port is a hub for national or international trade. The town's Tunggul Wulung Airport provides scheduled airline services to Jakarta and Semarang . Cilacap is the site of many industrial plants,

900-499: Was executed, at the same time, in a separate prison in Boyolali in Central Java . Two of the prisoners were members of the Bali 9 gang, Andrew Chan and Mayuran Sukumaran. The Dutch and Brazilian governments announced that their ambassadors to Indonesia would be temporarily withdrawn in protest since Dutch and Brazilian nationals were amongst the executed. Pangandaran Pangandaran

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