26-411: The Ciannachta were a population group of early historic Ireland. They claimed descent from the legendary figure Tadc mac Céin . Modern research indicates Saint Cianán and his followers may have been the origin behind the tribal name as it is a late construction similar in form to Eóganachta and Connachta . They first appear in historical sources in the 6th century, and were found in several parts of
52-567: A number of centres in the midlands and the west of Ireland". The acquisition, by Tadc, of the territory held by his descendants in Brega is related in the possibly late-9th-century saga, Cath Crinna . The fortunes of the historical Ciannachta can to an extent be traced via the Irish annals . Ciannachta Breg occupied the coastal area between Annagassan and Dublin . They are first recorded sub anno 535 when they were defeated in battle at Luachair Mór (between
78-692: A similar taboo against eating dog-meat. Connachta The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht ( Irish Cúige Chonnacht , province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster . Their traditional capital
104-548: A suitably named ancestor figure when they later sought to construct a new pedigree for themselves." The townland of Keenoge south of Duleek may indicate a place of origin. Cianan was regarded as a very significant figure in very early Irish Christianity, his church at Duleek traditionally stated as the first stone church in Ireland. Cianan himself is reported in the Annals of Ulster as dying in 489, four years before Saint Patrick . No life
130-551: Is ann atá primreilec Airthir Midi ocus Breaġ ), near to the townlands of Carnes. This included both síd Cerna and Cnoc Cerna , the hill of Cerna, noted in the Metrical Dindshenchus as holding the bodies of the sons and grandsons of Áed Slaine . These were located at the western end of Bellewstown ridge to the south of Duleek close to the famous Lia Ailbhe , the standing stone described as 'the chief monument of Brega' (príomh-dindgnai Maighi Bregh) in 999, when it fell and
156-456: Is extant, but various anecdotes survive, particularly in the medieval commentary on the martyrology Félire Óengusso . The territorial extent of Ciannachta Breg prior to its conquest is uncertain, but believed to have been reasonably large. Tadc mac C%C3%A9in Tadc mac Céin , in medieval Irish historical tradition, was the grandson of Ailill Aulom and Sadb , daughter of Conn Cetcathach . He
182-778: Is the putative ancestor of the Ciannachta , the Gailenga, and the Luigni. These peoples were settled, in the Middle Ages, in the Midland kingdoms of Brega and Mide , Connacht , and western Ulster . According to saga and genealogical tradition, Tadc established himself in the Midlands of Ireland after being granted territory by Cormac mac Airt , the king of Ireland (and Tadc's first cousin once removed, via Sadb), in exchange for his decisive assistance at
208-555: Is thought to be derived from the Gaulish * tazgos , meaning 'badger'. Another story about Tadc mac Céin, found in its earliest form in Sanas Cormaic , revolves around Tadc having a dietary taboo against eating badgers. As Mac an Bhaird argues, this implies that this was still how his name was understood, as traditional taboos against eating one's namesake are well-attested internationally. The hero Cú Chulainn (" Culann 's Hound") had
234-562: The Táin Bó Cúailnge (cattle raid of Cooley ), are the setting for most of the stories. These sagas are traditionally set around the time of Christ, which creates an apparent anachronism: the Connachta are supposedly named after Conn Cétchathach, who in the usual chronological scheme established by the Lebor Gabála Érenn , lived in the 2nd century AD. Later texts used the supposedly earlier names of Cóiced Ol nEchmacht (the province of
260-479: The -acht suffix was used to form only three population-group names in early Ireland, namely the Connachta , Eoganachta and Ciannachta. He states that, originally there was one powerful people whose name had that suffix and ... the other two names were formed and adopted in imitation of the first by peoples who wished to emulate them. The original can only have been the Connachta, whose power, position and prestige in
286-500: The Battle of Crinna, against Fergus Dubdétach , king of the Ulaid . Tadc's role in the battle and the battle's wider context are related in the saga, Cath Crinna ('the battle of Crinna'). Another medieval text, Eachtra Thaidg Mhic Céin ('Tadg mac Céin's adventure'), narrates an earlier, fantastical expedition by Tadc to rescue his people from captivity overseas. The Old Irish name, Tadc ,
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#1732852822392312-561: The Boyne and north of the Nanny Water, and from this point on were referred to as Ard Ciannachta, reflecting their loss of territory in south-east Brega. The area taken over became important to the Síl nÁedo Sláine and included both Duleek and the place called Cerne, Cernae or Cerna , noted as the principal burial site for the men of east Midhe and Brega ( Cernoi nominatur, al. Cernai .i. coernia daiġ
338-500: The Fir Ól nÉcmacht, an ancient people of Connacht) and Cóiced Genaind (the province of Genann , a legendary king of the Fir Bolg ) for the western province to get around this difficulty. However, the saga tradition is older than the chronological scheme, which is an artificial attempt by Christian monks to synchronise native traditions with classical and biblical history, and it is possible that
364-565: The abbacy of the same church [ Monasterboice ] in 733. Another member of the Ciannachta Breg, Ioseph ua Cernae, acceded to the abbacy of the same church in 790 ... Flann Mainistrech ... who died in 1056 is name in the Ciannachta Breg pedigree, as is his son, Echthigern ... who died in 1067. Branches of the Ciannachta included: Admitting that there are significant questions surrounding the tribal name Ciannachta, David Sproule points out that
390-834: The dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon : Brion , Ailill , Fiachrae , Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages . Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin ), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach ) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello, later replaced by Uí Maine ) were known as teóra Connachta , or
416-415: The earliest part of the historical period are unquestionable and who loom large in prehistory as the traditional enemies of the Ulaid . It does not seem that the word "Connacht" can originally have meant 'the descendants of Conn'; it may have meant 'headship' or 'supremacy' from "cond" or "conn", head, and later have been interpreted as meaning "the descendants of Conn", Conn Cetchathach being derived from
442-547: The genealogical scheme. Regardless, the connections to Uí Maine with each of the septs and their defined ancestor have been maintained for well over a millennium. In the sagas of the Ulster Cycle , the Connachta, ruled from Cruachan by their king Ailill mac Máta and their formidable queen Medb , are the enemies of the Ulaid , ruled from Emain Macha (Navan Fort, County Armagh ) by Conchobar mac Nessa , and their wars, notably
468-650: The historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill , at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara , and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times. However David Sproule points out that: It does not seem that the word "Connacht" can originally have meant 'the descendants of Conn'; it may have meant 'headship' or 'supremacy' from "cond" or "conn", head, and later have been interpreted as meaning "the descendants of Conn", Conn Cetchathach being derived from
494-418: The indigenous Ciannachta never again attained the kingship of their own territory and their political ambitions seem to have been entirely focused on the kingdom of Fir Arda Ciannachta ... The political eclipse of Ciannachta Breg from mid-8th century onwards may have resulted in members of that dynasty transferring their ambitions to the ecclesiastical sphere where one of their kindred, Conmael ua Loichene , took
520-574: The island, including in Brega and Airgialla . The Ciannachta groups were absorbed over time. Modern descendants (mostly surnamed O'Carroll) have formed a Clan Cian society (headquartered in the United States). The Ciannachta claimed descend from Tadc mac Céin , a member of "the possibly legendary early Munster dynasty, who was said to be a grandson of Ailill Aulom . Tadc was also the putative ancestor of Luigni and Gailenga —peoples which were located in
546-578: The rivers Nanny and Boyne ), near Duleek , by Túathal Máelgarb . The Ciannachta kept their independence into the 9th century. A devastating seaborne attack by Ecgfrith of Northumbria in June 684, which resulted in the seizing of a large number of slaves and the sacking of many churches and monasteries in Brega, was followed in 688 by the battle of Imblech Pich (Emlach, near Kells ) an important defeat, inflicted upon them by King Niall mac Cernaigh, king of Brega . After this, they lost their independence south of
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#1732852822392572-447: The suffix "-acht." One may surmise that an ambitious tribe (or grouping of tribes) of relatively insignificant origin based near the church of Duleek—possibly lay tenants of the monastery—decided to forge a new identity based on their adherence to the local founder. Thus they became the "Ciannachta"—'the people of St Cianan.' fortuitously, the ancestor figure of their neighbours Gailenga and Luigni—Cian mac Ailella Auluimm—would have provided
598-542: The word "Connacht" rather than vice versa. ... the name "Eoganacht" and "Ciannacht" were formed in imitation ... Sproule's hypothesis has been accepted by historians such as Paul Byrne. The dynasties of the Airgíalla , and through them the Uí Maine , while also counted as belonging to the Connachta by medieval genealogists, may not possibly be related, as some have assessed that they descend from other peoples later added to
624-415: The word "Connacht" rather than vice versa. ... the name "Eoganacht" and "Ciannacht" were formed in imitation ... Paul Byrne accepts this hypothesis, proposing the "conjecture that the source of the tribal name was the patron saint of the Ciannachta Breg, Cianan , the founder of Duleek . ... Cianan is, of course, a diminutive form of "Cian." Thus, the name Ciannachta may have been a combination of "Cian" and
650-494: Was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan , County Roscommon ). The use of the word cúige , earlier cóiced , literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta, the Ulaid ( Ulster ) and the Laigin ( Leinster ), the region of Mumu ( Munster ), and the central kingdom of Mide . This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by
676-502: Was made into four millstones by Máelaschlainn the high king". In 742 the Síl nÁedo Sláine king of North Brega, Conaing mac Amalgado , began using the title king of Ciannachta , the first of seven North Brega kings to do so. In time, the Uí Chonaing conquered and assimilated it into Brega, while retaining use of the title for themselves. Byrne remarks: Following the death of Cellach (786),
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