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40-602: The Château Ramezay is a museum and historic building on Notre-Dame Street in Old Montreal , opposite Montreal City Hall in Montreal , Quebec , Canada. Built in 1705 as the residence of then-governor of Montreal , Claude de Ramezay , the Château was the first building proclaimed as a historical monument in Quebec and is the province's oldest private history museum. It was designated

80-562: A National Historic Sites of Canada in 1949. Over the years, the Château changed owners and functions several times, with Ramezay's descendants selling the manor to the fur-trading Compagnie des Indes . From 1775, it became the Canadian headquarters for the Continental Army when it seized Montreal. Benjamin Franklin stayed there overnight in 1776, while trying to raise troops to fight for

120-563: A 39% increase in St-Henri and a 16% increase in Côte St-Paul." The redevelopment of the Lachine Canal into a linear recreational park during the 1980s and 1990s and the conversion of industrial buildings along its shores into condominiums also contributed to the shifting sociodemographic profile of the neighbourhood. Other factors contributing to the gentrification of the neighbourhood include

160-570: A 9 km right-of-way to link up with Autoroute 25. However, rising costs and a change in government never allowed the Ville-Marie expressway to extended beyond is terminus at Rene-Levesque boulevard. At the intersection of Av. Souligny and Rue Dickson, Av. Souligny serves as a brief highway spur that would have been a continuation of Autoroute 720 (if it had been fully completed), using the same kilometer markers. It provides access to Autoroute 25 via exits 15N and 15S. Notre-Dame Street continues off of

200-626: A faubourg spreading outside the city walls. The area around Richmond Square was built up in 1819. Development accelerated in the mid-19th century with the construction of the Lachine Canal attracted many so-called "smokestack" industries, most notably the Grand Trunk Railway yards , and the Steel Company of Canada (or Stelco ) plant, among others. A residential sector was built north of the factories between 1857 and 1864. Originally part of

240-703: A million visitors. Notre-Dame Street Notre-Dame Street (officially in French : Rue Notre-Dame ) is a historic east–west street located in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It runs parallel to the Saint Lawrence River , from Lachine to the eastern tip of the island in Pointe-aux-Trembles , then continuing off the island into the Lanaudière region. One of the oldest streets in Montreal, Notre-Dame

280-643: A railway hub in the late nineteenth century led to the migration of hundreds of black workers from the United States, the Caribbean, and the Maritimes. Sainte-Cunégonde, as the area was then known, became home to a great many African-American , Black Canadian and Afro-Caribbean workers due to its location near Montreal's train stations. Many West Indian women, from both the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, came to

320-744: Is estimated at 30,000 objects, including manuscripts, printed works, numismatic items, ethnological items, works of art, paintings, prints and furniture. From 1997 to 2002, the Château Ramezay underwent indoor and outdoor restorations, including the creation of the Governor's Garden, inaugurated in 2000. In 2003, the Château Ramezay Museum earned the National Award of Excellence from the Landscape Architects of Canada. It has greeted more than

360-676: Is the site of such key structures as Montreal City Hall , Palais de Justice de Montréal , the Quebec Court of Appeal, the Château Ramezay , Notre-Dame Basilica and the Saint-Sulpice Seminary and the Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site . Further west, the street is home to the École de technologie supérieure and runs through Montreal's Little Burgundy neighbourhood, historically

400-578: The 1965 preliminary study for the urban renewal program to refer to the area between the Lachine Canal, the CN railway right of way (now expanded to the Autoroute Ville-Marie ), Atwater street and Guy Street in the 1965 preliminary study for the urban renewal program. The report takes inspiration from the writing of E.Z. Massicotte , archivist of the City of Montreal and resident of Sainte-Cunégonde, who described

440-492: The 2002 reopening of the Lachine Canal to boat traffic, the revitalization of the Atwater Market , and, towards its eastern boundary, the continued expansion of Université du Québec 's École de Technologie Supérieure and the intense redevelopment of Griffintown. Starting in 1887, Little Burgundy came to acquire a unique niche as the home of Montreal's working-class English-speaking Black community. Montreal’s emergence as

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480-727: The Americans in the American Revolutionary War . After the conquest until 1849 the house was again used as a governor's residence, this time by the British governors. For official purposes it was known as Government House and was the governor's official Montreal residence which complemented his other residence in Quebec City (the Chateau St. Louis ), and a country retreat in Sorel . In 1878,

520-592: The Island of Montreal, heading northeast towards Quebec City , and is known as the Chemin du Roy (Route 138). The name Rue Notre-Dame is used as far east as Lavaltrie ; beyond here, Route 138 becomes Grande Côte Ouest in Saint-Damien . 45°30′21″N 73°33′22″W  /  45.505704°N 73.556004°W  / 45.505704; -73.556004 Little Burgundy Its approximate boundaries are Atwater Avenue to

560-557: The Parliament Buildings in Montreal on April 25, 1849. In her book British Regulars in Montreal , Elinor Senior describes the cortege as follows: "All shops were closed from half-past ten in the morning until one o'clock. Sir James Edward Alexander estimated that 10,000 lined the street as minute guns sounded from Saint Helen's Island to mark the movement of the cortege to the military burying ground on Victoria Road (now Rue Papineau)". The spire of Christ Church can be seen on

600-487: The UNIA. The neighbourhood became famous for producing several talented jazz musicians; Oscar Peterson and Oliver Jones are the two best-known. Other jazz artists who had resided in the community were Charlie Biddle and Daisy Sweeney . During Prohibition and the later pre- Jean Drapeau years as an 'open city,' Little Burgundy was home to several nightclubs featuring homegrown and international performers; one of them

640-505: The area as a meadow known as "la petite Bourgogne." The authors of the urban renewal study "kept this name, full as it is of poetry and nostalgia for another landscape," and this name was retained as the name of the neighbourhood after the renewal program ended. In the early 1980s, the City of Montreal renamed Little Burgundy to Quartier Georges-Vanier , after the Governor General Georges Vanier , in an attempt to remove

680-585: The basin of the Lachine Canal just west of the St. Gabriel locks. Saint-Joseph Ward was bordered by that line, St. Antoine Street, Victoria Square , McGill Street, and Notre-Dame Street. At this time, the Grand Trunk Railway ran directly through the area, terminating at St. Bonaventure Station. Already hurt by the Great Depression before the war, like the rest of the area around Lachine Canal, Little Burgundy

720-502: The building opened its doors to host Université de Montréal 's first Faculty of Medicine . The building was bought by the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal and converted into an historical museum and portrait gallery in 1894. Sir Andrew Taylor designed alterations to the Chateau in 1895. Today, the museum's collection is composed mainly of gifts from private Montrealers and

760-490: The city. The Logements programs auctioned lots from the public land bank, much of which had been acquired through the renewal program, to private developers at below-market rates. The land acquired from the removal of the CN railyards in 1982 also figured in the new construction. Between 1980 and 1986, 1179 housing units were constructed through the Logements programs, 233 of which were nonprofit or co-operative housing. Many of

800-437: The construction of many handsome buildings which are the mainstay of today's antiques district. Sainte-Cunégonde was absorbed into the city of Montreal in 1906; the former town hall is now a public library and community centre, located on Vinet Street. Sainte-Cunégonde was bounded by the Lachine Canal, Atwater Avenue, Dorchester Street (now Boul. René-Lévesque), and a straight line from the corner of Atwater and Tupper streets to

840-572: The green spaces along the Lachine Canal. A library and cultural centre is located at the corner of Workman and Vinet. Several historic sites and buildings are located in the neighbourhood, including the Lachine Canal Natural Historic Site of Canada and its Pointe-des-Seigneurs archeological site and the Negro Community Centre. The Atwater Market is located at the southwestern corner of the neighbourhood. Little Burgundy

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880-568: The home to the English-speaking black community. Joe Beef Restaurant is located on Notre-Dame Street in Little Burgundy. The funeral of Lt.-General Sir Benjamin d'Urban passed down Rue Notre Dame in 1849 and was captured in a painting by James Duncan. The funeral was instrumental in allaying bitter feelings and in preventing clashes between troops and the populace following the Burning of

920-425: The land was vacant by the end of the 1970s. By the 1980s, Little Burgundy became an area of concentrated poverty and was publicly associated with drug use, crime, and youth gangs. In the 1980s, Little Burgundy became one of the targets of the programs Opération 10,000 and 20,000 Logements (Operation 10,00/20,000 Homes), which aimed to increase property tax revenue by bringing a stable homeowner population back to

960-450: The left, together with one of the towers of Notre-Dame Basilica in the background. The building with the cupola and pennant at half-mast, in the middleground on the right, is Donegana's Hotel , which was situated at the corner of Notre-Dame and Bonsecours streets. It was destroyed by fire only a few months after the procession, on August 16, 1849. There were plans to turn the eastern portion of Notre-Dame street into an expressway. It

1000-453: The levels of private development anticipated. Between 1961 and 1971, the proportion of welfare recipients grew dramatically from 10% to 40%. Meanwhile, the area’s population dropped from 14,710 in 1966 to just 7,000 in 1973. The failed renewal scheme displaced up to 70% of the neighbourhood's Black community , particularly affecting business owners and the Black middle-class. As much as a third of

1040-866: The neighbourhood after the Domestic Immigration Program of 1955 was established. To combat poverty and social exclusion, the nascent Black community founded numerous social organizations: the Coloured Women’s Club of Montreal in 1902, the Union United Congregational Church in 1907, the UNIA in 1919, the Negro Community Centre in 1927, and the Elk's Victory Lodge in 1941. The parents of American Civil Rights leader Malcolm X met each other in Montreal through their involvement in

1080-562: The neighbourhood to the north. The École de technologie supérieure is located in the eastern end of the neighbourhood. Many young Francophone teens from the area attend Polyvalente St-Henri which is located in the adjacent neighbourhood of St-Henri , while the Anglophone teens depending on religion attended James Lyng & Westmount High School. Sporting facilities include the Centre sportif Georges-Vanier, Parc Oscar-Peterson, and Parc Vinet, and

1120-613: The neighbourhood. Also, the part of the neighbourhood north of Rue Saint-Antoine were demolished in 1970 to make room for the Ville-Marie Expressway , a provincial project. Between Little Burgundy and Saint-Henri, 1160 households were evicted for the expressway. The demolitions resulted in a dramatic displacement of the residents. Between 1968 and 1978, 1441 units of low-income public housing were constructed in Little Burgundy, beginning with Habitations Îlots Saint-Martin (Saint Martin's Blocks). Although Habitations Jeanne-Mance

1160-467: The origin of the name Little Burgundy ( Petite-Bourgogne ). A surveyor's map of 1855 identifies a property called Bourgogne, owned by the heirs of the Hon. Louis Guy (brother of Étienne Guy , for whom Guy Street was named). The property corresponds to the areas bounded today by Rue des Seigneurs, Rue Notre-Dame, Rue Saint-Martin, and Rue Saint-Antoine. Official use of the name "Petite Bourgogne" originates from

1200-494: The parish of Saint-Henri-des-Tanneries, it was set up as the village of Delisle in 1864, then Sainte-Cunégonde in 1876, becoming a town in 1884. The name derived from St. Cunigunde of Luxembourg , wife of St. Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor , a reference to the neighbouring parish. The industrial development along the Lachine Canal attracted many prestigious businesses to set up in the Ward of St. Joseph along Rue Notre-Dame, resulting in

1240-408: The stigma of the low-income area which public officials believed was deterring investment from private developers. During the public consultations for the City of Montreal's Master Plan ( Plan d'urbanisme ) in 1990, residents requested that the name Petite Bourgogne/Little Burgundy be reinstated. Essentially agricultural until 1810, today's Little Burgundy began to be built up the ward of St. Joseph,

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1280-573: The townhouses in Little Burgundy were constructed through the Logements programs, as well as the Foyer Hongrois home for the elderly. Today, the neighbourhood has endured several phases of gentrification . The sociodemographic profile of the neighbourhood has changed substantially. By 1991, 30% of dwellings were owner occupied. Devertreuil wrote, "Petite Bourgogne saw a 200% increase in administrators and professionals between 1981 and 1986, compared to

1320-701: The use of love letters to Jackie Robinson . The film explores the discrimination and racism experienced by the Black community within one of Canada's most integral Black communities. This neighbourhood is served by the Georges-Vanier station on the Montreal Metro . Lionel-Groulx station is also located nearby to the west in Saint-Henri . Major thoroughfares are Atwater Avenue, Georges Vanier Boulevard, Guy Street, Saint Antoine Street, Saint Jacques Street, and Notre Dame Street. The Ville-Marie Expressway bounds

1360-443: The west, Saint-Antoine to the north, Guy Street to the east, and the Lachine Canal to the south. The adjacent neighbourhoods are the borough of Ville-Marie and downtown Montreal to the north and northeast, Griffintown to the southeast, Pointe-Saint-Charles to the south, and Saint-Henri to the west. The neighbourhood comprises the former city of Sainte-Cunégonde and Saint-Joseph's ward. There are differing accounts of

1400-431: Was Rockhead's Paradise , owned by Rufus Rockhead , after whom a street is named. The decline of passenger train travel in the 1950s and 1960s hit the community hard, as hundreds of men were laid off. At the same time, Black-owned properties were expropriated by the city to build new highways, and many homes were torn down to clear land for a public housing project. Many Black families moved away. Little Burgundy, which

1440-495: Was created in 1672. The gardens of Château Vaudreuil , which had served as the official residence in Montreal of the Governors General of New France from 1723, fronted Notre-Dame. The street's extension in 1821 led to the demolition of Montreal's Citadel . The Bingham house, which became Donegana's Hotel , was also located on Notre-Dame. In the early 1900s, it was the site of the former Dominion Park . In Old Montreal , it

1480-463: Was hit hard by the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1956 and the closure of the canal in 1970. Numerous industries left for the suburbs, leaving the area in a state of decay. In 1966, the City of Montreal launched a large urban renewal project in Little Burgundy by demolishing countless residential and commercial buildings, replacing them with public housing developments, and revitalizing other parts of

1520-477: Was once home to 90 per cent of the city’s Black residents, by 1996 was now home to only 2 per cent of all Blacks in Montreal. In 1996, 21.2% of Little Burgundy residents were Black. By 2016, this number further declined to 15.9%. In 2021, filmmaker Henri Pardo created a film titled Dear Jackie , which focused on the once-thriving Black neighbourhood. The film shares personal stories and interviews from Black residents who have resided in Little Burgundy, through

1560-517: Was originally envisioned that autoroute 20 and the Ville-Marie expressway (until 2021 known as autoroute 720) now Route 136 were to extended all the way to the Lafontaine Tunnel as a divided 6 lane highway. Work commenced on the third section of the Autoroute 720 in 1970, subsequent to the completion of the first two sections. This involved demolishing 1200 homes and businesses in order to create

1600-464: Was the first public housing project in Montreal, Îlots Saint-Martin was the first public housing under Quebec's provincial housing authority ( Société d'habitation du Québec ) and was managed by the municipal housing office ( Office municipal d'habitation de Montréal ). In 1991, public housing was 39.3% of all housing in Little Burgundy and nearly 55% of the area's rental housing. The city's urban renewal program in Little Burgundy had failed to attract

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