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44-590: [REDACTED] Look up hi:चूड़ा  or चूडा in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Chura may refer to : Chura (knife) , a version of the Pesh-kabz knife Chura (bangles) , bangles worn by an Indian bride on her wedding day Ch'ura , a mountain in the Andes of Peru See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Chura Chuda State ,

88-577: A coat of mail, this reinforced tip spreads the chain link apart, enabling the rest of the blade to penetrate the armour. One knife authority concluded that the pesh-kabz "as a piece of engineering design could hardly be improved upon for the purpose". The knife is typically used as a thrusting weapon also held upside down in hand with the thumb on the bottom of the handle. However, the wide hollow-ground blade also possesses considerable slicing performance, and as such may also be used effectively with slashing or cutting strokes. Its ability to be used as either

132-476: A cutting or thrusting weapon has caused more than one authority to erroneously classify the pesh-kabz as a fighting dagger . Pesh-kabz are typically around 40–46 cm (16-18 inches) in overall length, with blades of approximately 28–33 cm (11-13 inches). When compared to other similar knives with T-section blades and reinforced tips, the pesh-kabz is virtually indistinguishable, save for its length of blade. The kard or bahbudi (antiq.) has

176-525: A different appearance. Pass along a road which is being used by babirs, or caravans, of these tribes- men, and it is not so hard to distinguish one from the other, not by his dress, for that is much the same, but by something indefinable in his air and carriage. The nearest I can get to it is to liken the Mahsud to a wolf, the Wazir to a panther. Both are splendid creatures; the panther is slier, sleeker and has more grace,

220-461: A former princely state in present Gujarat, western India Chuhra , a caste in India and Pakistan Chuda (disambiguation) Choorian (disambiguation) Shura (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chura . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

264-544: A longer blade (though still shorter than an Afghan sword such as the salwar yatagan ) and is considered a separate design, while the chura , used by the Mahsud clan of the Pashtun Khyber tribe , is a slightly shorter version of the pesh-kabz. The pesh-kabz has a full tang and is traditionally fitted with walrus (دندان ماهی dandān māhi ) ivory scales or handles , but other examples have been found using ivory from

308-475: A modernized version of the traditional knife fit for the use in modern war from the Wilkinson Sword Company. This exemplar combined a - straight - blade of the classic form with the hilt of a Lee-Enfield bayonet . Only 555 pieces were manufactured and none of these seems to have survived though there is a detailed sketch from the producers' archives. Mahsud The Mehsud Wazir or Maseed

352-579: A people who can never even think of submitting to a foreign power. " From 1860 to 1937, the English forces repeatedly attacked Maseed positions but never got a foothold in the area. The Maseed tribe inhabits a large portion of the center of Waziristan, which is drained by the Tank Zam and Shahur Rivers. The Maseed territory is a rough triangle between Jandola, the hills north of Razmak, and from Shuidar to Janimela, north of Wana. No portion of their territory touches

396-645: A reputation of trustworthiness. Maseed is the most independent of all the tribes. Even their own maliks have very limited control over them. However, Maseed have been increasingly integrated within Pakistani society since independence. Sir Olaf Caroe in his book published just after partition of the British India about Mahsuds They hold aloof, and are continually engaged in aggressive warfare against their Wazir cousins, at whose expense they have encroached to acquire new lands. And to those who know both tribes, they present

440-456: A strategy for countering the latest British advances. In 1925, the Royal Air Force successfully put down a Maseed rebellion by strafing the tribes' mountain strongholds. The action, which came to be known as Pink's War led to the tribal leaders seeking peace terms. In 1927 Ghazi Ramadan Khan Mahsud attacked Wana camp with a huge lashkar (tribal militia). The result was a big loss for

484-417: A thick spine bearing a "T" cross-section for strength and rigidity. In most examples, a pair of handle scales are fixed to the full-tang grip, which features a hooked butt. The earliest forms of this knife featured a recurved blade, suggestive of its Persian origin. In all variants the blade is invariably broad at the hilt, but tapers progressively and radically to a needle-like, triangular tip. Upon striking

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528-754: A thousand years. There are also some Maseeds living in the UAE , Germany and the United Kingdom . The Maseeds originally lived in the centre of Waziristan area of FATA . In the later 14th century, they migrated eastwards, and fell into dispute with the Bannuchi and Khattak tribes settled in the Shawal area. The Maseeds and the Wazirs succeeded in defeating the Khattaks and pushed them northeastwards towards Bannu and Kohat. Eventually,

572-558: Is a Afghan Karlani Pashtun tribe inhabiting mostly the South Waziristan Agency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The Maseeds usually pronounce their name Māsīd . They are divided into three great clans or subtribes, namely Alizai , Bahlolzai, and Shamankhel . Maseeds usually call these Drei Māsīd , meaning the "Three Maseeds". Each tribe has his own Khan . A minor number of Maseed are settled in

616-582: Is filled with Lat and Manat; May God grant you power to break them all. Zarb-e-Kaleem (Iqbal) In 1850, Lewat's tribesmen the Great Baromi's (Shabi Khel) defeated 3,000 British troops with only 300 fighters, using guerrilla tactics by attacking the British in the Valley of Bobar (Waziristan) from all sides with outdated rifles and swords. This attack demoralized

660-576: The Indian subcontinent by the Mughals. After armor ceased to be worn by modern armies, the pesh-kabz retained its utility as a close combat knife, and many Pashtun tribesmen, particularly the Mahsud , Afridi , and Shinwari clans, continued to use the design, along with the chura and kard . During their period of colonial rule in India, the British frequently referred to all Afghan blades of this pattern collectively as "Afghan knives" or "Khyber knives", after

704-526: The Khyber Pass that marked the transition from British India to the nation of Afghanistan. In India, manufacture of the pesh-kabz was centered in the northern city of Bhera , now part of Pakistan. The pesh-kabz is still used today as a personal weapon as well as a ceremonial badge of adulthood for Pashtun and other Afghan hill tribes. During World War 1 , on 17 January 1916, the Maharaja of Patiala ordered

748-746: The Logar Province of Afghanistan , especially in Charkh District , Baraki barak and Muhammad Agha , but also in Wardak , Ghazni and Kunduz Provinces. The Maseeds also inhabit the center and north of South Waziristan valley, surrounded on three sides by the Darweshkhel Wazirs , and being shut off by the Bettanis Pashtun tribe on the east from the Derajat and Bannu districts. Two Pashtun tribes,

792-728: The "settled" districts, and the tribe is surrounded on the north and west by the Wazirs, on the east by the Bhittanis, and on the south by the Wazirs and Shranis. Except for a few Shabi Khel in the Bannu District, some land near Gumal in the Tank Tehsil, and the colonies at Chark and elsewhere in the Logar Valley in Afghanistan, none of the Maseed own land outside of South Waziristan Agency. To escape

836-403: The 17th century to overcome the mail armor worn by mounted and foot soldiers of the day. The term itself was first used to describe the front of a girdle worn by Persian wrestlers , indicating that the pesh-kabz was worn centrally as opposed to the kard and other blades which were worn at the sides. It soon spread to neighbouring Afghanistan and Central Asia before eventually being introduced to

880-638: The Ahmadzai Wazirs and the Maseeds (Mahsuds), inhabit and dominate South Waziristan . Within the heart of Maseed territory in South Waziristan lies the influential Ormur (Burki) tribe's stronghold of Kaniguram . The Ormurs are considered by other tribes of South Waziristan to be close brethren of the Maseeds due to marital and other ties and the fact that the Ormurs have lived in and controlled Kaniguram for over

924-447: The Amir of Afghanistan. When World War I started in 1915, the British were concerned that they would be engaged in battle on more than one front. This was a threat to their safety and economy, so they decided to close those fronts of lesser significance. They abandoned their ‘Forward Policy’ for the time being and sent a message of friendship and peace to the tribes. The tribes did not trust

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968-458: The British all the way from Quetta kakar, and the British experienced difficulty when engaging them. It was during this time that the name of Mulla Powinda [Jagar Draman Khil][Miajee] [Laly Malik Denai] [Mulla ShaSaleem kaka] emerged. Powindah comes from the Pashto language , meaning " nomad ". Day after day, Mulla Powinda grew more popular and famous. His right-hand mulla Shasaleem Kaka Machikhel

1012-481: The British and made them fearful of the Maseeds. Survivors of this attack reported that the sight of the Maseed tribesmen charging at them (with loud roars and wearing long hair and beards like Lions) affected them mentally. In 1860, three thousand Maseed tribesmen attacked the British regiment base in Tank (present South Waziristan). The British struggled to defeat them. In 1897, Mujahed tribesmen again stood up against

1056-424: The British and rejected these peace proposals. Instead, the Maseed assembled a militia to attack the British. By this time, the British had established an air force in the subcontinent, which was used to harass the tribesmen, and as a result the tribe's hatred of the British increased. As a result of their suffering, they were bent upon taking revenge, and hence their morale increased. A series of attacks were made by

1100-559: The British army. In 1928 Ghazi Ramadan Khan Mahsud re-assembled his lashkar again for his next attack, on Sararogha Fort. This time he attacked with a powerful force, killed all of the defending soldiers (numbering 300) and took hold of the Fort. Immediately after Pakistan came into existence, Maseeds raised a tribal militia under Gaideen Khan Abdullai which entered Kashmir to help the newly created state Pakistan to capture Kashmir . They quickly reached Baramulla town, instead of pressing on to

1144-492: The British forces had moved from Wana to Razmak . They had constructed an airport there and instead of flying all the way from India , their aircraft would fly from Razmak Airport and bomb the countryside. Because of this, the countryside of Makeen was totally devastated. The Maseed deemed it appropriate at this time to agree to a ceasefire because this new British tactic was inflicting widespread losses on their side. The ceasefire, they imagined, would also enable them to devise

1188-508: The British invading troops and saved Afghanistan, they contributed a lot because Afghanistan was nearly in the hands of the British. John Ayde described the Maseeds: They are poor but brave… and although turbulent and difficult to deal with, still have a great love of their country and cherish their independence, possessing qualities that we admire ourselves, and which deserve consideration and respect. Maseed are very good marksmen and have

1232-786: The Mahsuds settled at the center of Waziristan , in the Makeen , Kaniguram and Lada area. During the British colonial period, the Maseeds were invaded by the British Empire , in 1925's Pink's War , in 1860, 1881, 1894–95, 1900–01 and in The Waziristan Campaign which ensued after the Afghan War of Independence In the words of Sir Olaf Caroe , who acted as the former governor of the British Indian Frontier, " The Maseed tribe are

1276-516: The Maseeds, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. The attack on the Marhatta Regiment resulted in the deaths of hundreds of sepoys and five British Officers. In the attack on the Punjab Regiment , the Maseed warriors slaughtered everyone. The aerial bombardments had inflicted significant losses on the tribesmen, but they were content that they were also doing well and had killed around 250 of

1320-507: The Pashto alphabet. He was born in Kanygram of Waziristan. The Roshani Ghorzang was one of the great revolutions in the land of Pshtonkhwa. Mula Shasleem kaka, Mula Pawenda Maseed and Haji Mirza Ali Khan Fight several years for the unity of both side Pashtons. Maseed have a Maseed Jarga for large problems. The Jarga is a tribal assembly of elders which takes decisions by consensus, particularly among

1364-415: The Wazir and Maseed tribesmen were blocked from entry into any government-controlled territory. Economic sanctions were imposed, blocking even basic amenities, such as food and medicine. The British commander of that time blockaded the areas of Makeen and Kaniguram. Various areas were searched to arrest Mulla Powinda without success. The British thought that the tribesmen were receiving weapons by sea, from

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1408-422: The capital, Srinagar , to seize Kashmir completely. A large number of tribals from Pakistan attacked Kashmir under the code name "Operation Gulmarg" to seize Kashmir. The invading tribals started moving along Rawalpindi-Murree-Muzaffarabad-Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947 with Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947. They reached and captured Baramulla on 25 October 1947. Pir Roshan is the first person who founded

1452-487: The coast of Balochistan and responded by creating checkposts, but no weapons were confiscated. Mulla Powindah died in 1913. It could be said that he was the crownless emperor of one of the most fearsome of the Pashtun Tribes, the Maseeds. Upon his death, his son Shah Fazal Din was given leadership and his son-in-law, Mulla Abdul Hakeem Kakar, was appointed his adviser. They have good relations with Amir Abdul Rahman Khan,

1496-575: The enemy forces. After the end of World War I, the British returned to Waziristan. This time, they built roads and forts throughout the land. The sophistication and constant patrols of the British Air Force helped create a secure atmosphere for their ground troops. With this sense of security, the British Army constructed a road from Jandola to Ladha . At Razmak , they constructed a cantonment for their army officers and soldiers. By 1922–23, all

1540-423: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chura&oldid=1235635609 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pesh-kabz Most pesh-kabz use a hollow-ground, tempered steel single-edged full tang , recurved blade with

1584-804: The region is hot in summer, with high temperatures around 110 °F (43 °C), and cool in winter, with low temperatures around 35 °F (2 °C). There is modest rainfall in July and August and in January and February. On many occasions, the Afghan throne was saved with the help of the Maseed (like General Ramzan Khan Maseed Shamankhel, Shabaram Khan Machikhel, Bakhan Maseed, Mosa Khan Maseed, Miajee Maseed, Jagar Maseed etc.), Burki/Baraki, and Wazirs from Waziristan, Pakistan. Of those who fought during this time, most came back to their homeland, but those who stayed were given high ranks of office, such as Faiz Muhammad Maseed, who

1628-455: The same holidays, dress the same , consume the same food , listen to the same music and are multi-lingual to a certain extent. In the southern and eastern region, Mehsuds live in accordance with the Pashtun culture and are usually bilingual in maseedwola also known as maseedo. Many Maseed live in the lower valleys during the winter. They return to family compounds at higher elevations during

1672-411: The severe cold in the higher hills during the winter, a large number move down to the lower valleys but always keep within the Maseed territorial limits. Many of these people live in caves or tents. "South Waziristan is mountainous with several high peaks; Pirghal, for example, being 11,600 feet. The Gomal is the main river, in addition to which there are many hill torrents, which remain dry for most of

1716-463: The summer. Valleys: Makeen , Wacha Khwara, Ladha , Baddar, Darra Algad, Khaisara, Mastang, Shaktu, Sheranna, Split Toi, Tak Zam Plains: Razmak Malik Allah Neer:velleys Kotkai Mountains: Kundeygaar, Pre Ghal, Spin Ghar , Spinkamar Rivers: Tak Zam, Gomal , Shahur, Shinkai Toi, Baddar Toi, Split Toi, Lower Khaisara Toi, Tauda China, Kundygar, Osspass, Karrama, Torwam, Thangi Parkhai The climate in

1760-459: The tusks of the rhinoceros , or elephant . Still other knives may be found with scales of wood, agate , jasper , rock crystal , horn , serpentine ( false jade ), or metal. The sheaths are typically constructed of metal or leather over wood, and may be inset with silver or precious stones. The pesh-kabz originated in Safavid Persia and is believed to have been created sometime in

1804-527: The wolf-pack is more purposeful, more united and more dangerous. The Saintly Poet of the East (Dr. Allama Iqbal) has also prayed for the dominant tribes of Waziristan Sher Shah Suri has so well said: The distinction of tribes is the cause of all ruin. Waziris and Mahsuds are names dearest to heart; Alas! They feel no pride in being Afghans. The Muslims of the mountains are divided into thousand tribes, And every tribe has its own idol. The same sanctuary

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1848-534: The year." The mountains and valleys geographically isolate the Maseed from large-scale movements of invaders and provide opportunities to conduct effective ambushes on enemies. The cave villages along the Shahur River near Barwand and along the Split Toi provide excellent hiding places and defensive positions. It is a tribal society having its own subculture . Nearly all Mehsud follow Islamic traditions , celebrate

1892-717: Was appointed as an interior minister during the Reign of Daud Khan in the 1970s. Today a minority of Maseeds are still in Logar Province , with the title of Waziri, but by caste, they are Maseeds. The majority of these are with a sub-caste of Malik Denai, Dramankel, Faridi, Shamirai شمیرائی, Shabi khel, etc. When the Soviet–Afghan War started, some of these families came back to Waziristan but could not stay there, so they moved to cities like Peshawar and Karachi . Some of them stayed in Waziristan and D.I. Khan. The Maseed helped in defeating

1936-457: Was popular among Wazirs and Maseed tribes. He emerged as a legendary figure among the people of the region and beyond. There was even a time the British considered him to be the sole leader of the Waziristan country. His followers would sporadically kill individual British officers. However, the British were not able to capture the attackers, who would return to their mountain hideouts. All attempts to stop these attacks were unsuccessful. In 1907,

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