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24-573: The department is traversed by the main cordillera of the Andes mountain range and lesser cordilleras. Parts of it lay within the basin of the Amazon River , and other parts within the basin of the Río de La Plata . The surface area of the department is 51,524 square kilometers. The topography of central Chuquisaca consists of a series of ridges rising up to 1500 m that run north and south with flat valleys between

48-478: A database of plant species in Bolivia and identified 39 separate vegetation zones in Bolivia within twelve general physiographic-biogeographical units of which four fall in the boundaries of Chuquisaca Department including: Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional, Prepuna or High Interandean Valleys, Bolivian-Tucuman Formation, and Chaco. Using Navarro and Ferreira's categories and descriptions based on vegetation zones,

72-540: A high level of speciation especially in the dry forest river valleys of the Bolivian-Tucuman formation. colder and drier air from more austral parts of South America have resulted in migration of plant communities with a floristic connection to those in Argentina, Paraguay and Southern Brazil as opposed to more tropical plant communities that result from warm and moist northern climates. Navarro and Ferreira have developed

96-459: A human population of 631,000 people humans are a part of the ecology of Chuquisaca. The grazing of cattle and introduction of invasive feral citrus trees has affected the native plant populations in the department. Native forests and ecosystems have contracted as land has been converted to pasture and erosion is widespread as a result of human agricultural activities on steep slopes. The chief executive office of Bolivia departments (since May 2010)

120-536: A registered citizen group called "Chuquisaca Somos Todos", or We Are All Chuquisaca. Members of the alliance won 4 out of the 21 seats in Chuquisaca's Departmental Legislative Assembly. Claudia Torres became president of We Are All Chuquisaca as upheld by the Multinational Constitutional Court of Bolivia in the fall of 2015. Since the alliance had no candidate for Mayor of Sucre , Jaime Barrón

144-471: A volcano, Argentina's Aconcagua , at 6,960 m or 22,830 ft, is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere). Some of the volcanoes have been active in historical times . Aside from the volcanic peaks, the cordilleran crests include many narrow ridges, some of which reach into the zone of permanent snow . Between the ranges are numerous inhabited valleys , basins and low plateaus , with

168-567: A wide range of elevations . We Are All Chuquisaca We Are All Chuquisaca ( Spanish : Chuquisaca Somos Todos ), was an electoral alliance created for the 2010 Bolivian regional elections that were held on April 4, 2010, in Cochabamba Department , Bolivia . John Cava, the former president of the Chuquisaca Civic Committee, was the alliance's candidate for Governor of Chuquisaca. He came in second with 35.5% of

192-503: Is characterized by a mesotropical dry xeric bioclimatic zone . Seasonally torrential waters and salinity levels affect regional vegetation patterns in this zone. Bolivian-Tucuman Formation. With a wide elevation range between 600m to 3900m this zone contains pluviestacional subhumid and locally humid bioclimatic zones. The high elevation Rio Grande and Pilcomayo river valleys transect this unit and are characterized by dry xeric vegetation zones with endemic and varied speciation especially in

216-562: Is most commonly used in physical geography and is particularly applied to the various large mountain systems of the American Cordillera , such as the Andes of South America , and less frequently to other mountain ranges in the " ridge " that rims the Pacific Ocean . In Colombia and Venezuela , cordilleras are named according to their position: Cordillera Occidental , Central , and Oriental . Various local names are used for

240-450: Is the governor; until then, the office was called the prefect, and until 2006 the prefect was appointed by the president of Bolivia . The current governor, Damián Condori Herrera, member of the CST , was elected on 7 March 2021. Under the 2009 Constitution, each Bolivian department has an elected Departmental Legislative Assembly. The first elections were held 4 April 2010. The majority party in

264-568: The Charcas, who were dispersed along riverbanks and lowlands. Their leaders, jampiris , sorcerers, and priests resided in the capital, Choque-Chaca , which according to 17th century chronicles had a population of several thousand. Sucre (elev. 2750 m) is called the city of the four names, each name corresponding to a different period of its history. It was founded by the Spaniard Pedro de Anzures in 1538. It thrived due to its regional proximity to

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288-665: The Rio Grande river valley and vegetation influence from the Chaco in the Pilcomayo river valley. Wet forest ecosystems like those found in more northern Yungas valleys are found on high ridges where clouds form. Chaco : from 400 to 900 m this unit is characterized by a xeric bioclimate. Sandy soils in this unit were formed from alluvial processes from the Parapeti and Grande rivers. Soil drainage affects vegetation dispersion within this unit. With

312-548: The cordilleras in Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Chile and Argentina . Such mountain systems have a complex structure, which is usually the result of folding and faulting accompanied by volcanic activity . In South America, the ranges include numerous volcanic peaks . The Andes cordillera has Ojos del Salado , the highest active volcano in the world and second-highest point in the Western Hemisphere (though not itself

336-476: The department of Chuquisaca vary widely according to a diversity of abiotic factors including soil formation and textures, rainfall patterns, and mineral and salinity content of water. Elevation plays an important role in the dispersion of vegetation species and wider ecosystems as they respond to microclimates. As the Andes Mountains became uplifted, plants adapted to dryer and higher microclimates resulting in

360-580: The famous silver mines of Potosi, and as Charcas served as capital of the Real Audiencia de Charcas, encompassing all of current Bolivia's territory and more. Reverting to its native name of Chuquisaca, it was the Upper Peru's chief administrative center and largest city. It was there that the first public call for independence from Spain took place, on May 25, 1809, and where the Act of Independence from Spanish rule

384-541: The geographical and ecological characteristics of the Chuquisaca Department can be described as follows. Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional. From an elevation of 3200m in Chuquisaca to nearly 6000 meters in Potosi, this zone is characterized by the puna, altoandean, and subnival and nival ecological zones with a pluviestacional subhumid bioclimate. Prepuna or High Interandean Valley. From 2300m to 3200m, this zone

408-498: The number of those belonging to the recognized group of speakers. 20°00′S 64°25′W  /  20.000°S 64.417°W  / -20.000; -64.417 Cordillera A cordillera is a small chain and/or network system of mountain ranges , such as those in the west coast of the Americas . The term is borrowed from Spanish , where the word comes from cordilla , a diminutive of cuerda ('rope'). The term

432-458: The regular seats. The current executive committee, elected on 28 April 2022, consists of Santos Ricardo Carnicel Serrano as president, Evert Cruz Quiroga as first vice-president, Janeth Rocio Blanco Martínez as second vice-president, Juan Cuellar as first secretary and Anastacio Flores Pinto as second secretary. The department is divided into 10 provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities and cantons . The native inhabitants were

456-489: The ridges. To the west of these ridges abruptly rise the Andes Mountains to 3000 m forming a prepuna landmass that is cut into by large river valleys that drain into the Amazon or Rio de la Plata river basins. To the east of the central ridges lies a stretch of territory containing low elevation flat Chaco topography. 90% of the land in the department of Chuquisaca has an inclination of 70% or more. Ecological and vegetation zones in

480-449: The tin-producing regions of Oruro and La Paz, Sucre's importance waned, leading to the displacement of the legislative and executive powers to La Paz. However, in honor of Sucre's historical preponderance, the judicial branch (Supreme Court) continues to operate there, and the city's official status as capital of the country was never revoked. The languages spoken in the department are mainly Spanish and Quechua . The following table shows

504-625: The twenty-one member assembly after the first election was held by the Movement towards Socialism (MAS-IPSP) with 15 seats. Four seats were held by We Are All Chuquisaca . Two seats were selected by the Guaraní people through usos y costumbres . The last elections to the Departmental Legislative Assembly took place on 1 March 2021 for seats reserved for the Guaraní people and 7 March for

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528-491: The votes. Cava's candidacy was backed by the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR), National Unity Front (UN), and Social Alliance political parties. The alliance also received support from multiple citizen groups including Movimiento 25 de Mayo (M-25), Movimiento Poder Ciudadano (MPC), Adelante Vecinos (AV), Chuquisaca Somos Todos (CST), Acción Regional (AR), and Gente. This alliance campaigned under

552-467: Was elected mayor to avoid dividing the vote. However, Barrón resigned after he was indicted for inciting the  violence that occurred in Sucre on May 24, 2008. Barron was suspended as mayor after the incitement of violence indictment and  Veronica Berrios was chosen as interim mayor of Sucre in mid-June 2010 by the council.  On November 15, Barrón was arrested. After the elections, Cava registered

576-499: Was signed on August 6, 1825. It was immediately designated the capital of independent Bolivia, under the auspices of Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre. Years later, the city of Chuquisaca was renamed Sucre in honor of the Venezuelan-born hero of South America's independence, who had served as the first effective administrator of the country (and second president). When the center of political and economic power shifted north, to

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