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26-677: The river is named after the town of Chrudim . The Chrudimka originates in Krouna in the Iron Mountains at the elevation of 705 m (2,313 ft) and flows to Pardubice , where it enters the Elbe River at the elevation of 216 m (709 ft). It is 106.0 km (65.9 mi) long, making it the 18th longest river in the Czech Republic . Its drainage basin has an area of 866.2 km (334.4 sq mi). The longest tributaries of

52-625: A lien. In 1047, Emperor Henry III negotiated a peace treaty between Bretislav and the Poles. This pact worked in Bretislav's favour, as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno. Bretislav was the author of decrees concerning the rules of Christianization , which included a ban on polygamy and trade on holidays . It was in 1030 that Bretislav married Judith of Schweinfurt . In 1054, he established rules for

78-463: A monastery in Schweinfurt. He was never punished for this crime, and he married Judith some time later. Their first son Spytihněv was born after almost ten years, which led to the hypothesis that the kidnapping happened in 1029, although Judith may have given birth to daughters before her first son. In all, there were five sons from the marriage that survived into adulthood: Bretislav I was buried in

104-528: Is 82 km (51 mi) long. The Chrudimka is suitable for river tourism . It belongs to the undemanding rivers suitable for beginner paddlers. Chrudim Chrudim ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈxruɟɪm] ) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 23,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest town of the region. The historic town centre is well preserved and

130-514: Is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Chrudim is made up of the town parts of Chrudim I–IV and the villages of Medlešice, Topol, Vestec and Vlčnov. The name was derived from the personal name Chrudim, meaning "Chrudim's (castle)". Chrudim is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Pardubice . It lies mostly in the Svitavy Uplands . The highest point is the hill Podhůra at 356 m (1,168 ft) above sea level. This hill

156-490: Is represented by edible frog , common toad , northern pike , European bullhead , common kingfisher , European otter and European crayfish . Before the Křižanovice II Reservoir there is Práčov, the largest hydroelectric power station in the Pardubice Region . Along the course of the river from its source to Chrudim there is an educational trail called Krajem Chrudimky ("through Chrudimka's region"), which

182-612: Is situated at the crossroads of two main roads: the I/17 (connecting Čáslav with the D35 motorway ) and the I/37 (connecting Hradec Králové and Pardubice with Žďár nad Sázavou the D1 motorway ). Chrudim is located on the railway lines Pardubice– Havlíčkův Brod and Chrudim– Moravany . There are four train stations in the town's territory: Chrudim , Chrudim město , Chrudim zastávka and Medlešice . South of

208-428: Is situated in the southern tip of the municipal territory, which extends into the Iron Mountains and the eponymous protected landscape area. The Chrudimka River flows through the town. The oldest archeological findings which provide first signs of the settlement in this area date back to the 5th millennium BC. Various cultures succeeded one on another in the territory of today's town of Chrudim and its vicinity. Since

234-801: The "Bohemian Achilles" , of the Přemyslid dynasty , was Duke of Bohemia from 1034 until his death in 1055. Bretislav was the son of Duke Oldřich and his low-born concubine Božena . As an illegitimate son who could not obtain a desirable wife by conventional means, he chose to kidnap Judith of Schweinfurt , a daughter of the Bavarian noble Henry of Schweinfurt , Margrave of Nordgau , in 1019 at Schweinfurt , and marry her. During his father's reign, in 1019 or 1029, Bretislav took back Moravia from Poland . About 1031, he invaded Hungary in order to prevent its expansion under king Stephen . The partition of Bohemia between Oldřich and his brother Jaromír in 1034

260-604: The Znojmo Appanage went to Conrad I ; and the Brno Appanage went to Otto I . The youngest son, Jaromír , entered the church and became Bishop of Prague . Bretislav died at Chrudim in 1055 during preparations for another invasion of Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihněv II as Duke of Bohemia. His sons Otto and Vratislav were shut out of the government by Spytihněv, but after his death gained control of Moravia and Bohemia, respectively. Bretislav married Judith ,

286-487: The 7th–8th century, the area is inhabited by Slavs . The first written mention of Chrudim is from 1055, when Duke Bretislav I died here according to Chronica Boemorum . The royal town of Chrudim was founded in 1276 by King Ottokar II for its location on a route from Prague to Moravia . From 1307, it became a dowry town , administered by Bohemian Queens. At the beginning of the Hussite Wars , Chrudim sided with

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312-573: The Chrudimka are: The most notable settlement on the river and the final destination before it enters the Elbe is the city of Pardubice . The river flows through the municipal territories of Krouna , Kameničky , Hamry , Hlinsko , Vítanov , Vysočina , Trhová Kamenice , Horní Bradlo , Seč , Bojanov , Libkov , České Lhotice , Svídnice , Slatiňany , Chrudim , Tuněchody , Úhřetice , Úhřetická Lhota and Pardubice. There are several reservoirs built on

338-553: The Chrudimka: Hamry, Seč, Seč II, Křižanovice I and Křižanovice II. The largest body of water in the basin area is the Seč Reservoir with an area of 220 ha (540 acres). Its purpose is primarily flood protection, but it is also used for recreation, hydropower generation and water retention in the dry season. There are 83 bodies of water larger than 1 ha in the basin area. The fauna in the river and its immediate surroundings

364-761: The Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Resselovo Square is the main square of the historic centre. It is lined with preserved burgher houses and includes the originally Renaissance town hall with Baroque façade. In the middle of the square there is the Baroque richly decorated sculptural column of the Transfiguration. One of the architectural symbols of the town is the Renaissance Mydlářovský House, typical with arcades and oriental-looking triple tower. Today it houses

390-712: The German King Henry III invaded Bohemia, but was forced to retreat after he lost the Battle at Brůdek (a pass in the Bohemian Forest ). The following year, Henry III invaded again, skirted the border defences and laid siege to Bretislav in Prague. Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by Bishop Šebíř of Prague, Bretislav had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia and recognize Henry III as his sovereign. In 1042, Emperor Henry III granted Bretislav Silesia as

416-571: The Museum of Puppetry Culture . A significant sight is also the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque building of the Chrudim Regional Museum . The historic centre was delimited by the town walls. Most of the walls, including several bastions, have been preserved. Chrudim is twinned with: Bretislav I Bretislav I ( Czech : Břetislav I. ; 1002/1005 – 10 January 1055), known as

442-519: The anti-Catholic side and the German-speaking population left the town. Since then, Chrudim has been an almost exclusively Czech territory by nationality. The town was in opposition to the ruling Habsburgs during the failed Estates Revolt in 1547 and Bohemian Revolt in 1618–1620, which always had serious consequences for it. Chrudim was also severely affected by the Thirty Years' War , during which

468-468: The daughter of Margrave Henry of Schweinfurt . The House of Přemysl wished to confirm its good relationship with the Babenbergs through a marriage to Judith in 1020. Judith was a desirable bride, but Oldřich of Bohemia had only one son, Bretislav, and he was of illegitimate birth, thus complicating the prospect of a marriage with the high-born Judith. Bretislav solved the problem by kidnapping Judith from

494-449: The ducal succession and introduced agnatic seniority as the law of succession. Younger members of the dynasty were supposed to govern fiefs (technically, parts of Moravia), but only at the duke's discretion. The result of this succession policy was the relative indivisibility of the Czech lands, but also bitter conflicts over succession and territorial primacy between members of the dynasty. It

520-405: The evangelical population left as a result of re-Catholicization. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Chrudim lost partly lost its economical and administrative importance, but it has become important educational and cultural centre, which led to its gain of the nickname "Athens of Eastern Bohemia". In 1871, the railway was built and the town regained economic significance. Until 1918, the town

546-550: The town is a public domestic airport. it was founded in 1937 Chrudim is known for the Loutkářská Chrudim Festival. The festival was established in 1951 and is the oldest continuous festival of puppetry in the world. Chrudim is home to the professional football club MFK Chrudim . Since 2018, it plays in the Czech National Football League . Until 1970, there was a motorcycle speedway track in

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572-702: The town. The site hosted a final round of the Czechoslovak Individual Speedway Championship in 1954, 1955 and 1961. The main landmark of Chrudim is the Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary on the town square. The originally Gothic building was founded before 1349 on the site of a castle. After it was damaged by several fires, it was reconstructed to its current Neo-Gothic form in 1857. Another notable churches with Gothic bases are Church of Saint Catherine, Church of Saint Michael, and Church of

598-539: The way back, he regained part of Silesia , including Wrocław . His main goal was to set up an archbishopric in Prague and create a large state subject only to the Holy Roman Empire . His raid had an unintended enduring influence on Polish history, as the plundering and destruction of Gniezno forced the next Polish rulers to move their capital to Kraków , which would retain this role for many centuries ahead. In 1040,

624-499: Was effectively ended by the elevation of Bohemia to the status of a kingdom under Ottokar I of Bohemia , which led to the establishment of primogeniture as the ruling principle for succession rights. Bretislav's eldest son Spytihněv was to succeed him as Duke of Bohemia with control over it domains. Moravia was incorporated into the Bohemian duchy, but divided among three of his younger sons. The Olomouc Appanage went to Vratislaus ;

650-693: Was part of Austria-Hungary , head of the Chrudim District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia . There are no major industrial companies in Chrudim. A middle-sized company based in the town is BASF Stavební hmoty Česká republika, part of the BASF conglomerate producing building materials. The largest employer with its headquarters in Chrudim is Arriva autobusy a.s. with more than 1,000 employees, focused on urban and suburban passenger transport. The town

676-529: Was probably the reason why Bretislav fled beyond the Bohemian border, only to come back to take the throne after Jaromír's abdication. In 1035, Bretislav helped Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II in his war against the Lusatians . In 1039, he invaded Lesser and Greater Poland , captured Poznań , sacked Gniezno , and brought the relics of St. Adalbert , Radim Gaudentius and the Five Brothers back with him. On

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