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24-497: The name of Chotěbuz is derived from an old Slavic personal name Chotěbud in Czech / Kocobąd or Chociebąd in Polish. The name originally meant "Chotěbud's castle". Chotěbuz is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Karviná and 20 km (12 mi) east of Ostrava . It lies on the border with Poland in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . The municipality is located in

48-566: A promontory above the Olza, known as Cieszyn . Near the old place a new settlement was established, Podobora . Chotěbuz was first mentioned in the document of Pope Gregory IX issued in 1229 among villages belonging to Benedictine abbey in Tyniec , as Koczobontz . In 1268 it was bestowed by Władysław Opolski to the newly established Benedictine abbey in Orlová Politically it belonged then to

72-521: A small German-speaking minority (at most 39 or 3.4% in 1910) and Czech-speaking (at most 17 or 1.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 majority were Protestants (52.6%), followed by Roman Catholics (46.8%). After World War I , Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia . Following the Munich Agreement , in October 1938 together with

96-520: A small fortress. After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia . Chotěbuz as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn . According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 975 in 1880 to 1,173 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 95.1% and 97.1%) accompanied by

120-655: Is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 50,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Olza River in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . Karviná is known as an industrial city with tradition in coal mining. The historic centre in Karviná-Fryštát is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Karviná is made up of nine city parts and villages: Karviná

144-592: Is curtailed and in 2021, two mines were closed. Coal mining as the main economic activity in the city will be gradually replaced by revitalization of the landscape after mining. Karviná is the centre of education of the region with its wide range of specialised secondary schools and, especially, the School of Business Administration of the Silesian University in Opava . Karviná, as a multi-ethnic city of Cieszyn Silesia ,

168-462: Is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Ostrava on the border with Poland , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . It lies in the Ostrava Basin . The highest point is the hill Rájský kopec at 306 km (190 mi) above sea level. The city is situated on the right bank of the Olza River. The Stonávka River joins the Olza in the territory of Karviná. The municipal territory

192-563: Is owned by the city and since 1997 it has been open to the public. The Sokolovských hrdinů Bridge in Darkov is a reinforced concrete road bridge from 1922–1925, protected as a cultural monument. Karviná is twinned with: D48 motorway (Czech Republic) D48 motorway ( Czech : Dálnice D48 ), formerly Expressway R48 ( Czech : Rychlostní silnice R48 ) is a highway in eastern Czech Republic . Expressway sections between Bělotín and few kilometres east of Nový Jičín were built in

216-550: Is rich in fishponds. The first written mention of Karviná is from 1268. It was located on a trade route, which helped its development. It gained various privileges, but the prosperity ended with the Thirty Years' War . The discovery of hard coal deposits in Karviná in the second half of the 18th century brought a major turnaround in the economic development of Karviná and the entire region. The less significant village of Karviná near

240-639: The Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and Castellany of Cieszyn , which was in 1290 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty . In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia , which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy . From 1447, Chotěbuz was a part of the Fryštát estate. In 1559, Chotěbuz was acquired by Václav Rucký of Rudz, who had built here

264-548: The Moravian-Silesian Foothills , on the left bank of the Olza River. The highest point is the hill Potůčky at 346 m (1,135 ft) above sea level. Chotěbuz is one of the oldest villages in Cieszyn Silesia. There was a Slavic fortified settlement ( gord ). It was an important centre since the 8th century. At the beginning of the 11th century, people abandoned the gord and founded a new castle and town on

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288-500: The Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland , administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship . It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II . After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia . Until 1974, Chotěbuz was a sovereign municipality. From 1974 to 1997, it was an administrative part of Český Těšín . Since 1998, it has been separate again. Polish minority makes up 17.0% of

312-556: The 13th and 14th centuries. Window openings in the tower and roof are from the 19th century. In the vicinity of the keep is the Chotěbuz Castle. It was originally built in the 16th century and completely rebuilt in 1875–1879. It was again renovated in 1947 and has partially lost its historical character. Nowadays the building is empty and dilapidated. Karvin%C3%A1 Karviná ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarvɪnaː] ; Polish : Karwina , German : Karwin )

336-642: The 1950s, when as a part of a communist unification of sport in Czechoslovakia, the Czech clubs were joined to ZSJ OKD Mír Karviná and the Polish Polonia Karwina was incorporated into that club. Today, the only football club in the city is MFK Karviná , playing in the Czech First League . Karviná is also home to a successful handball club, HCB Karviná , which became twice Czechoslovak champions and eleven times Czech champions. Other sport clubs in

360-419: The 1970s and 1980s, but only as a four-lane main road, so they are too narrow to have expressway parameters. Reconstruction of these sections is planned. The total length of this section is 33 km. Besides these, there are also few kilometres of expressway in operation east of Frýdek-Místek , and there is also a bypass of Český Těšín to Poland . As of December 2023 49 km (30 mi) of highway

384-450: The city include two ice hockey teams SK Karviná (playing in the lower division) and HC Baník Karviná (playing in the 2nd Czech league), and the athletics club, with tennis, gymnastics, and ice skating being also very popular and established sports within the region. The last remnant of the original village of Karviná is the baroque Church of Saint Peter of Alcántara in Doly. After the area

408-435: The important town of Fryštát gained importance for the whole Austria-Hungary . Following World War I , it was contested by Poland and Czechoslovakia , and after the split of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia as the main mining centre in the country. In 1923, it gained city rights. In October 1938 was annexed by Poland as part of the region known as Trans-Olza , and during World War II it

432-539: The municipal territory, are the I/67 road from Český Těšín to Bohumín and briefly the I/11 road (the section from Ostrava to Český Těšín). Chotěbuz is located on the railway line heading from Ostrava to Český Těšín and further to Mosty u Jablunkova . Podobora is today an archaeological site which was partly rebuilt to form an archeopark open to the public. A keep is the last remnant of an old Gothic fortress which stood here in

456-428: The population are Poles and 4.4% of the population are Slovaks (including people with two ethnicities). The Polish population has been historically declining. In the past the town had a significant German community. Karviná is one of the most important coal mining centres in the country. Together with neighbouring cities it forms the industrial Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin. Due to low profitability, however, mining

480-562: The population. There is a border crossing with Poland Chotěbuz / Boguszowice in the municipality, one of the most frequented in the country and the largest between the Czech Republic and Poland. It is connected with the Polish one by a long bridge built in 1991 running over the Olza River. The border crossing is located on the D48 motorway that ends here. Other main roads, which passes through

504-453: Was a home to many football clubs established by particular ethnic groups after World War I . At that time many football clubs within the Polish, German, Czech, and Jewish communities were founded. The best known and most successful Polish club was PKS Polonia Karwina , founded in 1919. After World War II , the German and Jewish clubs were not reestablished. The Czech and Polish clubs existed until

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528-422: Was chosen as the coat of arms of Karviná and Fryštát became the historical centre of this industrial city. The period after World War II is characterised by the economic orientation on heavy industry. In 2003, Karviná became a statutory city . According to the 1980 census, at its peak, Karviná had 78,546 inhabitants, but in the 21st century, the population dropped under 50,000. According to the 2021 census, 5.1% of

552-558: Was occupied by Nazi Germany . The Germans operated a Gestapo prison in the city, and several forced labour camps, including a Polenlager solely for Poles , a camp solely for Jews , and a subcamp of the Nazi prison in Cieszyn . After the war it again became a part of Czechoslovakia. In 1948 Karviná, Fryštát, and the surrounding villages of Darkov , Ráj , and Staré Město were merged into one city named Karviná. The coat of arms of Fryštát

576-626: Was undermined during the coal mining, it fell by 36 metres (118 ft) and inclined 6.8° south of the vertical axis. Today the historic centre is located in Fryštát part of Karviná. The main sight is the Fryštát Castle. The original structure was rebuilt and reconstructed several times, after it was finally rebuilt in the Empire style in 1800. In the same time, the English castle park was founded. Nowadays it

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