An intersection or an at-grade junction is a junction where two or more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height, as opposed to an interchange , which uses bridges or tunnels to separate different roads. Major intersections are often delineated by gores and may be classified by road segments, traffic controls and lane design.
31-593: Char Dham National Highway , is an under construction two-lane (in each direction) 889 km long National Highway with a minimum width of 10 metres in the Indian state of Uttarakhand under Char Dham Pariyojana . The under construction highway will complement the under-construction Char Dham Railway by connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand states namely Badrinath , Kedarnath , Gangotri and Yamunotri . The project includes 889 km national highways which will connect
62-604: A baseline of 12.1 km/day in 2014 rising to 28.3 km/day (143%). The speed of highway construction reached 37 km per day in 2020-21, a record for fastest highway construction in India. National Highway of India in 2014, 91287km. National Highway of India in 2023, 146145km. As at end-March and length in kms. Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India. State-wise length of National Highways Note: Yearly data for 2018 and 2020 are not available. National Highways Authority of India has enough funds to increase
93-569: A circular green indication to show that turns in the direction of the arrow are prohibited, but other movements are allowed. In some jurisdictions, a red arrow prohibits a turn on red . In Europe, if different lanes have differing phases, red, yellow and green traffic lights corresponding to each lane have blacked-out areas in the middle in the shape of arrows indicating the direction(s) drivers in that lane may travel in. This makes it easier for drivers to be aware which traffic light they need to pay attention to. A green arrow may also be provided; when it
124-531: A network of limited access roads owned by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways . National highways have flyover access or some controlled-access , where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover. At each highway intersection, flyovers are provided to bypass the traffic on the city, town, or village. These highways are designed for speeds of 100 km/h. Some national highways have interchanges in between, but do not have total controlled-access throughout
155-477: A specialised agency in high altitude areas and border areas. Apart from highways, NHIDCL is constructing logictic hubs and transport related infrastructure e.g. multimodal transport hubs such as bus ports, container depots, automated multilevel car parking etc. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways adopted a new systematic numbering of National Highways in April 2010. It is a systematic numbering scheme based on
186-603: A turn lane does not normally indicate a prohibition of turns in that direction. Instead, traffic control signs are used to prohibit specific turns. Turn lanes can increase the capacity of an intersection or improve safety. Turn lanes can have a dramatic effect on the safety of a junction. In rural areas, crash frequency can be reduced by up to 48% if left turn lanes are provided on both main-road approaches at stop-controlled intersections. At signalized intersections, crashes can be reduced by 33%. Results are slightly lower in urban areas. Turn lanes are marked with an arrow bending into
217-584: Is a fully owned company of Government of India under Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and was created to develop, maintain and manage the national highways, strategic roads and other infrastructure of India. It was dedicated to the task of promoting regional connectivity in parts of the country which share international boundaries. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways in hilly terrain of North-East part of India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh and Uttarakhand. It works as
248-417: Is an upgrading/widening of existing four lane highways into six lane highways which are not controlled access highways. Intersection (road) This article primarily reflects practice in jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the right . If not otherwise specified, "right" and "left" can be reversed to reflect jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the left . One way to classify intersections
279-428: Is being expanded to six or more lanes. Some sections of the network are toll roads . Only a few highways are built with concrete. Bypasses have been constructed around larger towns and cities to provide uninterrupted passage for highway traffic. Some existing roads have been reclassified as national highways. The National Highways Act, 1956 provided for public i.e. state investment in the building and maintenance of
310-598: Is by the number of road segments (arms) that are involved. Another way of classifying intersections is by traffic control technology: At intersections, turns are usually allowed, but are often regulated to avoid interference with other traffic. Certain turns may be not allowed or may be limited by regulatory signs or signals, particularly those that cross oncoming traffic. Alternative designs often attempt to reduce or eliminate such potential conflicts. At intersections with large proportions of turning traffic, turn lanes (also known as turn bays ) may be provided. For example, in
341-481: Is known from the crossing at Shibuya Station , Tokyo. In 2020, NHTSA reported that more than 50% of pedestrian deaths in the United States (3,262 total) were attributed to failure to yield the right of way-- which typically occurs at intersections. Poor visibility at junctions can lead to drivers colliding with cyclists and motorcyclists. Some junctions use advanced stop lines which allow cyclists to filter to
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#1733202201879372-446: Is on, drivers heading in the direction of the arrow may proceed, but must yield to all other vehicles. This is similar to the right turn on red in the US. Disadvantages to turn lanes include increased pavement area, with associated increases in construction and maintenance costs, as well as increased amounts of stormwater runoff. They also increase the distance over which pedestrians crossing
403-533: The Government of India with a target of constructing 83,677 km (51,994 mi) of new highways, was started in 2018. Phase I of the Bharatmala project involves the construction of 34,800 km of highways (including the remaining projects under NHDP) at an estimated cost of ₹ 5.35 lakh crore (US$ 64 billion) by 2021–22. The average speed of NH construction has also seen a significant increase, from
434-1178: The Michigan left / Superstreet (RCUT/MUT) and continuous flow intersection (CFI/DLT), to improve traffic flow, and also interchange types like Diverging diamond interchange (DDI/DCD) design as part of the Federal Highway Administration 's Every Day Counts initiative which started in 2012. Vulnerable road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and individuals using motorized scooters and similar devices. Compared to people who are in motor vehicles (like cars and trucks), they are much more likely to suffer catastrophic or fatal injuries at an intersection. Intersections generally must manage pedestrian as well as vehicle traffic. Pedestrian aids include crosswalks , pedestrian-directed traffic signals ("walk light") and over / underpasses . Traffic signals can be time consuming to navigate, especially if programmed to prioritise vehicle flow over pedestrians, while over and underpasses which rely on stairs are inaccessible to those who can not climb them. Walk lights may be accompanied by audio signals to aid
465-401: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways . The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) is a major effort to expand and upgrade the network of highways. NHAI often uses a public–private partnership model for highway maintenance, and toll-collection. NHIDCL uses Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) model to build, develop and maintain strategic roads in international borders of
496-604: The National Highway Development Project (NHDP). As of March 2022 India has approximately 35,000 km of four laned National highways. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) are the nodal agencies responsible for building, upgrading, and maintaining most of the National Highways network. It operates under
527-577: The National Highways Development Project (NHDP), in which the main north–south and east–west corridors and highways connecting the four metropolitan cities ( Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai and Kolkata ) have been fully paved and widened into four-lane highways. Some of the busier National Highway sectors in India were also converted to four- or six-lane limited-access highways. National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited started functioning as of 18 July 2014. It
558-561: The Cabinet Secretary of India, to ensure that rail and road highway routes are integrated on this circuit. Originating from Rishikesh, Char Dham highway network will have 5 distinct routes, From west to east and south to north: The project will have bypasses, bridges, viaducts, pit stops, parking, helipads and helicopter emergency response services, etc. along the way. National Highway (India) The national highways in India are
589-656: The country. In India, National Highways are at-grade roads , whereas Expressways are controlled-access highways where entrance and exit is controlled by the use ramps that are incorporated into the design of the expressway . National Highways follows standards set by Indian Roads Congress and Bureau of Indian Standards . India has 161,350 km (100,260 mi) of national highways as of March 2022 compared to 1,01,011 km in FY 2013–14. In July 2023, Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari said total length of
620-512: The direction of the turn which is to be made from that lane. Multi-headed arrows indicate that vehicle drivers may travel in any one of the directions pointed to by an arrow. Traffic signals facing vehicles in turn lanes often have arrow-shaped indications. North America uses various indication patterns. Green arrows indicate protected turn phases, when vehicles may turn unhindered by oncoming traffic. Red arrows may be displayed to prohibit turns in that direction. Red arrows may be displayed along with
651-474: The front of a traffic queue which makes them more visible to drivers. A European study found that in Germany and Denmark, the most important crash scenario involving vulnerable road users was: These findings are supported by data elsewhere. According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration , roughly half of all U.S. car crashes occurred at intersections or were intersection related in 2019. In
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#1733202201879682-509: The highway construction project will be called as Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway Development Project) and is made to improve the connectivity to the Chota Char Dham nestled in the Himalayas . Road will include several long bridges and tunnels to eliminate accident and slide prone areas. Indian Railways and National Highways Authority of India have been directed, by
713-568: The highways. The National Highways Authority of India was established by the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988 . Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain, and manage the National Highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India. In 1998 India launched a massive program of highway upgrades, called
744-480: The highways. The highways are constructed and managed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD), the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL), and the public works departments (PWD) of state governments. Currently, the longest national highway in India is National Highway 44 at 4,112 km (2,555 mi). India started four laning of major national highways with
775-405: The intersection shown in the diagram, left turn lanes are present in the right-left street. Turn lanes allow vehicles, to cross oncoming traffic (i.e., a left turn in right-side driving countries, or a right turn in left-side driving countries), or to exit a road without crossing traffic (i.e., a right turn in right-side driving countries, or a left turn in left-side driving countries). Absence of
806-412: The national highways in the country increased by about 59% in the last nine years. National highways constituted 2.7% of India's total road network, but carried about 40% of road traffic, as of 2013. In 2016, the government vowed to double the highway length from 1,01,011 to 2,00,000 km. The majority of existing highways are now four-lane roads (two lanes in each direction), though much of this
837-458: The orientation and the geographic location of the highway. The new system indicates the direction of National Highways whether they are east–west (odd numbers) or north–south (even numbers). It also indicates the geographical region where they are with even numbers increasing from east to west starting from NH2 and odd numbers increasing from north to south starting from NH1. Bharatmala , a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of
868-767: The pace of road building. At the listing ceremony of the National Highways Infra Trust's (NHAI InVITs) non-convertible debentures, the National Highway Infra Trust issued and listed Non-Convertible Debentures or NCDs worth Rs 1,500 crore on the Bombay Stock Exchange, with a long-dated maturity of 25 years. NHAI collected tolls worth Rs 34,742 crore on national highways in FY22. Additionally NHAI toll revenue will to soar to Rs 1.40 lakh crores in next three years. Brownfield National Highway Projects
899-438: The street are exposed to vehicle traffic. If a turn lane has a separate signal phase, it often increases the delay experienced by oncoming through traffic. Without a separate phase, left crossing traffic does not get the full safety benefit of the turn lane. Alternative intersection configurations, formerly called unconventional intersections, can manage turning traffic to increase safety and intersection throughput. These include
930-460: The visually impaired. Medians can offer pedestrian islands, allowing pedestrians to divide their crossings into a separate segment for each traffic direction, possibly with a separate signal for each. Some intersections display red lights in all directions for a period of time . Known as a pedestrian scramble , this type of vehicle all-way stop allows pedestrians to cross safely in any direction, including diagonally. All green for non motorists
961-449: The whole of Uttarakhand state. It will connect Delhi–Dehradun Expressway on its southern end to India-China Border Roads on its northern ends. The total cost of ₹ 12,000 crores and the foundation stone of the project was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 27 December 2016 at Parade Ground in Dehradun . The highway will be called Char Dham Mahamarg (Char Dham Highway) and