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90-451: Cocking Foundry (also known as Chorley Iron Foundry ) is an abandoned iron foundry in the South Downs of England. It was situated to the north of the village of Cocking, West Sussex and was active for most of the 19th century. The foundry's output included wheels for watermills , some of which remain in use. The foundry was situated at grid reference SU883185 on Costers Brook,

180-419: A millwright and engineer. After serving a probationary term, Brown complained to his father that Chorley was no more than a simple millwright and that after his apprenticeship he would have to look for employment elsewhere in order to obtain the knowledge he required. By the end of the following year, the arrangement with Chorley was ended and Brown was engaged on designing a "machine for cutting tobacco". Brown

270-418: A pattern is made in the shape of the desired part. Simple designs can be made in a single piece or solid pattern. More complex designs are made in two parts, called split patterns. A split pattern has a top or upper section, called a cope, and a bottom or lower section called a drag. Both solid and split patterns can have cores inserted to complete the final part shape. Cores are used to create hollow areas in

360-400: A finished product. More and more, finishing processes are being performed by robotic machines, which eliminate the need for a human to physically grind or break parting lines, gating material, or feeders. Machines can reduce risk of injury to workers and lower costs for consumables — while also increasing productivity. They also limit the potential for human error and increase repeatability in

450-445: A material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve a desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing , case-hardening , precipitation strengthening , tempering , and quenching . Although

540-467: A new water supply should be obtained from springs at Gorehill to the south-east of the town. A new pumping station was built, under consulting engineers Hassard & Tyrrell, at Haslingbourne from where the water was pumped by a 6 h.p. Mason & Weyman steam engine with a Cornish boiler, through 5 in (127 mm) pipes to a new reservoir near the Cottage Hospital, on high ground a mile east of

630-461: A northward flowing tributary of the River Rother , about 1.2 km (0.7 mi) north of Cocking and 2.6 km (1.6 mi) south of Midhurst . The site is now on private property and few traces remain visible. The earliest known reference to the foundry at Cocking is in the estate account books of Uppark from 1818 which record payments to Robert Chorley of Cocking Foundry for the repair of

720-493: A number of non-return valves. At its peak, the pump could deliver water at the rate of 20,000 imp gal (91,000 L; 24,000 US gal) per day, or "a hogshead a minute". The original water wheel was made entirely of wood but was replaced in the mid-19th century by an iron wheel cast at the Chorley Iron Foundry at Cocking . The present wheel has two cast iron spiders with hexagonal centres fixed to

810-420: A particular metal and have furnaces dedicated to these metals. For example, an iron foundry (for cast iron) may use a cupola , induction furnace, or EAF, while a steel foundry will use an EAF or induction furnace. Bronze or brass foundries use crucible furnaces or induction furnaces. Most aluminium foundries use either electric resistance or gas heated crucible furnaces or reverberatory furnaces. Degassing

900-406: A patent for "Improvements in plansifters and the like" (United Kingdom Patent GB353145). A "plansifter" was "a stack of sieves of decreasing mesh size that separate particles by size" for use in milling operations. In 1992, Phyllis Catt, the daughter of John Gwillim published "A Miller's Daughter" in which she recorded her experiences living at the mill and North Mill, Midhurst to a background of

990-423: A temporary visitor centre was in place and regular fortnightly work sessions were under way. As the pump installation was below ground level, and the mill having been demolished, the plan was to acquire a barn locally and erect it over the installation. A 100-year-old barn was obtained from the nearby Goodwood estate and erected over the pump both to protect it and to serve as a visitor centre. By early 1980,

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1080-410: A vacuum or pressurized gas. Many modern foundries use robots or automatic pouring machines to pour molten metal. Traditionally, molds were poured by hand using ladles . The solidified metal component is then removed from its mold. Where the mold is sand based, this can be done by shaking or tumbling. This frees the casting from the sand, which is still attached to the metal runners and gates — which are

1170-402: A water turbine and the grindstones being replaced by steel rollers. An engine house was built in 1919 to provide supplementary power for when there was little water in the river, and a second turbine was added in 1922. The mill was destroyed by fire in 1923, and an unattractive steel-framed concrete building replaced it. From the early 20th century until the mill was closed in 1972, the mill

1260-465: A water-wheel. The Ordnance Survey map of 1875 marks the site as "Foundry Pond". This was still referred to as "Foundry Pond" as recently as 1953. In 1839, Charles "Carlino" Brown (1820–1901), the son of Charles Armitage Brown (close friend and biographer of the poet John Keats ), came to Midhurst to visit his Uncle William. While in Midhurst, he met Robert Chorley who agreed to employ and train him as

1350-430: A wrought iron shaft. The spiders are 8 ft 6 in (2.6 m) in diameter with oak paddles 16 in (410 mm) deep by 4 ft 6 in (1.4 m) wide, making the overall diameter of the wheel 11 ft 2 in (3.4 m). The alignment between the crankshaft and the waterwheel shaft was not very accurate; to reduce friction, the bearings between the wheel and the pump were left loose. When operating,

1440-409: Is a complex process, and the design can be optimized based on multiple factors. Furnaces in foundries can be any size, ranging from small ones used to melt precious metals to furnaces weighing several tons, designed to melt hundreds of pounds of scrap at one time. They are designed according to the type of metals that are to be melted. Furnaces must also be designed based on the fuel being used to produce

1530-414: Is a process that may be required to reduce the amount of hydrogen present in a batch of molten metal. Gases can form in metal castings in one of two ways: Hydrogen is a common contaminant for most cast metals. It forms as a result of material reactions or from water vapor or machine lubricants. If the hydrogen concentration in the melt is too high, the resulting casting will be porous; the hydrogen will exit

1620-448: Is another form of recycling. In metalworking , casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold , which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Melting

1710-650: Is believed to be the first of its kind in the south east of England. The six-ton screw can develop 65,000 kWh of electricity per annum and is connected to the National Grid . The project was managed by Robin Wilson CBE , the chairman of the Coultershaw Trust, who had been president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1991–92. The trust has continued to improve the facilities at Coultershaw. In July 2013, work

1800-585: Is cleaned using a blasting process. This means a granular media will be propelled against the surface of the casting to mechanically knock away the adhering sand. The media may be blown with compressed air, or may be hurled using a shot wheel. The cleaning media strikes the casting surface at high velocity to dislodge the mold remnants (for example, sand, slag) from the casting surface. Numerous materials may be used to clean cast surfaces, including steel, iron, other metal alloys, aluminium oxides, glass beads, walnut shells, baking powder, and many others. The blasting media

1890-575: Is happening inside the mold or die during the casting process. Coultershaw Coultershaw Bridge is a rural community situated 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south of the town Petworth in West Sussex , England where the A285 road from Petworth to Chichester crosses the River Rother . Between 1792 and 1888, there were also wharves and a lock at Coultershaw on the Rother Navigation . Until

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1980-582: Is in privately owned woodland on the banks of Costers Brook. In October 1988, Sussex Mills Group organised a site visit. They found traces of the dried up pond and evidence of flow-control mechanism with a large quantity of stone debris in the vicinity. Iron foundry Foundries are one of the largest contributors to the manufacturing recycling movement, melting and recasting millions of tons of scrap metal every year to create new durable goods. Moreover, many foundries use sand in their molding process. These foundries often use, recondition, and reuse sand, which

2070-502: Is known to exist, the restored Coultershaw pump was declared an Ancient Monument in 1980. Although the mill was demolished in 1973, the beam pump and water wheel were saved for restoration, although the sluices and waterwheel paddles needed replacement. In 1976, the Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society received permission from the present Lord Egremont to restore the pump to working order. The restoration

2160-408: Is material from other forming processes such as punching , forging , or machining . Internal scrap consists of gates , risers , defective castings, and other extraneous metal oddments produced within the facility. The process includes melting the charge, refining the melt, adjusting the melt chemistry and tapping into a transport vessel. Refining is done to remove harmful gases and elements from

2250-418: Is performed in a furnace . Virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements are used to charge the furnace. Virgin material refers to commercially pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy . Alloying elements are either pure forms of an alloying element, like electrolytic nickel , or alloys of limited composition, such as ferroalloys or master alloys. External scrap

2340-444: Is selected to develop the color and reflectance of the cast surface. Terms used to describe this process include cleaning, bead blasting, and sand blasting . Shot peening may be used to further work-harden and finish the surface. The final step in the process of casting usually involves grinding, sanding, or machining the component in order to achieve the desired dimensional accuracies, physical shape, and surface finish. Removing

2430-503: Is that these processes have better dimensional capability and repeatability than many casting processes. However, it is not uncommon today for castings to be used without machining. A few foundries provide other services before shipping cast products to their customers. It is common to paint castings to prevent corrosion and improve visual appeal. Some foundries assemble castings into complete machines or sub-assemblies. Other foundries weld multiple castings or wrought metals together to form

2520-425: Is the custom of this manor for the tennants to grind at the said mill". The Duke of Somerset died in 1750, followed two years later by his son, the 7th Duke . On the death of the 7th Duke, his nephew, Charles Wyndham , inherited Petworth and the title Earl of Egremont . There were two corn mills and a malt mill recorded on the site in 1534. The corn mill was modernised in 1910, with the wheel being replaced by

2610-410: Is typically used for iron and steel. There are various types of equipment that can measure the presence of hydrogen. Alternatively, the presence of hydrogen can be measured by determining the density of a metal sample. In cases where porosity still remains present after the degassing process, porosity sealing can be accomplished through a process called metal impregnating . In the casting process,

2700-464: The Coultershaw Beam Pump . The original Beam Pump was installed in 1872 on the instructions of the 3rd Earl of Egremont to improve the water supply to Petworth House and the town of Petworth . The pump is driven by an 11 ft (3.4 m) diameter breastshot waterwheel, cast at Cocking Foundry in the mid-19th century. There remains very little evidence of the site of the foundry which

2790-449: The south coast mainline . Within a year, the navigation had lost 5,000 tons or 40% of its annual traffic. The extension of the railway to Midhurst in 1866, resulted in further loss of traffic, with the canal traffic being restricted to loads, such as large trees, which were too large for the railway. Commercial traffic continued on the navigation until 1888 although it was only formally abandoned in 1936. The toll house at Coultershaw

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2880-548: The "rumble of machinery and the rush of water". Following the death of John Gwillim in 1972, the mill ceased to operate and the building was demolished the following year, although the beam pump and water wheel were saved for restoration. Before the supply of piped water to the town, the residents of Petworth obtained water from springs to the east of the town, such as the Virgin Mary Spring, from which water can still be drawn. The first piped water supply to Petworth

2970-478: The 1970s, a water mill stood on the river housing a beam engine which was originally installed in 1782 by the 3rd Earl of Egremont to pump water from the river to Petworth and his home at Petworth House . Following the demolition of the mill, the Coultershaw Beam Pump was restored to working order and is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument , which is open to the public on summer weekends. In Saxon times

3060-560: The Percy family. Lady Elizabeth Percy inherited the Petworth properties on the death of her father in 1670. In 1682, she married Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset , and so became Duchess of Somerset, with the Duke thus becoming the owner of the Petworth estate. In 1703 the court roll refers to a "mill called Coutershoal Mill" being kept up "for the conveniency and service of the tennants and that it

3150-401: The beams travel in a substantially straight-line motion; these were fitted with back to back 6 in (150 mm) diameter leather cups and non-return valves made from leather flaps. The pump has three cylinders with a 6.5 in (165 mm) bore and a stroke of 13 in (330 mm). The pump could produce an operating pressure of in excess of 75 psi (520 kPa). The water

3240-509: The brewery, malt house, a windmill and the Swan Inn. In 1874, Dr Charles Kelly reported to Lord Leconfield on the state of the town's water supply and the health of the townspeople. His report showed that the town's sewage was drained onto fields to the south of the town, where it flowed along ditches into the River Rother, about 1 mi (1.6 km) upstream of the pump at Coultershaw; thus

3330-501: The casting with a sledge hammer or specially designed knockout machinery. Risers must usually be removed using a cutting method (see above) but some newer methods of riser removal use knockoff machinery with special designs incorporated into the riser neck geometry that allow the riser to break off at the right place. The gating system required to produce castings in a mold yields leftover metal — including heads, risers, and sprue (sometimes collectively called sprue) — that can exceed 50% of

3420-406: The channels through which the molten metal traveled to reach the component itself. Degating is the removal of the heads, runners, gates, and risers from the casting. Runners, gates, and risers may be removed using cutting torches , bandsaws , or ceramic cutoff blades. For some metal types, and with some gating system designs, the sprue, runners, and gates can be removed by breaking them away from

3510-458: The coppice and pond belonging, in Cocking". The lease permitted the erection of "buildings on the said premises hereby demised for the purposes of his Trade of Millwright" and "one or more water wheels to be driven by the water of the said pond" and the construction of "convenient roads". On the 1840 tithe map of Cocking, a building marked "Mill" is shown at this location, alongside a representation of

3600-534: The designer of the pump at Coultershaw is now unknown but, as it is very similar in design to the pumps installed by George Sorocold under London Bridge in 1705, it is probable that Lord Egremont was aware of these pumps from his visits to London. Similar pumps were installed nearby in West Sussex at about the same time, at Uppark and Bignor Park , and in the 1840s at Woolbeding , although these as well as those at London Bridge have now been destroyed, leaving

3690-541: The desired temperature. For low temperature melting point alloys, such as zinc or tin, melting furnaces may reach around 500 °C (932 °F). Electricity, propane, or natural gas are usually used to achieve these temperatures. For high melting point alloys such as steel or nickel-based alloys, the furnace must be designed for temperatures over 1,600 °C (2,910 °F). The fuel used to reach these high temperatures can be electricity (as employed in electric arc furnaces ) or coke . The majority of foundries specialize in

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3780-487: The entire casting manufacturing route. Casting process simulation was initially developed at universities starting from the early ' 70s , mainly in Europe and in the U.S. , and is regarded as the most important innovation in casting technology over the last 50 years. Since the late ' 80s , commercial programs (such as PoligonSoft, AutoCAST and Magma) are available which make it possible for foundries to gain new insight into what

3870-409: The first public Open Day was held. The pump now supplies a fountain outside the visitor centre and can still deliver a "hogshead a minute". The museum is open to the public on the first and third Sundays and all bank holiday Mondays from April to September. As well as the pump, other exhibits include an hydraulic ram pump, hand pumps and an electrically driven borehole pump. Visitors can also see

3960-463: The foundry remain in use in local museums. The waterwheel on the mill at the Weald and Downland Open Air Museum at Singleton was made at the Cocking foundry for Costers Mill at West Lavington . After Costers Mill was closed, the wheel was moved to Lurgashall and installed by millwright James Lee, of Midhurst, to replace the original wooden wheel. The wheel is 12 ft (3.7 m) in diameter and when

4050-477: The heavy traffic of the A285; the bridge over the former navigation was originally a steep hump back type, but the road bed has since been flattened out. The beam pump was installed in the mill in 1782 by the 3rd Earl of Egremont to pump water from the river to Petworth and his home at Petworth House , which was 1.5 mi (2.4 km) north of the mill and more than 150 ft (46 m) higher. The identity of

4140-511: The initial phase of the restoration project was completed. On 16 March, the mill wheel was running again for the first time after restoration. Two months later, the wheel, pump and fountain were working together for the first time. On 4 July 1980, the Beam Pump was ceremoniously started by Lord Egremont, in the presence of invited guests including Philip Green, Chairman of West Sussex County Council's Coast and Countryside Committee, and two days later,

4230-445: The locality was known as "Cuóheres Hóh", meaning "Couhere's spur of land". By 1240, the name was given as "Cuteresho". Since then, the name has been spelt in many different ways, including "Cowtershall" (1535), "Cowtershawe" (1564), "Coultersole" (1716), "Cowdersole" (1779), "Cowters Hall" (1795) and, finally by its present name in 1800. The Domesday Book , compiled in 1086 records a mill at Petworth, which almost certainly referred to

4320-491: The long walk to and from the conduits. Dr Kelly recommended that a new system should be installed to obtain fresh water from three springs in the neighbourhood and that sewage should be prevented from entering the river to avoid the risk of cholera or typhoid . Although Dr Kelly's proposals were not immediately acted upon, in 1882 agreement was reached between Lord Leconfield and the Rural Sanitary Authority that

4410-516: The main stream of the river running in a large meander to the west with a weir at its head. At the mill itself, the fourth lock was constructed a few yards to the west of the mill. By June 1793, commercial traffic had started to use the canal with timber being carried from Coultershaw to the Arun in August 1793. In November 1794, the first barge loads of chalk arrived at the newly built kiln at Coultershaw, which

4500-419: The metal required to pour a full mold. Since this metal must be remelted as salvage, the yield of a particular gating configuration becomes an important economic consideration when designing various gating schemes, to minimize the cost of excess sprue, and thus overall melting costs. Heat treating is a group of industrial and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of

4590-520: The metal. Furnaces are refractory-lined vessels that contain the material to be melted and provide the energy to melt it. Modern furnace types include electric arc furnaces (EAF), induction furnaces , cupolas , reverberatory , and crucible furnaces. Furnace choice is dependent on the alloy system quantities produced. For ferrous materials EAFs, cupolas, and induction furnaces are commonly used. Reverberatory and crucible furnaces are common for producing aluminium, bronze, and brass castings. Furnace design

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4680-510: The mill at Coultershaw. By the mid-13th century, the mill was owned by the Percy family , and in July 1240, William de Percy endowed the priory at Shulbrede near Linchmere with the mill at "Cutersho" while retaining the right to "the free grinding of all kinds of corn which shall be used in his house at Pettewurth". He also granted the priory the right to take earth from his land near the mill to repair

4770-434: The mill had ceased commercial milling in 1918.) In the churchyard at Cocking there are several iron crosses which are also believed to have been manufactured at Cocking Foundry. The waterwheel at Bex Mill, just downstream from the foundry, is engraved to show that it was cast by "Moaze, Engineer & Millwright, of Midhurst, at Cocking Foundry"; no other references to Moaze have been found. Two waterwheels manufactured at

4860-486: The mill is grinding it rotates at about 6 r.p.m., with each turn needing about 320 imp gal (1,450 L; 380 US gal) of water; it is an overshot wheel consisting of 40 buckets. The mill was presented to the museum by the Leconfield Estate in 1973 and re-erected on its present site in 1977. At Coultershaw , where the River Rother is crossed by the A285, are situated the former Coultershaw Mill and

4950-482: The mill pond below the sluices, the navigation pool and the former stables for the canal horses. The River Rother at Coultershaw is popular with anglers and contains large quantities of chub and barbel . In July 2012, Lord Egremont officially "switched on" the Archimedes' screw water turbine which had been installed into the wheel pit of the former corn mill. The water turbine, which generates "green" electricity,

5040-554: The mill-pool when necessary, and granted that the " villeins " at Tillington and Petworth should give the prior up to three days' aid each year to repair the mill-pool. In consideration for the transfer, the prior was to pay Percy or his heirs two marks of silver each year until such time as Percy gave "ten librates of land in a suitable place in Sussex or Yorkshire" to the prior, after which the mill would revert to Percy. The Percy family failed to exercise their right to reclaim ownership of

5130-535: The mill; in the Sussex Hundred Rolls of 1275, the mill was shown as belonging to the priory, with an annual value of £10. In 1291, in Taxatio Ecclesiastica (a survey of temporal property held by religious bodies granted to King Edward I by Pope Nicholas IV ), the mill (now valued at £2 per annum) was recorded as at "Catesstowe" or "Cotestoke" while in 1380 it was recorded as at "Codestowe". When

5220-416: The mold that would otherwise be impossible to achieve. Where the cope and drag separates is called the parting line . When making a pattern it is best to taper the edges so that the pattern can be removed without breaking the mold. This is called draft . The opposite of draft is an undercut where there is part of the pattern under the mold material, making it impossible to remove the pattern without damaging

5310-415: The mold. The pattern is made of wax, wood, plastic, or metal. The molds are constructed by several different processes dependent upon the type of foundry, metal to be poured, quantity of parts to be produced, size of the casting, and complexity of the casting. These mold processes include: In a foundry, molten metal is poured into molds . Pouring can be accomplished with gravity, or it may be assisted with

5400-458: The molten metal to avoid casting defects. Material is added during the melting process to bring the final chemistry within a specific range specified by industry and/or internal standards. Certain fluxes may be used to separate the metal from slag and/or dross and degassers are used to remove dissolved gas from metals that readily dissolve in gasses. During the tap, final chemistry adjustments are made. Several specialised furnaces are used to heat

5490-490: The molten solution, leaving minuscule air pockets, as the metal cools and solidifies. Porosity often seriously deteriorates the mechanical properties of the metal. An efficient way of removing hydrogen from the melt is to bubble a dry, insoluble gas through the melt by purging or agitation. When the bubbles go up in the melt, they catch the dissolved hydrogen and bring it to the surface. Chlorine, nitrogen, helium and argon are often used to degas non-ferrous metals. Carbon monoxide

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5580-419: The navigation's traffic. In 1820, 1,683 tons of coal were carried to Coultershaw. By 1808, the wharf stretched over both sides of the river. "Big Wharf" on the north (east) bank, contained a small warehouse (leased to William Upton, a Petworth merchant, until 1840), a blacksmith's shop and shoeing shed (leased to Michael Ford), and six coal pens. A variety of huts and storehouses also stood on "Little Wharf" on

5670-483: The north side of the churchyard with branches to points in the lower levels of the town. By 1575, the pipes were severely decayed and to help pay for their maintenance, Henry, 8th Earl of Northumberland endowed the town with the 7 acres (2.8 ha) Conduit Field, east of Hungers Lane on the south side of the road to Midhurst . In 1625, there were fountains outside the church and in the Market Square and conduits in

5760-448: The ongoing upkeep of the pipes with two wardens being chosen, one by the Earl and one by the town, who would supervise the maintenance of the supply. By the late 18th century, the conduit system was inadequate to meet the needs of the town and in 1782, George, 3rd Earl of Egremont installed a pump at Coultershaw Mill on the River Rother 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south of the town. The pump

5850-581: The priory was surveyed for Valor Ecclesiasticus (a survey of the finances of the church made in 1535 on the orders of King Henry VIII ), the mill (now at "Cowtershall") was still recorded among the priory's assets, with an annual value of 53s 4d. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, the priory and its possessions were granted by charter by King Heny VIII to Sir William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton . The mill subsequently reverted to

5940-421: The pump at Coultershaw as the only surviving example, although a project to restore the pump at Woolbeding commenced in 2014. The pump was operated by a breastshot water wheel which was direct coupled to a three-throw crankshaft (cast in 1912) which swung three 12 ft 6 in (3.8 m) long beams pivoted at one end through connecting rods . The pump plunger rods connected to the outer free ends of

6030-424: The pump was very noisy and the clatter could be heard throughout the mill building. Since it has been restored, a flexible coupling has been inserted between the two shafts, thus reducing the amount of clatter. The pump survived the fire which destroyed the original mill in 1923 and continued to operate in the replacement building until about 1960. Because no other beam pump of similar size and age in working order

6120-429: The quality of grinding. Casting processes simulation uses numerical methods to calculate cast component quality considering mold filling, solidification and cooling, and provides a quantitative prediction of casting mechanical properties, thermal stresses and distortion. Simulation accurately describes a cast component's quality up-front before production starts. The casting rigging can be designed with respect to

6210-477: The remaining gate material, called a gate stub, is usually done using a grinder or sander . These processes are used because their material removal rates are slow enough to control the amount of material being removed. These steps are done prior to any final machining. After grinding, any surfaces that require tight dimensional control are machined. Many castings are machined in CNC milling centers. The reason for this

6300-413: The required component properties. This has benefits beyond a reduction in pre-production sampling, as the precise layout of the complete casting system also leads to energy , material, and tooling savings. The software supports the user in component design, the determination of melting practice and casting methoding through to pattern and mold making, heat treatment , and finishing. This saves costs along

6390-408: The river by using the mill bridge, thus avoiding the toll for use of the turnpike. By Act of Parliament in 1800, Lord Egremont paid for the construction of a new bridge at Coultershaw and the re-routing of the turnpike direct from there to Petworth. As a result, the former twin-arched bridge at Rotherbridge was pulled down and the stone was used to build the new bridge at Coultershaw with a toll-house on

6480-600: The river navigable for commercial traffic between the River Arun at Pulborough and Midhurst . Digging the route for the new Rother Navigation began in August 1791 at Stopham , where, by use of the River Arun, it connected with the Wey and Arun Canal and thus to London. By the end of July 1792, the excavations had been completed to Coultershaw Wharf, where the canal made use of the millstream, which here ran nearly due south, with

6570-426: The south (west) bank. Adjacent to the wharf stood the flour mill (now leased to William Dale), with Lord Egremont's limekilns nearby. The navigation was at its busiest from 1823 to 1863, with the annual tonnage never falling below 10,000. In 1843, the quantity of coal carried to Coultershaw had risen to 2,000 tons with a total of 7,000 tons of merchandise passing through Coultershaw that year, which represented 55% of

6660-407: The term "heat treatment" applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes such as hot forming or welding. After degating and heat treating, sand or other molding media may remain adhered to the casting. To remove any mold remnants, the surface

6750-587: The total traffic on the navigation. In October 1859, the London Brighton and South Coast Railway opened the railway line from Pulborough to Petworth with the new Petworth station being sited half a mile south from Coultershaw, 2 mi (3.2 km) in all from the town centre. At first, the railway had little effect on the navigation until, in 1863, the Arun Valley Line was extended south from Pulborough to Arundel and Ford where it connected to

6840-455: The town, including outside "The George" inn at the north end of South Street (now Pound Street). By this time, the revenue from the lands at the Conduit Field were insufficient to finance the maintenance of the pipes and agreement was reached between the townspeople and the earl that, in return for receiving back the Conduit Field, he would carry out the necessary repairs and be responsible for

6930-516: The town. The supply to the town from the new reservoir was connected to the existing river mains which were plugged so that only spring water could circulate through the town, while the water from the river continued to supply the reservoir in Petworth Park. Between 1791 and 1794, the Third Earl of Egremont financed the upgrading of the River Rother and the construction of a series of locks, to make

7020-475: The water supply. Chorley subsequently installed a new pump which was gear driven from an overshot metal wheel. There are some remains of the wheel and Chorley's name is cast in the nearby sluice gate. In December 1838, a lease was drawn up between the Cowdray Estate and "Robert Chorley of Midhurst, millwright" in respect of "two pieces of meadow or pasture land called Upper and Lower Twenty Acres, together with

7110-400: The water that was extracted from the river and pumped to the town was polluted by human waste. Although there was still a plentiful supply of clean drinking water from the 17th century system, its distribution around the town was inadequate with only a small number of cisterns. As a result, the inhabitants of the town found it more convenient to obtain water from the river system rather than make

7200-421: The west bank of the river. Although Coultershaw was about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south of Petworth, it was the nearest wharf on the navigation and quickly eased the transport of fertiliser, coal and building materials to the town and surrounding areas and improved access to wider markets for agricultural, timber and other products. The wharf at Coultershaw was the busiest on the navigation, handling over half

7290-406: Was completed on a new boardwalk and footbridge spanning the river and former navigation, thus extending the site area accessible to visitors. The disused lock has now been dammed off and a footpath has been laid within the lock chamber, to enable visitors to walk through and inspect the walls and remaining gate fittings. In December 2013, the boardwalk was seriously damaged by exceptional flooding on

7380-402: Was demolished in the late 1870s, although its foundations were still visible on the west side of the canal bridge in the 1950s. The lock and bridge have survived despite being threatened with destruction by the need to widen the narrow bridge carrying the A285 road from Petworth to Chichester. There are two bridges at Coultershaw wharf: that over the River Rother, built in 1803, still carries

7470-406: Was drawn from the main culvert feeding the wheel by means of a vertical oak penstock , through a 4 in (100 mm) diameter cast iron pipe , and delivered through a 3 in (80 mm) diameter cast iron pipe to the reservoirs at Petworth. At a later date, a compressed air vessel was installed in the delivery line to reduce pressure fluctuations. Between the pump and Petworth, there were

7560-432: Was driven by an undershot wooden wheel and forced the water along a main pipe of 3 in (76 mm) inside bore to feed two reservoirs, one in Petworth Park, on Lawn Hill and the other in the south-east corner of the town to the west of Percy Row near the old gaol. The supply was kept separate from the supply from the conduit system, as the river water contained suspended fine sediment of greensand and other pollutants and

7650-519: Was established in the early 16th century by Rev. John Edmunds, the local Rector, who installed a 3 in (76 mm) diameter lead pipe from springs, at the junction of the lower greensand and Atherfield clay , in Boxgrove Paddock, about 1 mi (1.6 km) west of the town, to supply the Manor House (now Petworth House ) and conduits in the town. The main pipe led to a stone reservoir on

7740-459: Was later to become a senior politician in New Zealand. The Iron Works stopped working in 1884 when Chorley's business ended in Midhurst. The majority of the foundry's output would have been the manufacture of agricultural implements etc. but the foundry also produced wheels for watermills in the vicinity, including the mill at Cocking village. (This was removed for scrap during World War II as

7830-407: Was not considered fit for human consumption. Connection to the new supply required approval from the Earl of Egremont; despite this, there were a large number of unauthorised connections although the system was not intended to be used for drinking, being untreated river water. In 1839, it was recorded that the pipes from Coultershaw supplied 7 public and 146 private stopcocks in Petworth, including

7920-635: Was operated by the Gwillim family, who also operated North Mill in Midhurst. Correspondence relating to the tenancy of Coultershaw Mill by the Gwillim family from 1905 to 1930 is held in the West Sussex Record Office, as is a copy of the final lease drawn up in August 1968 between " John Edward Reginald, Baron Egremont , of Petworth House" and "J. Gwillim Limited, Coultershaw"; this was for a period of twenty years at an initial rent of £1,250 per annum. In 1930, John Gwillim and Novadel Limited registered

8010-473: Was situated to the east of the road about a hundred yards north of the mill. Until 1800, the turnpike from Chichester to Petworth descended Duncton Hill before crossing the River Rother at Rotherbridge , half a mile north-west of Coultershaw. The Petworth Turnpike Trustees, including the Third Earl of Egremont , suspected that William Warren, the miller at Coultershaw, was allowing his "friends" to cross

8100-645: Was undertaken voluntarily by the society members in order to eventually open the site to the public and was financed by grants from the Historic Buildings Section of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, West Sussex County Council and the Department of the Environment as well as assistance from Lord Egremont, the owner of the land surrounding the installation. Work commenced immediately, and by October

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