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66-542: According to FAO , the Choluteca River is 349 kilometres (217 mi) long from source to mouth. Its hydrographic basin has an area of 7,681 square kilometres (2,966 sq mi). It increases its volume between May and October, together with the rainy season. Its basin is affected by severe drought together with the El Niño phenomenon, and this is usually associated with severe bush fires. There are no dams built along

132-611: A fruit block . He was able to buy 40 acres (16 ha). He spoke in later life of having started "with an axe, a mattock, and an occasional charge of dynamite, to clear the bush". In 1915 he volunteered for the Australian Imperial Force , serving in the 27th Battalion as a second lieutenant and the I ANZAC Cyclist Battalion . After the war, McDougall became heavily involved in the Australian Dried Fruit Association (ADFA), rising to be chairman of

198-448: A global commitment to eradicate these issues within a decade. A subsequent summit in 1996 addressed the shortcomings in achieving this goal while establishing a strategic plan for eliminating hunger and malnutrition into the 21st century. Every year, FAO publishes a number of major 'State of the World' reports related to food, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural resources. In 1951,

264-642: A global partnership for development. The Alliance was founded by the Rome-based food agencies – the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN World Food Programme (WFP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), – and Bioversity International . AAHM connects top-down and bottom-up anti-hunger development initiatives, linking governments, UN organizations, and NGOs together in order to increase effectiveness through unity. During

330-399: A global partnership, AAHM creates global connections between local, regional, national and international institutions that share the goals of fighting hunger and malnutrition. The organization works to address food security by enhancing resources and knowledge sharing and strengthening hunger activities within countries and across state lines at the regional and international levels. Following

396-665: A global scale. It worked primarily to collect, compile, and publish data on agriculture, ranging from output statistics to a catalog of crop diseases. Among its achievements was the publication of the first agricultural census in 1930. World War II effectively ended the IIA. During the war, in 1943, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt called a League of Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, which brought representatives from forty-four governments to The Omni Homestead Resort in Hot Springs , Virginia, from 18 May to 3 June to attend

462-606: A leper community in India. The FAO Goodwill Ambassadors Programme was initiated in 1999. It was created to increase public awareness and disseminate information about issues related to food security and hunger in the world. In 2004 the Right to Food Guidelines were adopted which offer guidance to states on how to implement their obligations on the right to food . In December 2007, FAO launched its Initiative on soaring food prices to help small producers raise their output and earn more. Under

528-576: A result, savings of about US$ 50 million, €43 million a year were realized. The FAO's Regular Programme budget is funded by its members, through contributions set at the FAO Conference. This budget covers core technical work, cooperation and partnerships including the Technical Cooperation Programme, knowledge exchange, policy and advocacy, direction and administration, governance and security. The total FAO Budget planned for 2018–2019

594-492: A social movement to push for the end of hunger. Moreover, the EndingHunger project is a viral communication campaign, renewing and expanding its efforts to build the movement through Facebook, Twitter and other social networks. Those who sign the petition can spread the link of the EndingHunger website to their friends, via social media or mail, in order to gain awareness and signatures for the petition. The next interim objective

660-640: A younger brother George Lidgett (1831–1907). McDougall's mother Ellen was the daughter of George Lidgett, meaning that he had relations in South Africa : Sidney Bunting and his uncle Jack Lidgett. Sidney and Jack planned to farm wattle at Lidgetton in Natal, on a family property, a scheme put on foot in 1906–7. After leaving university, McDougall spent two years there on the farm. McDougall moved in 1909 to Renmark, South Australia where there were his half-brothers, and his sisters Margery and Catherine, and farmed

726-486: Is FAO's flagship initiative for reaching the goal of halving the number of hungry in the world by 2015 (currently estimated at close to 1 billion people) as part of its commitment to the Millennium Development Goals . Through projects in over 100 countries worldwide, the programme promotes effective, tangible solutions to eliminating hunger, undernourishment, and poverty. Currently, 102 countries are engaged in

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792-545: Is US$ 1,005.6 million. The voluntary contributions provided by members and other partners support mechanical and emergency (including rehabilitation) assistance to governments for clearly defined purposes linked to the results framework, as well as direct support to FAO's core work. The voluntary contributions are expected to reach approximately US$ 1.6 billion in 2016–2017. This overall budget covers core technical work, cooperation and partnerships, leading to Food and Agriculture Outcomes at 71 percent; Core Functions at 11 percent;

858-526: Is a global partnership dedicated to increasing plant breeding capacity building. The mission of GIPB is to enhance the capacity of developing countries to improve crops for food security and sustainable development through better plant breeding and delivery systems. The ultimate goal is to ensure that a critical mass of plant breeders, leaders, managers and technicians, donors and partners are linked together through an effective global network. Increasing capacity building for plant breeding in developing countries

924-440: Is critical for the achievement of meaningful results in poverty and hunger reduction and to reverse the current worrisome trends. Plant breeding is a well recognized science capable of widening the genetic and adaptability base of cropping systems, by combining conventional selection techniques and modern technologies. It is essential to face and prevent the recurrence of crises such as that of the soaring food prices and to respond to

990-470: Is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union , which elects a 49-member executive council. The director-general, as of 2019 Qu Dongyu of China, serves as the chief administrative officer. Various committees govern matters such as finance, programs, agriculture, and fisheries. The idea of an international organization for food and agriculture emerged in

1056-606: Is the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme , which has advanced to a stage where large tracts of Asia and Africa have now been free of the cattle disease rinderpest for an extended period of time. Meanwhile, the Desert Locust Information Service monitors the worldwide locust situation and keeps affected countries and donors informed of expected developments. The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building (GIPB)

1122-720: Is to ensure the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from its use, for present and future generations. FAO has a unit focused on Animal Genetic Resources , which are defined as "those animal species that are used, or may be used, for the production of food and agriculture, and the populations within each of them. These populations within each species can be classified as wild and feral populations, land-races and primary populations, standardized breeds, selected lines, varieties, strains and any conserved genetic material; all of which are currently categorized as Breeds." FAO assists countries in implementation of

1188-509: Is to grow the EndingHunger movement's Facebook community to 1 million members. As with the petition, the more people who get involved, the more powerful the message to governments: "We are no longer willing to accept the fact that hundreds of millions live in chronic hunger." Groups and individuals can also decide on their own to organize an event about the project, simply by gathering friends, whistles, T-shirts and banners (whistles and T-shirts can be ordered, and petition sign sheets downloaded, on

1254-662: The 1930 Imperial Conference , and weathered a salary cut by writing, in particular for Lord Beaverbrook . From 1928, McDougall had worked with Australian delegations headed for the League of Nations in Geneva . The watershed in McDougall's thinking on trade came as he prepared for the London Economic Conference of 1933, and reassessed "restriction policies to control plenty in a poverty stricken world". From this period he took on

1320-521: The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources . FAO supports a variety of ex situ and in situ conservation strategies including cryoconservation of animal genetic resources . Frank Lidgett McDougall Frank Lidgett McDougall (1884–1958) was a British-born Australian farmer and economic adviser, now best known for his part in the foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organization . He

1386-586: The Hot Springs Conference . The main impetus for the conference was the British-born Australian economist Frank L. McDougall , who since 1935 had advocated for an international forum to address hunger and malnutrition . The Conference ended with a commitment to establish a permanent organization for food and agriculture, which was achieved on 16 October 1945 in Quebec City , Canada, following

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1452-505: The International Plant Protection Convention or IPPC in 1952. This international treaty organization works to prevent the international spread of pests and plant diseases in both cultivated and wild plants. Among its functions are the maintenance of lists of plant pests, tracking of pest outbreaks, and coordination of technical assistance between member nations. As of July 2018, 183 contracting parties have ratified

1518-404: The League of Nations Assembly , calling for the lowering of tariff barriers. The speech also nodded to contemporary nutritional thinking by stating "calories are not enough". Bruce and McDougall then promoted the slogan "marry health and agriculture"; the implication that agricultural policy might have global impact on public health issues was innovative, and has been called "a major landmark in

1584-616: The Rowett Institute to Australia, to advise on animal nutrition . Boyd Orr and David Rivett were important contacts, connected with another aspect of his London work, liaison with CSIR . In 1929, Stanley Bruce was replaced as Australia's Prime Minister by James Scullin , and McDougall felt his position in London was insecure under the Labor Party administration. In fact he remained at Australia House until 1946. He supported Scullin for

1650-637: The United Nations grew out of the 1943 Hot Springs Conference on agriculture at Hot Springs, Virginia , called by Franklin Delano Roosevelt as a "World Food Conference". The idea has been attributed to John Gilbert Winant ; also, on the account given by Gove Hambidge , to the intervention of the First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt . Paul H. Appleby may have been involved. On the agenda of the US and United Kingdom

1716-601: The World Food Summit , attended by 112 Heads or Deputy Heads of State and Government. The Summit concluded with the signing of the Rome Declaration , which established the goal of halving the number of people who suffer from hunger by 2015. At the same time, 1,200 civil society organizations (CSOs) from 80 countries participated in an NGO forum. The forum was critical of the growing industrialization of agriculture and called upon governments – and FAO – to do more to protect

1782-494: The World Food Summit , the Alliance was initially created in 2002 as the 'International Alliance Against Hunger (IAAH)' to strengthen and coordinate national efforts in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. The mission of the Alliance originates from the first and eighth UN Millennium Development Goals ; reducing the number of people that suffer from hunger in half by 2015 (preceded by the "Rome Declaration" in 1996) and developing

1848-946: The 'Right to Food' for the poor. In 1997, FAO launched TeleFood, a campaign of concerts, sporting events, and other activities to harness the power of media, celebrities, and concerned citizens to help fight hunger. Since its start, the campaign has generated close to US$ 28 million, €15 million in donations. Money raised through TeleFood pays for small, sustainable projects that help small-scale farmers produce more food for their families and communities. The projects provide tangible resources, such as fishing equipment, seeds, and agricultural implements. They vary enormously, from helping families raise pigs in Venezuela through creating school gardens in Cape Verde and Mauritania or providing school lunches in Uganda and teaching children to grow food to raising fish in

1914-507: The 1990s, FAO took a leading role in the promotion of integrated pest management for rice production in Asia. Hundreds of thousands of farmers were trained using an approach known as the Farmer Field School (FFS). Like many of the programmes managed by FAO, the funds for Farmer Field Schools came from bilateral Trust Funds, with Australia, Netherlands , Norway and Switzerland acting as

1980-564: The ADFA's point of view, world prices were dropping, in the early 1920s, just when the production acreage was increasing strongly. Its price-fixing function at home was removed in 1926, for a decade. Stanley Bruce became Australia's Prime Minister in 1923, and recruited McDougall for a role at Australia House in London. After a period in the Prime Minister's Department in 1924, McDougall returned to London in 1925, with part of his time devoted to

2046-578: The Australian Dried Fruit Board in the 1930s. The ADFA had been created from local groups in 1907 by W. B. Chaffey . In 1922 Chaffey, McDougall and Charles Edward Devenish Meares travelled to London, to promote Australian dried fruit in the British market. At this point, McDougall was engaged in the workings of Imperial Preference . Later, he considered that trade barriers and overproduction were implicated in "poor global nutrition". From

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2112-691: The Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization. The first session of the FAO Conference began the same day in the Château Frontenac in Quebec City and ended on 1 November 1945. This was led by Sir John Boyd Orr where his work on ending world hunger and creation of FAO resulted in him winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1949. After the war, the IIA was officially dissolved by resolution of its Permanent Committee on 27 February 1948. Its functions, facilities, and mandate were then transferred to

2178-629: The Country Office Network – 5 percent; Capital and Security Expenditure – 2 percent; Administration – 6 percent; and Technical and Cooperation Program – 5 percent. The world headquarters is located in Rome , in the former seat of the Department of Italian East Africa . One of the most notable features of the building was the Axum Obelisk which stood in front of the agency seat, although just outside

2244-648: The Dried Fruits Control Board. McDougall was there to gather information for Bruce, as a publicist, and also for purposes of networking. He was appointed to the Empire Marketing Board in 1926, holding the position to 1932. On the Board's publicity committee, he worked with William Smith Crawford , Frank Pick , Harry Levy-Lawson, 1st Viscount Burnham and Woodman Burbidge of Harrods . In 1927 McDougall suggested that Bruce invite John Boyd Orr of

2310-575: The EndingHunger movement pushes the boundaries of conventional public advocacy. It builds on the success in 2010 of The 1billonhungry project and the subsequent chain of public events that led to the collection of over three million signatures on a global petition to end hunger (www.EndingHunger.org). The petition was originally presented to representatives of world governments at a ceremony in Rome on 30 November 2010. The web and partnerships are two pivotal and dynamic aspects of EndingHunger. The campaign relies on

2376-753: The European Union signed an initial aid package worth €125 million to support small farmers in countries hit hard by rising food prices. The aid package falls under the EU's €1 billion Food Facility, set up with the UN Secretary-General 's High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis and FAO to focus on programmes that will have a quick but lasting impact on food security. FAO is receiving around €200 million for work in 25 countries, of which €15.4 million goes to Zimbabwe. The Special Programme for Food Security

2442-510: The FAO's headquarters were moved from Washington, D.C., United States, to Rome , Italy. The agency is directed by the Conference of Member Nations, which meets every two years to review the work carried out by the organization and to Work and Budget for the next two-year period. The conference elects a council of 49 member states (serve three-year rotating terms) that acts as an interim governing body, and

2508-563: The League of Nations was then asked in 1936 to set up a nutrition section. McDougall worked with others on the Nutrition – Final Report of the Mixed Committee of 1937 that resulted. Continuing in the same direction, McDougall in 1938 chaired a subcommittee of the League's Economic and Financial Organization , on standard of living (which the League characterised as "human well-being "). It

2574-851: The United Nations ( FAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security . Its Latin motto, fiat panis , translates to "let there be bread". It was founded on 16 October 1945. The FAO comprises 195 members, including 194 countries and the European Union . Its headquarters is in Rome , Italy, and it maintains regional and field offices worldwide, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry , fisheries , and land and water resources . It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects agricultural output, production, and development data. The FAO

2640-430: The assistance of organizations and institutions that can facilitate the project's diffusion, by placing banners on their own websites or organizing events aimed to raise awareness of the project. In its 2011 season, the campaign expanded its multimedia content, pursued mutual visibility arrangements with partner organizations, and sharpened its focus on 14- to 25-year-olds, who were encouraged to understand their potential as

2706-781: The decrease of these resources as an urgent problem in 1961 and created a joint collaboration with the International Biological Program (IBP) in 1967. To that end, it joined the UN General Assembly in creating the UN World Food Programme , the largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. The FAO launched what would become the FAO Money and Medals Programme (MMP) in 1968. FAO issued collector art medals in various series to bring attention to FAO's goals and missions. This program

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2772-491: The director-general, who heads the agency. The FAO is composed of eight departments: Agriculture and Consumer Protection, Climate , Biodiversity , Land and Water Department, Economic and Social Development, Fisheries and Aquaculture , Forestry , Corporate Services and Technical Cooperation and Programme Management. Beginning in 1994, the FAO underwent the most significant restructuring since its founding, to decentralize operations, streamline procedures and reduce costs. As

2838-427: The endinghunger.org website) and thereby alert people about chronic hunger by using the yellow whistle. The original 1billionhungry campaign borrowed as its slogan the line "I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take this anymore!", used by Peter Finch in the 1976 film, Network . Meanwhile, the yellow whistle has been the campaign symbol from the start, from 1billionhungry to Ending Hunger. (The creative concept

2904-566: The entire hamlet, requiring the town to be rebuilt three miles upriver. The hurricane also rerouted the river, which was no longer flowing beneath the New Choluteca Bridge . 13°05′29″N 87°22′24″W  /  13.0914°N 87.3733°W  / 13.0914; -87.3733 This article related to a river in Honduras is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization of

2970-530: The first FAO Director, and Dag Hammarskjöld of the UN. McDougall died on 15 February 1958 in Rome, of peritonitis . In 1915 McDougall married Madeline Joyce Cutlack, sister of Frederic Cutlack . He was survived by a son John and daughter Elisabeth. The McDougall Memorial Lectures were founded in 1958, "to commemorate the late F. L. McDougall who played a leading role in the foundation of FAO and initiation of its activities." They are biennial, and are delivered at

3036-844: The following priorities in its fight against hunger. Two fundamental areas of work – gender and governance – are fully integrated in the above strategic objective action plans. FAO and the World Health Organization created the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 1961 to develop food standards, guidelines, and texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. The programme's main aims are protecting consumer health, ensuring fair trade, and promoting co-ordination of all food standards work undertaken by intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. In 1996, FAO organized

3102-451: The history of nutrition". Boyd Orr, too, had contributed to the formulation. Behind the speech was a notable working paper. While the political authority of the League dropped away in the 1930s, it supported technical research on global problems. The Burnet–Aykroyd report of 1935, authored by Étienne Burnet and Wallace Rundell Aykroyd , moved nutrition as a public policy issue into the domain of public health . The Health Organization of

3168-602: The increasing demands for crop based sources of energy. FAO's technical cooperation department hosts an Investment Centre that promotes greater investment in agriculture and rural development by helping developing countries identify and formulate sustainable agricultural policies, programmes and projects. It mobilizes funding from multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, regional development banks and international funds as well as FAO resources. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Partnership Initiative

3234-928: The initiative, FAO contributed to the work of the UN High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis, which produced the Comprehensive Framework for Action. FAO has carried out projects in over 25 countries and inter-agency missions in nearly 60, scaled up its monitoring through the Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture, provided policy advice to governments while supporting their efforts to increase food production, and advocated for more investment in agriculture as well as provided funding to distribute and multiply quality seeds in Haiti, which has significantly increased food production, thereby providing cheaper food. In May 2009, FAO and

3300-550: The late 19th and early 20th century, advanced primarily by Polish-born American agriculturalist and activist David Lubin . In May–June 1905, an international conference was held in Rome , Italy, which led to the creation of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA) by the King of Italy , Victor Emmanuel III . The IIA was the first intergovernmental organization to deal with the problems and challenges of agriculture on

3366-420: The leading donors. FAO's efforts in this area have drawn praise from NGOs that have otherwise criticized much of the work of the organization. FAO established an Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases in 1994, focusing on the control of diseases like rinderpest , foot-and-mouth disease and avian flu by helping governments coordinate their responses. One key element

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3432-515: The main course of the river to leave it to its natural health. The flooding of this river was a major source of destruction during Hurricane Mitch in 1998. It washed out entire neighborhoods in Tegucigalpa, and eventually swelled to six times its normal size in Choluteca. There it destroyed neighborhoods and part of the commercial center. Further down it also devastated the tiny Morolica, destroying

3498-456: The newly established FAO, which maintained its headquarters in Rome. The FAO's initial functions supported agricultural and nutrition research and provided technical assistance to member countries to boost production in agriculture, fishery, and forestry. Beginning in the 1960s, it focused on efforts to develop high-yield strains of grain, eliminate protein deficiency, promote rural employment, and increase agricultural exports. The FAO recognized

3564-451: The programme, and of these, approximately 30 have begun shifting from pilot to national programmes. To maximize the impact of its work, FAO strongly promotes national ownership and local empowerment in the countries in which it operates. The 1billionhungry project became the EndingHunger campaign in April 2011. Spearheaded by FAO in partnership with other UN agencies and private nonprofit groups,

3630-457: The role of éminence grise , working behind the scenes to effect change. In the field of international nutrition, he did so effectively, beginning with a memorandum of January 1935, "The Agriculture and the Health Problems". With Bruce providing introductions, he met social figures and those in power. With Alexander Loveday , McDougall wrote a significant 1935 speech for Bruce to give to

3696-578: The role of food and agriculture. The First Lady had a copy of "Progress in the War of Ideas", and the President read it in the presence of Henry A. Wallace , vice-president. McDougall attended the Hot Springs Conference, at which the basis of the FAO, set up in 1946, was laid out. He then pursued his agenda largely through the FAO, acting as its liaison with the United Nations. He worked with both Boyd Orr,

3762-523: The territory allocated to the FAO by the Italian Government . It was taken from Ethiopia by Benito Mussolini 's troops in 1937 as war booty and returned on 18 April 2005. Partnership and Liaison Offices provide for stronger country participation in the FAO's work and programmes at national, sub-regional, regional, and inter-regional levels, and enhanced cooperation through unilateral trust fund projects and South–South cooperation . FAO has outlined

3828-471: The treaty. FAO is depositary of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture , also called Plant Treaty , Seed Treaty or ITPGRFA , entered into force on 29 June 2004. The Alliance Against Hunger and Malnutrition (AAHM) aims to address how countries and organizations can be more effective in advocating and carrying out actions to address hunger and malnutrition. As

3894-437: The world. The GIAHS Partnership recognizes the crucial importance of the well-being of family farming communities in an integrated approach while directing activities towards sustainable agriculture and rural development. The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, established in 1983, provides an intergovernmental forum that specifically addresses biological diversity for food and agriculture. Its main objective

3960-508: The worlds of music and cinema, literature, sport, activism and government. Some of the well known individuals who have become involved include former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , former presidents of Chile Ricardo Lagos and Michelle Bachelet , actress Susan Sarandon , actors Jeremy Irons and Raul Bova , singers Céline Dion and Anggun , authors Isabelle Allende and Andrea Camilleri , musician Chucho Valdés and Olympic track-and-field legend Carl Lewis . FAO created

4026-487: Was a further "mixed committee", with ILO representation, on which McDougall had an ally in Noel Hall : the topic was cross-cultural and contentious. McDougall, Neal and Boyd Orr were agreed in an approach to alleviating the economic austerity of the times. Bruce produced the "Bruce Report" on standard of living. The outbreak of World War II made all these efforts moot by 1940. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of

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4092-454: Was an international wheat agreement. In autumn 1942, McDougall had work on the wheat question that took him to Washington DC , sent by Bruce, who in a letter to Stafford Cripps dated 9 September explained that McDougall also bore a paper, "Progress in the War of Ideas". He dined at the White House , meeting the First Lady and Harry Hopkins . They talked about post-war reconstruction, and

4158-590: Was conceptualized and presented by Parviz Koohafkan the Task Manager of Chapter 10 of Agenda 21 in Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, FAO in 2002 during World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg , South Africa. This UN Partnership Initiative aims to identify, support and safeguard Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and their livelihoods, agricultural and associated biodiversity, landscapes, knowledge systems and cultures around

4224-441: Was provided by the McCann Erickson Italy Communication Agency.) It symbolizes the fact that we are "blowing the whistle" on the silent disaster of hunger. It is both a symbol and – at many live events taking place around the world – a physical means of expressing frustration and making some noise about the hunger situation. Both The 1billionhungry and the EndingHunger campaigns have continued to attract UN Goodwill Ambassadors from

4290-488: Was responsible for over a hundred medal designs issued to the collecting public. A thirtieth anniversary medal of the MMP was issued in 1998. In 1974, in response to famine in Africa, the FAO convened the first World Food Summit to address widespread hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. The meeting resulted in a proclamation that "every man, woman, and child has the inalienable right to be free from hunger and malnutrition to develop their physical and mental faculties" and

4356-441: Was the son of John McDougall , a Wesleyan Methodist , and his second wife Ellen Lidgett (1858–1952). She was a first cousin of Methodist leader John Scott Lidgett , and wrote devotional works. He was born in Greenwich , his father's third son, and was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School . He was then a student at Darmstadt University of Technology . John Scott Lidgett's father was John Jacob Lidgett (1828–1869), who had

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