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28-421: Cholla may refer to: Geography [ edit ] Jeolla Province (Chŏlla), a former Korean province North Jeolla Province (North Jeolla), province in the southwest of South Korea South Jeolla Province (South Jeolla), province in the southwest of South Korea Cholla Power Plant , Arizona Animals and plants [ edit ] Cholla (horse) ,

56-821: A Special City . Jeolla Province was bounded on the north by Chungcheong Province, on the east by Gyeongsang Province, on the south by the East China Sea , and on the west by the Yellow Sea . The region is bordered on the east by the Sobaek Mountains and is drained by the Yeongsan , Seomjin and Mangyeong rivers. The largest city in the region is Gwangju. Apart from Jeonju and Naju, other cities of note include Iksan (formerly Iri), Gunsan , Mokpo , Namwon, Suncheon , and Yeosu . Seongjong of Goryeo Seongjong (15 January 961 – 29 November 997), personal name Wang Ch'i ,

84-530: A painting horse born in Nevada Cylindropuntia (cholla cacti), a genus of cylindrical-stemmed cacti Food [ edit ] Cholla or Challah , a type of bread of Jewish origin Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cholla . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

112-529: A remarkable conclusion, minister So obtained Khitan consent to allow the region up to the Yalu River to be incorporated into Goryeo territory. General Xiao and the Khitan army not only returned to Liao without having achieved their goals, but the invasion ended with the Khitan giving up territory along the southern Yalu River to Seongjong. Sŏ Hŭi's brilliant diplomatic maneuver underscored his correct understanding of both

140-467: Is the era of the historic Eight Provinces. Jeollaju-do was variously known as Gwangnam, Jeongwang, and Jeonnam, but the original name persisted, and was eventually shortened to simply Jeolla-do (全羅道). The Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894–1895 began in Jeolla-do, which was a peasant revolt fueled by the fervor of the believed coming of a local messiah and protests over Seoul's high taxes on rice and

168-402: The ju belonging to the former Baekje. The northern territory of former Baekje, Ung ( Ungju ; 熊州), corresponds to modern-day South Chungcheong Province . The middle area consisted of Wansan (完山州) and Namwon , which correspond to modern-day North Jeolla. Wansan was later renamed Jeonju. The southern area consisted of Mujin ( Mujin-ju ), which was renamed Mu (武州) in 757, the 16th year of

196-669: The Eight Provinces system to have its 1000th year anniversary in 2018, as the name 'Jeolla-do' was established in 1018,during Hyeonjong of Goryeo's 9th year in power. The population of Jeolla-do is 4,973,834 as of January 2024. During the Samhan era of Korean history, the area of Jeolla was controlled by the Mahan confederacy and the Tamna kingdom on Jeju. Fifteen of the 45 Korean tribes had their bases in this region. When Baekje overtook Mahan by

224-470: The 5th century, the Three Kingdoms era began and the region became part of southern Baekje. Jungbang was the center of the province during this period. When Silla conquered Baekje with the help of Tang China in 660, it became a territory of Later Silla during the 16th year of the reign of Munmu of Silla . Silla reorganized this territory into nine ju ( 주 ) and five gyeong ( 경 ), three of

252-459: The Confucian Classic of History , which stated that the ideal Emperor should understand the suffering of farmers and directly experience their toil. Seongjong followed this principle and established a policy by which district officials were appointed by the central government, and all privately owned weapons were collected to be recast into agricultural tools. Seongjong set out to establish

280-470: The Goryeo state as a centralized Confucian monarchy. In 983, he established the system of twelve mok, the administrative divisions which prevailed for most of the rest of the Goryeo period, and sent learned men to each of the mok to oversee local education, as a means of integrating the country aristocracy into the new bureaucratic system. Talented sons of the country aristocrats were educated so that they could pass

308-574: The Khitan had no basis for claims to former Balhae territory. Since the Goryeo dynasty was, without question, successor to the former Goguryeo kingdom, that land rightfully belonged under Goryeo's domain. In a cleverly veiled threat, Sŏ Hŭi reminded General Xiao that the Liaodong Peninsula had also once been under the dominion of Goguryeo and that the Manchurian territories, including the Khitan capital at Liaoyang, should properly belong to Goryeo. In

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336-532: The Khitan. Goryeo warriors finally halted Xiao Sunning's army at the Cheongcheon River. In the face of such quick and determined resistance, the Khitan decided that further attempts to conquer the entire peninsula would be far too costly, and sought instead to negotiate a settlement with Goryeo. Without a hint of contrition or humility, the Khitan General Xiao Sunning demanded the surrender of

364-494: The artistocrats from the former state of Silla , Seongjong married a woman of the Silla royal clan. In 982, Seongjong adopted the suggestions in a memorial written by Confucian scholar Ch'oe Sŭng-no and began to create a Confucian-style government. Ch'oe Sung-no suggested that Seongjong would be able to complete the reforms of King Gwangjong , the fourth King of Goryeo, which he had inherited from Taejo of Goryeo. Taejo had emphasized

392-417: The civil service examinations and be appointed to official government posts in the capital. In September, 995 (the 14th year of Seongjong's reign), the nation was divided into ten provinces for the first time, which formed the basis for the modern day Provinces of Korea . In late August 993, Goryeo intelligence sources along the frontier learned of an impending Khitan invasion. Seongjong quickly mobilized

420-650: The command of General Xiao Sunning swarmed out of Liao from the Naewon-song Fortress and surged across the Yalu River into Goryeo. Waves of Khitan warriors swept across the river and fanned out over the countryside. In bloody back-and-forth warfare, the fierce resistance of Goryeo soldiers at first slowed, then considerably hampered the Khitan advance at the city of Pongsan-gun. But Goryeo's army never surrendered. It stood firm against frontal attacks, broke to retreat and lay ambushes, and launched flanking attacks against

448-532: The contemporary international situation and Goryeo's position in the region. The Khitan withdrew and ceded territory to the east of the Yalu River when Goryeo agreed to end its alliance with Song Dynasty. However, Goryeo continued to communicate with Song, having strengthened its position by building fortress in the newly gained northern territories. The Goryeo-Khitan Wars continued with the second and third campaigns until 1018. He died of disease in November 997 and

476-568: The court to appease the Liao emperor. Many of the senior military commanders who had recently faced the Khitan army on the battlefield opposed accepting General Xiao's terms, including Official Sŏ Hŭi , commander of an army group north of Anju. While the bureaucrats argued in Kaesong, General Xiao launched a sudden attack across the Cheongcheon River, directly on the Goryeo army headquarters in Anju. The Khitan assault

504-504: The former territory of Balhae to Emperor Shengzong . He asked that Goryeo sever its relations with Song dynasty and, in the boldest demand of all, that Seongjong accept vassal status under the Liao emperor and pay a set annual tribute to the Liao state. Instead of and rejecting General Xiao's demands outright, the royal court at Kaesong began a heated debate about the Khitan ultimatum. Government officials believed that acceding to General Xiao would prevent further Khitan incursions and urged

532-538: The increasing number of Japanese traders in Joseon. There was anti-Japanese sentiment due to the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) . On May 26, 1895, Gojong of Korea replaced the 8 do system with a 23 [[Provinces of Korea#Districts of Late Joseon| bu ]] district system and Jeolla was replaced by the districts of Jeonju ( Korean :  전주부 ; Hanja :  全州府 ; RR :  Jeonjubu ) in

560-416: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cholla&oldid=860219027 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jeolla Province Jeolla-do , including North and South Jeolla,was the first province/state out of

588-538: The military and divided his forces into three army groups to take up defensive positions in the northwest. Advanced units of the Goryeo army marched northwestward from their headquarters near modern Anju on the south bank of the Cheongcheon River . The seriousness of the situation compelled Seongjong to travel from the capital to Pyongyang to personally direct operations. That October, a massive Khitan army said to number nearly 800,000 men (in fact 60,000 men) under

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616-456: The names of the principal cities of Jeonju (全州) and Naju (羅州). (The difference between na- and -la is due to the ( initial sound rule of modern Korean). This was the first time the area currently known as Jeolla was united under one administrative division, and it would remain this way for nearly eight centuries. In 1413, during 13th year of the reign of Taejong of Joseon , the territories were once again reorganized into 8 do . This

644-528: The northwest, Naju ( 나주부 ; 羅州府 ; Najubu ) in the southwest, Namwon ( 남원부 ; 南原府 ; Namwonbu ) in the east, and Jeju ( 제주부 ; 濟州府 ; Jejubu ) on Jeju-do . On August 4, 1896, Emperor Gojong issued Royal Order 36, repealing the district system and restoring the province system. Jeolla was divided north-south into North Jeolla Province and South Jeolla Province . Also divided were Chungcheong Province , Gyeongsang Province , Hamgyong Province and Pyongan Province , bringing

672-517: The reign of Gyeongdeok of Silla . Mu consisted of one gun and 43 hyeon , and corresponds to modern-day South Jeolla. In 983, during the second year of the reign of Seongjong of Goryeo , the country was reorganized into 12 mok . Jeonju became Jeonju-mok (全州牧), while Muju was split into the two mok of Naju and Seungju. In 995, King Seongjong again reorganized the country, this time into 10 do (Korean:  도 ; Hanja:  道 ; lit.  province). Jeonju-mok

700-457: The total to 13 provinces. North Jeolla Province consisted of the Jeonju and northern Namwon districts, while South Jeolla Province consisted of the southern Namwon districts, Naju district, and Jeju island. Jeonju was retained as the capital of North Jeolla, with Gwangju being made the capital of South Jeolla. The capital of South Jeolla was later moved to Namak in 2005, and Gwangju was designated

728-423: Was quickly repulsed, but it agitated the royal court to a state of near panic. In an effort to calm the court nobility, minister Sŏ Hŭi volunteered to negotiate directly with General Xiao. Both parties knew that a key factor influencing the negotiations was the heavy pressure being exerted on the Liao state by Song dynasty. In face-to-face talks with his Khitan counterpart, minister Seo bluntly told General Xiao that

756-416: Was renamed Gangnam-do ( lit.   ' province south of the river ' ) while Naju and Seungju were reunited and renamed Haeyang-do ( lit.   ' ocean province ' ). In 1018, during the 9th year of the reign of Hyeonjong of Goryeo , the country was again reorganized into 5 do , and the provinces of Gangnam and Haeyang were merged to form the province of Jeollaju (全羅州道). The name derived from

784-511: Was the sixth king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. Seongjong was born on 15 January 961, the second son of Daejong, and a grandson of King Taejo (the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty). He ascended the throne after his cousin and also his brother-in-law King Gyeongjong died in 981. After he ascended the throne, Seongjong was at first content not to interfere with the provincial lords, and to appease

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