Misplaced Pages

#779220

29-458: The major settlement along the river is Salamanca . 31°37′40″S 71°33′30″W  /  31.62778°S 71.55833°W  / -31.62778; -71.55833 This Coquimbo Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Chile is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Salamanca, Chile Salamanca

58-540: A large number of languages for the region. Nevertheless, the Chilean Diaguitas scholar Herman Carvajal Lazo claims that they could very well have spoken different dialects instead, which would have differed among each other mainly regarding their lexicon . Cacán was proposed by Rodolfo Schuller and Ricardo E. Latcham to be the single language of the Diaguitas. This proposal has been questioned by some scholars but

87-455: A pattern of semi-villager or villager settlement. The diaguitas developed a rich pottery finally decorated with geometric motifs, which evolved technically to the arrival of the Incas . Their political organization was characterized as constituted " dual lordships ," i.e., the manors were divided into two installments, each governed by a chief lord . One half corresponded to the coast, the other part to

116-523: Is a Chilean city and commune in Choapa Province , Coquimbo Region . It is located 30 km (19 mi) east of Illapel , the province's administrative center, and 316 km (196 mi) north of Santiago, Chile . It is normally accessed from Los Vilos , which lies next to the Panamerican Highway , and connects the city to the rest of the country. Salamanca sits on the north bank of

145-508: Is accepted by others, like Sergio Villalobos . There is notable scarcity of Diaguita toponymy in Norte Chico, including the area of Elqui Valley where most indigenous toponyms has been attributed to either Quechua or Mapuche . The origin of the Diaguita culture is traced back to an archaeological culture known as El Molle complex which existed from 300 to 700 CE . Later, this culture

174-548: Is credited with the conquest of the south extending their domains Tahuantisuyo in Diaguita territory. The expedition was prepared under the leadership of General Sinchiruca , with over ten thousand soldiers who fought for six years between Copiapo and Aconcagua . Some argue that the Inca domination lasted 50 to 75 years until the arrival of the Spaniards. The Inca invasion left across

203-585: Is described as a small village whose plant comprises 48 blocks divided by straight streets "regular width." Church already had, Telegraph Office and Civil Registration and Municipality seat constituted with jurisdiction over subdivisions in Peralillo Cerro Chico and Salamanca. Of the many farms that were part of the Choapa Making, some were parceled under the Homestead Act of 1928. however, in 1959 when

232-735: The Choapa River and within the Choapa valley. It was officially founded in 1844 by Joaquín de Ceballo , governor of Illapel. It is served by Las Brujas Airport . The city of Salamanca was founded on November 29, 1844, by the Acting Governor of Illapel Joaquin Ceballos , By resolution of the Board of Hospitals Santiago, in the grounds of the Hacienda Choapa, at that time owned by the charity. The estate

261-515: The 1992 and 2002 censuses. As a commune, Salamanca is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council , headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Gerardo Rojas Escudero ( PPD ). The council has the following members: Within the electoral divisions of Chile , Salamanca is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Adriana Muñoz ( PDC ) and Luis Lemus ( Ind. ) as part of

290-451: The 9th electoral district, (together with Combarbalá , Punitaqui , Monte Patria , Illapel , Los Vilos , Canela ). The commune is represented in the Senate by Evelyn Matthei Fornet ( UDI ) and Jorge Pizarro Soto ( PDC ) as part of the 4th senatorial constituency (Coquimbo Region). Diaguitas The Diaguita people are a group of South American indigenous people native to

319-635: The Aconcagua Valley and the Valley of the Mapocho River . Is interesting to note the existence of vestiges of "this Inca road" route built to transport military, trade and communications to maintain Incanato. This road was part of a network of twenty thousand kilometers paths between mountains and valleys. Since much remains are known in the valleys and Alicahue Petorca. In 1984 a section up to Cuncumén and Conchuca

SECTION 10

#1733115684780

348-654: The Agrarian Reform Corporation does not acquire the National Health Service (legal successor of the Public Welfare), the estates that formed the Hacienda Choapa, they still amounted to 253,000 has, Of which. Just over 8,000 acres were irrigated. In the late sixties as a result of the CORA program, a program of concentration of rural population Choapa Valley holds in villages that are located on both banks of

377-600: The Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest . Western or Chilean Diaguitas lived mainly in the Transverse Valleys that incise semi-arid mountains . Eastern or Argentine Diaguitas lived in the provinces of La Rioja and Catamarca and part of the provinces of Salta , San Juan and Tucumán . The term Diaguita was first applied to peoples and archaeological cultures by Ricardo E. Latcham in

406-648: The Chilean Diaguita lands. The Diaguitas took influences from the Incas, adopting pottery designs from Cuzco , and Inca techniques in agriculture and metalworking. The Chilean Diaguitas were conquered by Spaniards coming from Peru. The eastern Diaguitas lands were explored by Spaniards coming from Chile, the Paraná River and Peru. In what came to be called the Calchaquí Wars , the Spanish initially failed to conquer

435-583: The Inca Empire was through warfare that caused a severe depopulation in the Transverse Valleys of Norte Chico. According to scholar Ana María Lorandi the Diaguitas, and specially the Calchaquí Diaguitas , would not have been conquered easily by the Inca Empire. Once conquered, the eastern Diaguitas did not unanimously accept Inca rule. The Incas appointed kurakas and established mitma s in

464-423: The Spanish arrival. Mapuche toponymy is also found throughout the area. Around Elqui Valley almost all indigenous toponymy belongs either to Quechua or Mapuche . There is no Diaguita (Kakan) toponymy known in the valley. While there was an immigration of Mapuches to the southern Diaguita lands in colonial times, Mapuche culture there is judged to be older than this. Indeed, in 1954 Grete Mostny postulated

493-629: The coast in search of food. Gradually accessing these groups will develop an incipient agriculture (especially corn) associated with hunting guanacos. Between 300 BC and 200, burst into the valley agroalfareras populations originating in northwestern Argentina. Precisely these are from the first archaeological evidence of our past, as evidenced by the findings of St. Augustine, Grove, Chillepín, Panguesillo and Salamanca. These people, of uncertain origin, lived in valleys and gorges, relying on agriculture and livestock. They had simple knowledge of gold, silver, and copper metallurgy. They make simple pottery, knew

522-633: The dairy farm (dairy farms were places of rest and replenishment) was discovered. There are precedents for the existence of a coastal Inca Trail (still unknown), it must have passed through La Serena , Illapel and Ligua . According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute , Salamanca spans an area of 3,445.3 km (1,330 sq mi) and has 24,494 inhabitants (13,043 men and 11,451 women). Of these, 12,689 (51.8%) lived in urban areas and 11,805 (48.2%) in rural areas . The population grew by 5.9% (1,368 persons) between

551-547: The early 20th century. Ancient Diaguitas were not a unified people; the language or dialects used by them seems to have varied from valley to valley and they were politically fragmented into several chiefdoms . Coastal and inland Chilean Diaguitas traded, as evidenced by the archaeological findings of mollusc shells in the upper courses of Andean valleys. According to the 2010 census there are 67,410 self-identified Diaguita descendants in Argentina. In Chile, Diaguitas are

580-464: The fertile valleys inhabited by the Eastern Diaguitas, and could only control the eastern valley ends. By founding the cities of Santiago del Estero (1550s), Tucumán (1565), Salta (1582), La Rioja (1591) and Jujuy (1593) the Spanish established an effective fence around the rebellious Eastern Diaguita valleys. To further dominate the Diaguitas, the city of Londres was founded in 1607 in

609-444: The idea of a link between Mapuches and the archaeological culture of El Molle . It has been claimed that the Inca Empire expanded into Diaguita lands because of its mineral wealth. This hypothesis is currently under dispute. Another possibility is that the Incas invaded the relatively well-populated Eastern Diaguita valleys to obtain labor to send to Chilean mining districts. It is generally accepted that Diaguita incorporation into

SECTION 20

#1733115684780

638-648: The middle of the Eastern Diaguita territory. During the government of García Hurtado de Mendoza in Chile (1557–1561) Chilean Diaguitas that had rebelled were decimated by the Spanish. The Calchaquí Diaguitas of the eastern side of the Andes rose against Spanish rule in 1630 and the last rebels fought until 1642–1643. In this rebellion, the Spanish city of La Rioja came close to being destroyed. The Calchaquí Diaguitas only entered Spanish rule after 1665. The Diaguita languages in Chile may have been largely lost during

667-508: The mountains or "top " of the valley where the valley diaguitas Choapa domains were located. Although the authors can not specify, or petroglyphs marked stones of the valley tend to be associated with diaguita . These stones and boulders covered with signs and drawings, are something of a precursor of writing, a way of perpetuating certain facts or data. Characteristics are petroglyphs Panguesillo, Chillepín, Jorquera, Santa Rosa, Cerro Chico and Salamanca. The ruler Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493)

696-590: The region Choapa its civilizing footprint, managing to introduce a more rational exploitation on crops, taught the construction of roads and irrigation canals, as likewise the production of textiles, pottery and various household utensils. After the Inca invasion of Chile, of the Cordilleran area Petorca spent the Inca Trail in central Chile. The same was followed by Diego de Almagro (1536) and Pedro de Valdivia (1540) to enter

725-487: The river of the same name, setting urban areas in 1982. Its area has a long human occupation since the last glaciation . After finally succeeding 10,000 years ago these human groups have come parajes. Also, this town is known to be considered in previous years as a city witch, faithfully represented by autochthonous people like Jose Maria Olguin, of which several stories are told. Between 8000 and 2500 BC, walking these bands of hunter-gatherer land, which are transferred from

754-616: The third-most populous indigenous ethnicity after the Aymara and the Mapuche , numbering 88,474 in 2017. The Diaguitas have been recognised as an indigenous people by the Chilean state since 2006. Early Spanish accounts, including Jerónimo de Vivar 's Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile , claim the Diaguitas inhabiting the different Transverse Valleys spoke different languages. Jesuits active in western Argentina also report

783-463: The use of snuff or the like in the region and introduce a lip ornament made of stone: the tembetá. Limited data on this culture for concluding that development in the area was marginal. Theoretically it is believed that diaguitas came to Chile to the tenth century from Argentine northwest , across the mountains and valleys populating North Chico. The entities diaguitas tribes in the valley preferably devoted to hunting, agriculture and breeding, forming

812-691: Was owned by Matilde Salamanca, whose property by testamentary disposition became initially administered by the Church (1820) and then by decree of the Supreme Director Bernardo O'Higgins , Dated September 1, 1821, delivered to the public welfare. It was located on the north bank of the Choapa river , Next to an ancient Indian seat which formed part of the "Commit Choapa" And stood at the place now known as Chalinga. By 1897 Salamanca already had 2,000 inhabitants, while Chalinga 367 recorded documents that date, which

841-547: Was replaced in Chile by the Las Ánimas complex that developed between 800 and 1000 CE. It is from this last culture that the archaeological Diaguita culture emerged around 1000 CE. The classical Diaguita period was characterized by advanced irrigation systems and by pottery painted in black, white and red. Mapuche communities in the southern Diaguita lands – that is Petorca , La Ligua , Combarbalá and Choapa – may be rooted in pre-Hispanic times at least several centuries before

#779220