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103-589: The Chinese-American Planning Council, Inc., originally the Chinatown Planning Council (CPC), was founded in 1965 as a grassroots community-based organization in response to the tremendous influx of Chinese immigrants after the change in immigration laws and amid the Great Society movement. Initially, CPC volunteers counseled families by referring them to local schools and provided case management services to help immigrants adjust to their new homes. Filling

206-627: A Job Corps and Volunteers in Service to America ; the Food Stamp Act of 1964 provided low-income people assistance in purchasing food; the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 authorized federal expenditure on schools with low-income students; and the Social Security Amendments of 1965 created Medicaid , which funds some medical costs for low-income individuals, and Medicare ,

309-501: A CPC subsidiary, was founded in 1975. By 1983, CPC provided home care services to senior citizens through its Home Attendant Program, which continues to burgeon as the population ages. The need of low English proficient, home-bound seniors for language-appropriate, culturally sensitive care prompted the launch of CPC's Mature Workers program to train home attendants, which also answered the need for middle-aged workers to find low-skill employment that didn't require English fluency. Since

412-726: A National Humanities Foundation." In August 1964, Representative William S. Moorhead of Pennsylvania proposed legislation to implement the commission's recommendations. Support from the White House followed in September, when Johnson lent his endorsement during a speech at Brown University . In March 1965, the White House proposed the establishment of a National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities and requested $ 20 million in start-up funds. The commission's report had generated other proposals, but

515-876: A better community for all, not only in Manhattan but Queens and Brooklyn also through satellite branch offices. The Queens branch of the Chinese-American Planning Council was established in 1979 in response to the rapidly growing Chinese American population in Queens, especially in Community Districts 7, 4, and 3. The branch serves over 500 individuals daily and is Queens's biggest Chinese American social service agency. Services include senior citizen services, youth services, after-school daycare, employment and training, and services to Asian parents of mental retardation and developmental disabilities. In response to

618-521: A biennial Brooklyn Bridge Walk-A-Thon with a Family Day Fair and an annual Chinese New Year Dinner. Many elected officials support the events and CPC, including New York City Comptroller John Liu , New York State Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver , New York State Senator Tom Duane , New York City Council Member Margaret Chin , Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz , and many others. CPC has three main offices located in New York City. The main office

721-629: A bill only if Medicare were included." Medicare finally came about with the Social Security Act of 1965 which authorized Medicare and provided federal funding for many of the medical costs of older Americans. The legislation overcame the bitter resistance, particularly from the American Medical Association , to the idea of publicly funded health care or " socialized medicine " by making its benefits available to everyone over sixty-five, regardless of need, and by linking payments to

824-583: A bipartisan law signed by Dwight Eisenhower , was transformed into the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts , a living memorial to the assassinated president. Fundraising for the original cultural center had been poor prior to legislation creating the Kennedy Center, which passed two months after the president's death and provided $ 23 million for construction. The Kennedy Center opened in 1971. In

927-569: A chapter of his 1969 book The Death of Privacy to the National Data Bank. Historian Alan Brinkley has suggested that the most important domestic achievement of the Great Society may have been its success in translating some of the demands of the civil rights movement into law. Four civil rights acts were passed, including three laws in the first two years of Johnson's presidency. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade job discrimination and

1030-670: A greater emphasis on skills and links to U.S. citizens; and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 , which prohibited housing discrimination. Additional projects included the National Endowment for the Arts ; consumer protection measures; the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 , which expanded the federal housing program; the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965 , which limited motor vehicle emissions; and

1133-534: A health insurance program for people aged 65 and over. Measures designed to end racial injustice included the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , which prohibited racial segregation in schools, public spaces, and workplaces; the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , which ensured that minorities could exercise their right to vote; the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 , which abolished quotas based on national origin and placed

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1236-465: A high concentration of low-income children. During its first year of operation, the Act authorized a $ 1.1 billion program of grants to states, for allocations to school districts with large numbers of children of low-income families, funds to use community facilities for education within the entire community, funds to improve educational research and to strengthen state departments of education, and grants for

1339-546: A national Teacher Corps to provide teachers to poverty-stricken areas of the United States. The Act also began a transition from federally funded institutional assistance to individual student aid. In 1964, basic improvements in the National Defense Education Act were achieved, and total funds available to educational institutions were increased. The yearly limit on loans to graduate and professional students

1442-480: A proactive and culturally sensitive approach through individual, family, and group counseling. They also visit local work sites and street fairs, participate in radio talks and advocate for the needy by seeking access to resources and government entitlement programs. CPC boasts twelve daycare and after-school centers designed for multi-ethnic families, many with non-English-speaking immigrant parents who both work full-time but have no funds for private childcare. Whatever

1545-678: A provision for special payments under the social security program to certain uninsured individuals aged 72 and over. The Social Security Amendments of 1965 included a 7% increase in cash benefits, a liberalization of the definition of disability, a liberalization of the amount a person can earn and still get full benefits (the so-called retirement test), payment of benefits to eligible children aged 18–21 who are attending school, payment of benefits to widows at age 60 on an actuarially reduced basis, coverage of self-employed physicians, coverage of tips as wages, liberalization of insured-status requirements for persons already aged 72 or over, an increase to $ 6,600

1648-583: A reversal of their 2014 race, Liu defeated Avella 53-47%, attributed to backlash against the former members of the Independent Democratic Conference, which had dissolved earlier in 2018. In the November 2018 general election, Liu won a four-way race with 54% of the vote, defeating Republican Vickie Paladino with 24% of the vote, Avella, running on two third-party lines with 21% of the vote, and third-party candidate Simon Minching with 1% of

1751-418: A society in the future with radically different privacy standards. Packard criticized advertisers' unfettered use of private information to create marketing schemes. He compared a recent Great Society initiative by then-president Lyndon B. Johnson , the National Data Bank, to the use of information by advertisers and argued for increased data privacy measures to ensure that information did not find its way into

1854-477: A void in the community as the first social service agency to serve Chinese-Americans in New York , CPC began to expand its services based on the needs expressed by those in the community. In 1966, CPC launched its Head Start Program and youth programs for preschool and school-age children. In 1970 it opened its first child care center; in 1971, it began its seminal youth program, Project Reach; and in 1972, it opened

1957-506: A vow of poverty, and an increase in the contribution and benefit base from $ 6,600 to $ 7,800, beginning in 1968. In addition, the Social Security Amendments of 1967 provided the first major amendments of Medicare. These social security amendments extended the coverage of the program to include certain services previously excluded, simplified reimbursement procedures under both the hospital and medical insurance plans, and facilitated

2060-480: Is accredited by COA (the Council on Accreditation). The curriculum includes multicultural activities that promote appreciation of all cultures. School-age daycare centers provide homework assistance during the school year and recreational and enrichment activities year-round. Children enjoy team sports, music, and dance, have access to museums and libraries, and participate in community events. The Workforce Division of

2163-723: Is developing better preventive mental health services to serve the aging population's changing needs. Seniors also have access to CPC's affiliate, the Home Attendant Program, which provides home care for the home-bound. Brooklyn Manhattan Queens CPC Youth Services provides dynamic educational, vocational, and recreational programs that promote leadership development, identity formation, and social and academic success, help youth expand their choices in community involvement, and overcome cultural barriers in society and school-based settings. Whether they are acquiring job skills through summer employment, touring university campuses across

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2266-865: Is enhancing its focus on healthcare training programs to meet client and market needs in the changing economy and has introduced a new Food Protection program. In January 2005, CPC opened a one-stop multi-social services center to connect clients to services focusing on mental health, while the Brooklyn branch is conducting mental health outreach among community seniors. Over the years, CPC has honored many people of Chinese descent who have become outstanding leaders in their fields, including architect I.M. Pei (1978), musician Yo-Yo Ma (1983), fashion designer Vera Wang (1993) , Major John Fugh (1994), film director Ang Lee (1996), Nobel Prize winner Dr. Daniel C. Tsui (1999), Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author Sheryl WuDunn (2011), and others. CPC holds two major events,

2369-543: Is located in Chinatown in Manhattan, while the other two branches are located in Flushing, Queens and Sunset Park, Brooklyn . Each office provides different services to the community. 150 Elizabeth Street is home to the Chinese-American Planning Council's Administration, Fiscal Office, Human Resources, and Volunteer and Internship Program. Located on the edges of Chinatown, Little Italy, Manhattan and SoHo , CPC strives to build

2472-463: The 16th district in northeast Queens . He previously served as the 43rd New York City Comptroller from 2010 to 2013, and as a member of the New York City Council from 2002 to 2009, representing the 20th district in northeast Queens . He was the first Asian American New York City Council member and Comptroller, and one of the first two Asian American New York State Senators, as well as

2575-590: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting as a private, non-profit corporation. The law initiated federal aid through the CPB for the operation, as opposed to the funding of capital facilities, of public broadcasting. The CPB initially collaborated with the pre-existing National Educational Television system, but in 1969 decided to start the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). A public radio study commissioned by

2678-681: The Eighty-ninth Congress , with a 68–32 margin in the Senate and a 295–140 margin in the House of Representatives . Johnson won a large majority of the Jewish vote, a liberal constituency that gave strong support to the Great Society. The political realignment allowed House leaders to alter rules that had allowed Southern Democrats to kill New Frontier and civil rights legislation in committee, which aided efforts to pass Great Society legislation. In 1965,

2781-569: The Federal Transit Administration ), High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 which resulted in the creation of high-speed rail between New York and Washington , and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 —a bill largely taken credit for by Ralph Nader , whose book Unsafe at Any Speed he claims helped inspire the legislation. In 1964, Johnson named Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson to be

2884-698: The HEW and the FTC to establish and define voluntary standard sizes. The original would have mandated uniform standards of size and weight for comparison shopping, but the final law only outlawed exaggerated size claims. The Child Safety Act of 1966 prohibited any chemical so dangerous that no warning can make it safe. The Flammable Fabrics Act of 1967 set standards for children's sleepwear, but not baby blankets. The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 required inspection of meat which must meet federal standards. The Truth-in-Lending Act of 1968 required lenders and credit providers to disclose

2987-588: The Head Start program, aid to urban mass transit, a demonstration cities program, a housing act that included rental subsidies, and an act for higher education. The Johnson Administration submitted 87 bills to Congress, and Johnson signed 84, or 96%, arguably the most successful legislative agenda in US congressional history. The Naked Society is a 1964 book on privacy by Vance Packard . The book argues that changes in technology are encroaching on privacy and could create

3090-526: The National Trails System Act of 1968 , which created a system of hiking trails. Many of the Great Society projects were opposed by Republicans , who objected to what they considered "government handouts". Johnson's popularity declined as he committed more troops to the Vietnam War , which drew on resources that could have been directed toward the Great Society. Some projects were expanded under

3193-882: The September 11th Fund in the Employment Assistance Program, with the best placement, retention, and wage recovery/wage gain rates of any EAP service provider. Tens of thousands of seniors are members of CPC's three popular seniors centers and the rapidly growing Brooklyn Seniors Services. Regular members enjoy congregate meals, meals-on-wheels (through Open Door Seniors Citizen Center), a wide variety of social and recreational activities, field trips, exercise classes, educational workshops, information & referral, access to healthcare, entitlements/benefits application assistance and advocacy, senior housing services, pre-planning and bereavement services, ESL and citizenship classes, and more. An initiative at Brooklyn Senior Services

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3296-584: The CPB and the Ford Foundation and conducted from 1968 to 1969 led to the establishment of National Public Radio , a public radio system under the terms of the amended Public Broadcasting Act. Two long-planned national cultural and arts facilities received federal funding that would allow for their completion through Great Society legislation. A National Cultural Center, suggested during the Franklin Roosevelt Administration and created by

3399-708: The CPC Brooklyn branch office include Beacon and after-school childcare programs. Programs that operate out of the branch office include senior services, housing services, and other multi-social service programs. CPC provides over 50 programs at their 25+ locations citywide. These programs include community, daycare, workforce, senior citizen, and youth services. CPC provides Multi-Social Services (MSS) in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. CPC's MSS Programs provide comprehensive and accessible benefits for low-income residents and non-English speaking immigrants in predominantly Chinese areas. Bilingual counselors and outreach workers take

3502-482: The CPC was created in 1975 in response to an acute need for skilled workers in New York City. The program's primary mission is to provide advanced services, skill upgrades, and employment-related resources to individuals motivated to advance their careers. CPC's training, placement, and post-placement support service methods are characterized by its highly individualized and goal-oriented approach. This proven formula has brought

3605-628: The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964's Community Action Program, as noted by one study, "hospitals, medical schools, community groups, and health departments received grants to plan and administer neighborhood health centers in low-income areas." One hundred neighborhood health centers had been set up under the Economic Opportunity Act by 1971. A number of changes were made to the Social Security program in terms of both coverage and adequacy of benefits. The Tax Adjustment Act of 1966 included

3708-568: The Great Society in another speech at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan , on May 22, 1964. We are going to assemble the best thought and broadest knowledge from all over the world to find these answers. I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of conferences and meetings—on the cities, on natural beauty, on the quality of education, and on other emerging challenges. From these studies, we will begin to set our course toward

3811-601: The Great Society initiatives were derived from New Frontier proposals which had stalled during the Kennedy administration . Johnson's success depended on his skills of persuasion and the Democratic landslide victory in the 1964 elections , which brought many new liberals into Congress and made the House of Representatives of 1965 the most liberal since 1938. In the 88th Congress , there was an estimated 56 liberals and 44 conservatives in

3914-455: The Great Society was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, designed by Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel . It was signed into law on April 11, 1965, less than three months after it was introduced. It ended a long-standing political taboo by providing significant federal aid to public education, initially allocating more than $ 1 billion to help schools purchase materials and start special education programs to schools with

4017-591: The Great Society's main contribution to the environment was an extension of protections beyond those aimed at the conservation of untouched resources. In a message he transmitted to Congress, President Johnson said: John Liu John Chun Yah Liu (born January 8, 1967) is an American politician in New York City . A member of the Democratic Party , he is a member of the New York State Senate for

4120-482: The Great Society. Almost immediately after the Ann Arbor speech, 14 separate task forces began studying nearly all major aspects of United States society under the guidance of presidential assistants Bill Moyers and Richard N. Goodwin . In his use of task forces to provide expert advice on policy, Johnson was following Kennedy's example, but unlike Kennedy, Johnson directed his task forces to work in secret. His intent

4223-537: The July filing deadline, but he received more than three times the number of signatures needed. New York's 14th congressional district , which Crowley represented, partially overlaps with State Senate District 11. Unlike in 2014, the Queens County Democratic Party, which Crowley chaired at the time, endorsed Avella instead of Liu. In the September 2018 Democratic primary , Liu once again challenged Avella. In

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4326-588: The Land Grant College in a century. It provided better college libraries, ten to twenty new graduate centers, several new technical institutes, classrooms for several hundred thousand students, and twenty-five to thirty new community colleges a year. This major piece of legislation was followed by the Higher Education Act of 1965 , which increased federal money given to universities, created scholarships and low-interest loans for students, and established

4429-735: The National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act into law, creating both the National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment for the Humanities as separate, independent agencies. Lobbying for federally funded arts and humanities support began during the Kennedy Administration. In 1963 three scholarly and educational organizations—the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), the Council of Graduate Schools in America, and

4532-547: The Project Open Door Senior Citizen Center. It helped construct two uniquely conceived senior citizen residential buildings, Everlasting Pine and Hong Ning. In 1975, it launched its employment & training services with the English Language Center, which provided new immigrants with badly needed job-readiness skills training and workplace English instruction. The Chinese-American Arts Council,

4635-466: The Senate, and 224 liberals and 211 conservatives in the House. In the 89th Congress , by contrast, there were some 59 liberals and 41 conservatives in the Senate, and 267 liberals and 168 conservatives in the House. The core programs of the Great Society focused on a " war on poverty " which increased federal involvement in education, employment, and healthcare. The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 created

4738-633: The United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa —joined to establish the National Commission on the Humanities. In June 1964, the commission released a report that suggested that the emphasis placed on science endangered the study of the humanities from elementary schools through postgraduate programs. To correct the balance, it recommended "the establishment by the President and the Congress of the United States of

4841-520: The White House's approach eclipsed them. The administration's plan, which called for the creation of two separate agencies each advised by a governing body, was the version that the Congress approved. Richard Nixon dramatically expanded funding for NEH and NEA. After the First National Conference on Long-Range Financing of Educational Television Stations in December 1964 called for a study of

4944-605: The Workforce Division a long and distinguished track record that is highlighted by many awards and accolades it has received, including official commendations by the New York City Department of Employment recognizing the CPC as one of the best in training clients and placing them with top companies across the city. Currently, the CPC Workforce Division is the most successful service provider that worked with

5047-471: The administrations of Republican presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford while others were dismantled, and funding for many were cut by Ronald Reagan . From 1963 to 1970, the portion of Americans living below the poverty line declined from 22.2 to 12.6 percent. Johnson's Great Society initiatives came during a period of rapid economic growth in the U.S., unlike the New Deal three decades earlier, which

5150-474: The administrative procedures concerning general enrollment periods. The Food Stamp Act of 1964 made the program permanent, while the Social Security Amendments of 1967 specified that at least 6% of monies for maternal and child health should be spent on family planning. By 1967, the federal government began requiring state health departments to make contraceptives available to all adults who were poor. Meal programs for low-income senior citizens began in 1965, with

5253-414: The age group, CPC child care centers believe that family and community are essential facets of children's lives. CPC's early child care centers and school-age child care centers serve children ages six months to 12 years. Garment Industry Day Care and Little Star Of Broome Street are NAEYC (National Association for The Education of Young Children) accredited preschool programs. Confucius Plaza SACCC @ PS 124

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5356-426: The amount of earnings counted for contribution and benefit purposes (the contribution and benefit base), and an increase in the contribution rate schedule. The Social Security Amendments of 1967 included a 13% increase in old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits, with a minimum monthly benefit of $ 55 for a person retiring at or after age-65 (or receiving disability benefits), an increase from $ 35 to $ 40 in

5459-613: The average income of the American family stood at $ 8,000, double what it had been a decade earlier. Johnson's first public reference to the "Great Society" took place during a speech to students on May 7, 1964, on Ohio University 's historic College Green in Athens, Ohio : And with your courage and with your compassion and your desire, we will build a Great Society. It is a society where no child will go unfed, and no youngster will go unschooled. He later formally presented his specific goals for

5562-441: The best way to deal with poverty was not simply to raise the incomes of the poor but to help them better themselves through education, job training, and community development. Central to its mission was the idea of " community action ", the participation of the poor in framing and administering the programs designed to help them. The War on Poverty began with a $ 1 billion appropriation in 1964 and spent another $ 2 billion in

5665-521: The committees on Education, Consumer Affairs, Health, Land Use, Contracts, Oversight & Investigations as well as Lower Manhattan Redevelopment. Liu was known for his outspoken and confrontational demeanor. In March 2009, Liu announced that he was running for the post of New York City Comptroller . Liu had raised $ 3 million for his political run. In May, Liu picked up several endorsements from several different organizations: The Village Independent Democrats, The Queens County Democratic organization,

5768-691: The community (3,180) due to CPC's reputation and ability to refer clients in-house to its other services. As the economic slump continued in the year after 9/11, CPC transitioned its 9/11 program to meeting long-term employment and training needs as well as ongoing case management needs, training over 800 clients and placing over 50%, a remarkable feat given the economic climate. CPC has recently achieved accreditation for its childcare centers and received three licenses to open vocational and business schools. A new program enables clients not qualified for government assistance to pay for their employment workshops and placement assistance. The Workforce Development Division

5871-399: The country. Johnson first used the phrase in a May 7, 1964, speech at Ohio University . Major new federal programs addressing civil rights, education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty , and transportation were launched. In scope and sweep, the Great Society was comparable to the 1930s New Deal domestic programs of previous Democratic president Franklin D. Roosevelt . Some of

5974-590: The existing private insurance system. In 1966 welfare recipients of all ages received medical care through the Medicaid program. Medicaid was created on July 30, 1965, under Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. Each state administers its own Medicaid program while the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) monitors the state-run programs and establishes requirements for service delivery, quality, funding, and eligibility standards. Under

6077-473: The federal government providing funding for "congregate meals" and "home-delivered meals." The Child Nutrition Act, passed in 1966, made improvements to nutritional assistance to children such as in the introduction of the School Breakfast Program. Johnson promoted the arts in terms of social betterment, not artistic creativity. He typically emphasized qualitative and quantitative goals, especially

6180-402: The first elected to legislative or citywide office in New York. He was also a candidate in the 2013 New York City mayoral election . Liu currently teaches municipal finance and policy at Baruch College and Queens College of the City University of New York , and at Columbia University . Chun Liu was born in Taiwan, and moved to the United States at age five. His father, Chang Liu,

6283-429: The first presidential assistant for consumer affairs. The Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 required packages to carry warning labels. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 set standards through creation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act requires products identify manufacturer, address, clearly mark quantity and servings. The statute also authorized

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6386-404: The first session of the Eighty-Ninth Congress created the core of the Great Society. It began by enacting long-stalled legislation such as Medicare and federal aid to education and then moved into other areas, including high-speed mass transit, rental supplements, truth in packaging, environmental safety legislation, new provisions for mental health facilities, the Teacher Corps , manpower training,

6489-398: The first year of the tax cut, and economic growth averaged a rate of 4.5% from 1961 to 1968. GNP increased by 7% in 1964, 8% in 1965, and 9% in 1966. The unemployment rate fell below 5%, and by 1966 the number of families with incomes of $ 7,000 a year or more had reached 55%, compared with 22% in 1950. In 1968, when John Kenneth Galbraith published a new edition of The Affluent Society ,

6592-468: The following two years. It gave rise to dozens of programs, among them the Job Corps , whose purpose was to help disadvantaged youth develop marketable skills; the Neighborhood Youth Corps , established to give poor urban youths work experience and to encourage them to stay in school; Volunteers in Service to America ( VISTA ), a domestic version of the Peace Corps , which placed concerned citizens with community-based agencies to work towards empowerment of

6695-471: The full cost of finance charges in both dollars and annual percentage rates, on installment loan and sales. The Wholesome Poultry Products Act of 1968 required inspection of poultry which must meet federal standards. The Land Sales Disclosure Act of 1968 provided safeguards against fraudulent practices in the sale of land. The Radiation Safety Act of 1968 provided standards and recalls for defective electronic products. Joseph A. Califano Jr. has suggested that

6798-427: The goal of eliminating hunger, illiteracy, and unemployment from American life. The centerpiece of the War on Poverty was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 , which created an Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to oversee a variety of community-based antipoverty programs. Federal funds were provided for special education schemes in slum areas, including help in paying for books and transport, while financial aid

6901-432: The growing needs of Chinese Americans in Brooklyn, the CPC Brooklyn branch was established in 1979 on Church Avenue. Since then CPC Brooklyn branch has grown to serve over 600 individuals daily. CPC Brooklyn branch is currently located on 8th Avenue. Still, it aims to serve the rapidly increasing Chinese Immigrant population in the borough of Brooklyn, especially in the Sunset Park and Bay Ridge area. Some programs offered by

7004-421: The initiative to upgrade the city's current online transparency system. Liu is a leader of the Asian Political Leadership Fund, a federally designated 527 fund whose purpose is to promote political leadership from within the Asian American community. Liu ran as a candidate for Mayor of New York City in the 2013 election , losing in fourth place in the Democratic Party's primary election . His platform in

7107-422: The late 1930s the U.S. Congress mandated a Smithsonian Institution art museum for the National Mall, and a design by Eliel Saarinen was unveiled in 1939, but plans were shelved during World War II. A 1966 act of the U.S. Congress established the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden as part of the Smithsonian Institution with a focus on modern art, in contrast to the existing National Art Gallery . The museum

7210-414: The late 1970s, as the gentrification of Chinatown, Manhattan pushed up rental costs, immigrants began to move to Brooklyn and Queens , and CPC followed suit, setting up Queens ( Chinatown, Flushing ) and Brooklyn ( Chinatown, Brooklyn ) offices and changing its name and vision from the Chinatown Planning Council to the Chinese-American Planning Council. The community continued to evolve in the 1990s, with

7313-404: The latter's campaign finance scandal, his failure to pay fines from his earlier campaign for Comptroller, and his record as Comptroller. Liu was initially supported by the Working Families Party , by the Queens County Democratic Party and by several unions, but these organizations largely dropped their support of Liu when Jeff Klein , leader of the IDC, announced that its members would rejoin

7416-605: The local Americans for Democratic Action chapter and the Working Families Party , 1199 SEIU union local and the Uniformed Firefighters Association. Later, in September 2009, the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) began endorsing Liu. In the September 15 Democratic primary, Liu was the front-runner, ending up with 133,986 votes (38% of the vote), but because he did not manage to reach 40% of

7519-677: The mainline Democratic Conference after the 2014 elections. However, after Republicans gained an outright majority in the State Senate in the 2014 elections, the IDC continued to caucus with the Republicans. In 2014, Liu rejoined Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, where he has taught public finance . He also began a teaching position at Baruch College . Liu initially stated he had no plans to run for office after his 2014 loss to Avella and declined offers to do so, but

7622-445: The majority of undocumented immigrants flowing in from China's Fujian Province and facing challenges that are unique yet similar to the trajectory of waves of earlier Chinese immigrants. Since the tragedy of 9/11 in 2001, one-quarter of Chinatown's workforce was out of work. CPC responded immediately by launching 9/11 relief services to help dislocated workers access emergency assistance, serving more clients than any other program in

7725-690: The national-origin quotas in immigration law. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned housing discrimination and extended constitutional protections to Native Americans on reservations . Johnson recognized the benefits and costs of passing civil rights legislation. His support for the 1964 Civil Rights Act was despite his personal opinions on racial matters, as Johnson regularly articulated thoughts and disparaging language against racial minorities, including against African-Americans and Asians. Scholar and biographer Robert Caro suggested that Johnson used racially charged language to appease legislators in an effort to pass civil rights laws, including adapting how he said

7828-632: The poor; the Model Cities Program for urban redevelopment; Upward Bound , which assisted poor high school students entering college; legal services for the poor; and the Food Stamp Act of 1964 (which expanded the federal food stamp program). Programs included the Community Action Program , which initiated local Community Action Agencies charged with helping the poor become self-sufficient; and Project Head Start , which offered preschool education for poor children. In addition, funding

7931-402: The power of the arts to improve the quality of life of ordinary Americans and to reduce the inequalities between the haves and the have-nots. Karen Patricia Heath observes that, "Johnson personally was not much interested in the acquisition of knowledge, cultural or otherwise, for its own sake, nor did he have time for art appreciation or meeting with artists." In September 1965, Johnson signed

8034-580: The primary included: Investigations into Liu's election fundraising revealed that two of his former associates used straw donors to contribute to his Comptroller campaign, a discovery that rattled his 2013 campaign. On August 5, 2013, the Campaign Finance Board denied Liu matching funds worth $ 3.53 million for his campaign. His supporters disagreed with the decision, saying they had legitimately donated funds to Liu's campaign, and were being denied their rights. On November 17, 2011, Oliver Pan

8137-429: The proposed Social Security Amendments of 1964, which further increased the proposed level of Social Security benefits and added hospital insurance to the program, was passed in the Senate by a vote of 49 to 44. The following day the entire bill passed the Senate by 60 to 28 votes. Following this vote, as noted by one study, "Seeking to ensure that the health insurance proposal emerge from the conference committee as part of

8240-531: The proposed legislation through Congress. On January 4, 1965, Johnson announced much of his proposed program in his State of the Union Address . With the exception of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Great Society agenda was not a widely discussed issue during the 1964 presidential election campaign. Johnson won the election with 61% of the vote, and he carried all but six states. Democrats gained enough seats to control more than two-thirds of each chamber in

8343-482: The purchase of books and library materials. The Act also established Head Start , which had originally been started by the Office of Economic Opportunity as an eight-week summer program, as a permanent program. The Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, which was signed into law by Johnson a month after becoming president, authorized several times more college aid within a five-year period than had been appropriated under

8446-490: The region, volunteering to clean up city parks, or performing dance routines at community events, CPC youth form strong relationships with peers and mentors in a safe and supportive environment. Great Society The Great Society was a series of domestic programs enacted by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the United States from 1964 to 1968, with the stated goals of totally eliminating poverty and racial injustice in

8549-418: The report, the administration flirted with an effort to have the full House of Representatives vote to instruct the conference to yield to the Senate version. Though the health insurance provision appeared to have majority support in the House, the tactic did not, and the idea was dropped. Sure enough, the House conferees voted 3 to 2 against the Senate health provision; the Senate conferees voted 4 to 3 to accept

8652-487: The role of noncommercial education television in society, the Carnegie Corporation agreed to finance the work of a 15-member national commission. Its landmark report, Public Television: A Program for Action, published on January 26, 1967, popularized the phrase "public television" and assisted the legislative campaign for federal aid. The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 , enacted less than 10 months later, chartered

8755-622: The segregation of public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 assured minority registration and voting. It suspended use of literacy or other voter-qualification tests that had sometimes served to keep African-Americans off voting lists and provided for federal court lawsuits to stop discriminatory poll taxes . It also reinforced the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by authorizing the appointment of federal voting examiners in areas that did not meet voter-participation requirements. The Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 abolished

8858-665: The special age-72 payments, an increase from $ 1,500 to $ 1,680 in the amount a person may earn in a year and still get full benefits for that year, monthly cash benefits for disabled widows and disabled dependent widowers at age 50 at reduced rates, a liberalization of the eligibility requirements for benefits for dependents and Survivors of women workers, and an alternative insured-status test for workers disabled before age 31. Additionally, new guidelines for determining eligibility for disability insurance benefits, additional non-contributory wage credits for servicemen, broadened coverage of clergy and members of religious orders who have not taken

8961-707: The two had a strained relationship. Liu criticized Avella for joining the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC) , a group of senate Democrats that allied themselves with the Senate Republican Conference, creating a coalition that controlled the Senate. At the time, Democrats held a numerical majority in the Senate, but the IDC-Republican coalition prevented Democrats from holding power, while allowing Avella and other IDC members to gain committee chairpersonships. Avella criticized Liu over

9064-697: The university's Student Association. He worked as a manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers and served as president of the North Flushing Civic Association before his election to the City Council. Liu was elected to the New York City Council in 2001, representing northeast Queens in the 20th district as its first Asian American member. He also served as the Chairperson of the New York City Council's Transportation Committee, and served on

9167-588: The vote, a run-off election was required between Liu and David Yassky , who received 30 percent of the vote in the primary, but Liu later won the run-off by taking 55.6% of the vote. In the general election on November 3, Liu won the comptroller election with a total of 696,330 votes (76% of votes). Republican candidate Joseph Mendola came in second with 19.3% of the vote. During his tenure as New York comptroller, Liu claimed to have saved New York City more than $ 3 billion by cracking down on wasteful expenditures and cutting inefficiencies. He spearheaded Checkbook 2.0,

9270-485: The word 'negro' based upon where the legislator's district was located. The most ambitious and controversial part of the Great Society was its initiative to end poverty. The Kennedy Administration had been contemplating a federal effort against poverty. Johnson, who, as a teacher, had observed extreme poverty in Texas among Mexican-Americans , launched an "unconditional war on poverty" in the first months of his presidency with

9373-615: The wrong hands. The essay led Congress to create the Special Subcommittee on the Invasion of Privacy and inspired privacy advocates such as Neil Gallagher and Sam Ervin to fight what they perceived as Johnson's flagrant disregard for consumer privacy. Ervin criticized Johnson's domestic agenda as invasive and claimed that the unfiltered database of consumers' information as a sign of presidential abuse of power. Ervin warned that "The computer never forgets". Jerry M. Rosenberg dedicated

9476-524: Was a response to the Great Depression . Kennedy proposed an across-the-board tax cut lowering the top marginal income tax rate in the United States by 20%, from 91% to 71%, which was enacted in February 1964, three months after Kennedy's assassination, under Johnson. The tax cut also significantly reduced marginal rates in the lower brackets as well as for corporations. The gross national product rose 10% in

9579-495: Was also provided for slum clearances and rebuilding city areas. In addition, the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 created jobs in one of the most impoverished regions of the country. The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 provided various methods through which young people from poor homes could receive job training and higher education. The OEO reflected a fragile consensus among policymakers that

9682-566: Was an MBA student and bank teller . In honor of John F. Kennedy and the Kennedy family , Liu's father changed his sons' names to John, Robert, and Edward, and his own name to Joseph. Liu attended PS 20 in Queens , and Hunter College High School . He graduated from Bronx High School of Science in 1985, doing community organizing and volunteer work in his spare time. During his years attending Binghamton University , he majored in mathematical physics and rose to executive vice president of

9785-486: Was arrested on charges of wire fraud from illegal donations. Pan was approached by an undercover FBI agent posing as someone who wanted to donate $ 16,000 to Liu, well over the city donation limit of $ 4,950 for individual contributions, and agreed to arranged for 20 fictitious donors. In February 2012, campaign treasurer Jia "Jenny" Hou was arrested for using straw donors to circumvent campaign finance laws and gain more matching funds from taxpayers. In October 2013, she

9888-493: Was authorized by Congress on October 15, 1966, and began operations on April 1, 1967. Congress passed a variety of legislation to support improvements in transportation including The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 which provided $ 375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects in the form of matching funds to cities and states and created the Urban Mass Transit Administration (now

9991-438: Was critical of the lengthy three-year long process and the interrogation of thousands of his supporters. In September 2014, Liu ran in the Democratic primary race for New York State Senate District 11 (which includes some of the same neighborhoods as City Council District 20), losing to incumbent Tony Avella 47-52%. Liu and Avella had previously served together in the City Council, representing neighboring districts, and

10094-447: Was inspired after Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's upset victory over incumbent Congressman Joe Crowley in the June 2018 Congressional primary elections . He was then convinced to run for state senate by activists looking to defeat former IDC members. Liu was initially doubtful that the grassroots campaigners that approached him could gather enough signatures to place him on the ballot so close to

10197-467: Was primarily federally funded, although New York financier Joseph Hirshhorn later contributed $ 1 million toward building construction, which began in 1969. The Hirshhorn opened in 1974. Transportation initiatives started during President Johnson's term in office included the consolidation of transportation agencies into a cabinet-level position under the Department of Transportation . The department

10300-460: Was provided for the establishment of community health centers to expand access to health care, while major amendments were made to Social Security in 1965 and 1967 which significantly increased benefits, expanded coverage, and established new programs to combat poverty and raise living standards. In addition, average AFDC payments were 35% higher in 1968 than in 1960, but remained insufficient and uneven. The most important educational component of

10403-715: Was raised from $ 1,000 to $ 2,500, and the aggregate limit was raised from $ 5,000 to $ 10,000. The program was extended to include geography, history, reading, English, and civics, and guidance and counseling programs were extended to elementary and public junior high schools. The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 offered federal aid to local school districts in assisting them to address the needs of children with limited English-speaking ability until it expired in 2002. The Great Society programs also provided support for postgraduate clinical training for both nurses and physicians committed to work with disadvantaged patients in rural and urban health clinics. On August 31, 1964, an amendment to

10506-484: Was sentenced to ten months in prison after her conviction for attempted wire fraud , obstruction of justice and making false statements. Pan's sentence was later reduced to four months in jail. Liu was never accused of any wrongdoing in connection with his staffers. On the eve of their 2013 trial, he expressed frustration with the U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara 's office for what observers have described as an "extraordinarily intrusive and exhaustive investigation," and

10609-441: Was to prevent his program from being derailed by public criticism of proposals that had not yet been reviewed. The average task force had five to seven members and generally was composed of governmental experts and academics. After the task force reports were submitted to the White House, Moyers began a second round of review. The recommendations were circulated among the agencies concerned, and strategies were developed for getting

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