47-428: [REDACTED] This article includes a list of general references , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( July 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Criminal organization Chichesters [REDACTED] George Catlin painting of
94-540: A Coney Island restaurant in Brooklyn . While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, and Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel ; Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and Siegel had to shove him out of the driver's seat. With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano took over Masseria's gang and became Maranzano's lieutenant, ending
141-562: A portraitist . After a meeting with "tribal delegation of Indians from the western frontier, Catlin became eager to preserve a record of Native American customs and individuals." Catlin began his journey in 1830 when he accompanied Governor William Clark on a diplomatic mission up the Mississippi River into Native American territory. St. Louis became Catlin's base of operations for five trips he took between 1830 and 1836, eventually visiting fifty tribes. Two years later he ascended
188-579: A bid for control of Mafia operations. From his base in Castellammare del Golfo , he sent Salvatore Maranzano to seize control. The Castellammarese faction in the U.S. included Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno , Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino , Joseph Profaci , and Joe Aiello . As it became more and more evident that the two factions would clash for leadership of the Mafia, they each sought to recruit more followers to support them. The Castellammarese War
235-424: A bison and exhibits a human-like face that may be a self-portrait given the play on words inherent in the subject matter and the artist's surname. Catlin is also remembered for his research and writing on mouth breathing , inspired by observations made during his travels. This interest is linked to his non-fiction work, The Breath of Life , later retitled as Shut Your Mouth and Save Your Life , in 1862. It
282-479: A secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for receiving Masseria's rackets and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command. Joe Adonis had joined the Masseria faction and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot. On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro,
329-596: A studio at the Smithsonian Institution 's "Castle". In 1879, Harrison's widow donated his original Indian Gallery, more than 500 works, along with related artifacts, to the Smithsonian. The nearly complete surviving set of Catlin's first Indian Gallery, painted in the 1830s, is now part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum 's collection. The associated Catlin artifacts are in the collections of
376-739: Is contained in Last Rambles amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and the Andes (1868) and My Life among the Indians (ed. by N. G. Humphreys, 1909). Paintings of his Spanish American Indians are published. In 1872, Catlin traveled to Washington, D.C. at the invitation of Joseph Henry , the first secretary of the Smithsonian . Until his death later that year in Jersey City, New Jersey , Catlin worked in
423-525: Is one of the most unusual paintings in Catlin's later oeuvre, dated 1868 and inscribed with the title on the stretcher. It has been called "a folky depiction of a playful cat that bore much of the same technique, wonderment and enthusiasm exhibited in the artist's later depiction of Native Americans." In 1871, after an absence of more than three decades, Catlin returned to the United States and likely brought back
470-639: The Chichester Gang , along with the Forty Thieves , Shirt Tails , and Kerryonians , were one of the oldest early 19th century Irish Five Points street gangs during the mid 19th century in New York City . The Chichester Gang was organized by its founder John Chichester . The gang got their start by stealing from stores and warehouses and selling the stolen goods to local fences in the 1820s and later became involved in illegal gambling and robbery. An ally of
517-1094: The Dead Rabbits against the Bowery Boys , the Chichesters maintained between 50-100 members lasting for more than 50 years before being absorbed by the Whyos , much like many of the early gangs, following the American Civil War in 1865. References [ edit ] Asbury, Herbert . The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the New York Underworld , New York, 1928. Mohl, Raymond A. The Making of Urban America . Rowman & Littlefield, 1997. Prime, Samuel. Life in New York . New York, 1847. Smith, Barbara. Radical History Review Volume 52 . Cambridge University Press, 1992. Trumbull, Jonathan and Nancy F. Cott. Prostitution: Volume 9 of History of women in
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#1732845445565564-633: The Five Points, Manhattan , New York City in 1827, the territory of the "Chichesters" and other Irish gangs. Founded by John Chichester Founding location Five Points, Manhattan , New York City Years active 1820s-1860s Territory Five Points, Manhattan, New York City Ethnicity Irish-American Membership (est.) 7-? Criminal activities Street fighting , gambling , arson , rioting Allies Dead Rabbits , Tammany Hall Rivals Bowery Boys The Chichesters also known as
611-633: The Missouri River more than 3000 km (1900 miles) to Fort Union Trading Post, near what is now the North Dakota-Montana border, where he spent several weeks among indigenous people who were still relatively untouched by European culture. He visited eighteen tribes, including the Pawnee , Omaha , and Ponca in the south and the Mandan , Hidatsa , Cheyenne , Crow , Assiniboine , and Blackfeet to
658-521: The 1920s, Mafia operations in the U.S. were controlled by Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria , whose faction consisted mainly of gangsters from Sicily and the Calabria and Campania regions of Southern Italy . Masseria's faction included Charles "Lucky" Luciano , Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia , Vito Genovese , Alfred Mineo , Willie Moretti , Joe Adonis , and Frank Costello . However, powerful Sicilian mafioso Don Vito Cascio Ferro decided to make
705-543: The 2010 novel Shadow Tag by Louise Erdrich , where he is the subject of the unfinished doctoral dissertation by the character Irene America. His 1834 painting Comanche Feats of Horsemanship was featured in the second episode of the HBO drama series Watchmen , " Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship ", which was named for the painting. Five Families The Five Families refer to five Italian American Mafia crime families that operate in New York City . In 1931,
752-488: The American Indians. Catlin traveled with his Indian Gallery to major cities such as Pittsburgh , Cincinnati , and New York City . He hung his paintings salon style, side by side and one above another. Visitors identified each painting by the number on the frame, as listed in Catlin's catalogue. Soon after, he began a lifelong effort to sell his collection to the U.S. government. The touring Indian Gallery did not attract
799-770: The Castellammarese War. With Masseria gone, Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Five Families headed by Luciano, Profaci , Gagliano , Mangano , and himself. Maranzano called a meeting of crime bosses in Wappingers Falls, New York , where he declared himself capo di tutti i capi ("boss of all bosses"). Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but
846-788: The Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian . Some 700 sketches are held by the American Museum of Natural History in New York City . Some artifacts from Catlin are in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology collections. The Huntington Library in San Marino, California also holds 239 of Catlin's illustrations of both North and South American Indians, and other illustrative and manuscript material by Catlin. The accuracy of some of Catlin's observations has been questioned. He claimed to be
893-491: The Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act) was enacted, which aimed to stop the mafia and organized crime as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants. This effect compounded over time. In 1963, Joseph Valachi publicly disclosed
940-587: The North American Indians , in two volumes, with approximately 300 engravings. Three years later he published 25 plates, entitled Catlin's North American Indian Portfolio, and, in 1848, Eight Years' Travels and Residence in Europe . From 1852 to 1857, he traveled through South and Central America and later returned for further exploration in the American West Coast . The record of these later years
987-4972: The United States . Walter de Gruyter, 1993. Wilentz, Sean. Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850 . Oxford University Press, 2004. New-York Commercial Advertiser July 11, 1835. New York Herald 1835-1836. v t e Organized crime groups in New York City Italian American Mafia Active The " Five Families ": Bonanno Colombo Gambino Genovese Lucchese Inactive or in decline Camorra in New York City D'Aquila crime family Five Points Gang Morello crime family Murder, Inc. New Springville Boys Purple Gang South Brooklyn Boys Tanglewood Boys Irish Mob Inactive 19th Street Gang 40 Thieves Bowe Brothers Dead Rabbits The Ducky Boys Gopher Gang Grady Gang Hudson Dusters Kerryonians Marginals Patsy Conroy Gang Potashes Short Tails Rhodes Gang Roach Guards Swamp Angels Westies White Hand Gang Whyos Yakey Yakes Jewish-American organized crime Inactive Arnold Rothstein Bugsy Siegel Dutch Schultz Bugs and Meyer Mob Murder, Inc. Brooklyn Thrill Killers Eastman Gang Lenox Avenue Gang New York divorce coercion gang Yiddish Black Hand Zwi Migdal Howard Spira Russian mafia Inactive Evsei Agron's Bratva Marat Balagula's Bratva Potato Bag Gang Eastern and Southeastern European groups Velentzas Organization ( Greek ) The Greenpoint Crew ( Polish ) Rudaj Organization ( Albanian , inactive) Albanian Boys Outlaw motorcycle gangs Active Hells Angels Pagans Inactive Breed African-American groups Active Crips Rollin' 30s Harlem Crips United Blood Nation Nine Trey Gangsters Sex Money Murder Inactive Black Spades Bumpy Johnson's gang Casper Holstein's gang Frank Lucas's gang Frank Matthews' gang Nicky Barnes's Council Supreme Team Stephanie St. Clair's gang Hispanic-American groups Colombian drug cartels Medellín Cartel (inactive) Cali Cartel (inactive) Norte del Valle Cartel (inactive) Dominican gangs Dominicans Don't Play Trinitarios Jheri Curls (inactive) Puerto Rican gangs Latin Kings Ghetto Brothers Mau Maus (inactive) Ñetas Central American gangs 18th Street MS-13 Sur 13 South American gangs Tren de Aragua Chinese American groups Tongs Four Brothers Hip Sing Association On Leong Tong Gangs Flying Dragons Ghost Shadows White Tigers Continentals Foreign Triad gangs 14K Big Circle Gang Sister Ping 's Snakehead Other Asian American groups Born to Kill ( Vietnamese , inactive) Tiny Rascal Gang Other historical groups Atlantic Guards Batavia Street Gang Baxter Street Dudes Boodle Gang Broadway Mob Charlton Street Gang Cherry Hill Gang Chichesters Crazy Butch Gang Daybreak Boys Decepticons Dutch Mob Gas House Gang Honeymoon Gang Hook Gang Lenox Avenue Gang Molasses Gang Neighbors' Sons Savage Nomads Savage Skulls Shirt Tails Slaughter House Gang Tenth Avenue Gang Tub of Blood Bunch Bowery Boys Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chichesters&oldid=1074421945 " Categories : Former gangs in New York City Irish-American gangs Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2018 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Pages using infobox criminal organization with ethnicity or ethnic makeup parameters Pages using infobox criminal organization with rivals parameter George Catlin George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872)
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#17328454455651034-658: The United States and serve to mediate conflicts between families. The Commission consisted of seven family bosses: the leaders of New York's Five Families: Charlie "Lucky" Luciano , Vincent Mangano , Tommy Gagliano , Joseph Bonanno , and Joe Profaci ; Chicago Outfit boss Al Capone ; and Buffalo family boss Stefano Magaddino . Charlie Luciano was appointed chairman of the Commission. The Commission agreed to hold meetings every five years or when they needed to discuss family problems. The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of
1081-470: The body strong and prevented disease. He observed that mothers repeatedly closed the mouth of their infants while they were sleeping, in order to instill nasal breathing as a habit. He wrote the book to document these observations, stating that "there is no person in society but who will find... improvement in health and enjoyment..." from keeping his or her mouth shut. George Catlin met Clara Bartlett Gregory in 1828 in her hometown of Albany, New York . She
1128-603: The bosses of the Five Families as well as the bosses of the Chicago Outfit and the Buffalo crime family . In 1963, Joseph Valachi publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the Valachi hearings . Since then, a few other crime families have been able to become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable to that of the Five Families, holding or sharing the unofficial designation of Sixth Family . In
1175-460: The existence of New York City's Five Families at the Valachi hearings . According to Valachi, the original bosses of the Five Families were Charles Luciano , Tommaso Gagliano , Joseph Profaci , Salvatore Maranzano , and Vincent Mangano . At the time of his testimony in 1963, Valachi revealed that the current bosses of the Five Families were Tommy Lucchese , Vito Genovese , Joseph Colombo , Carlo Gambino , and Joe Bonanno . These have since been
1222-998: The first printed books to use lithography, Cadwallader D. Colden 's Memoir, Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals , published in 1825, with early images of the City of Buffalo . Catlin was born in 1796 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania . While growing up, George encountered "trappers, hunters, explorers and settlers who stayed with his family on their travels west." Catlin
1269-546: The first white man to see the Minnesota pipestone quarries , and pipestone was named catlinite . Catlin exaggerated various features of the site, and his boastful account of his visit aroused his critics, who disputed his claim of being the first white man to investigate the quarry. Previous recorded white visitors include the Groselliers and Radisson , Father Louis Hennepin , Baron de Lahontan, and others. Lewis and Clark noted
1316-621: The five families were organized by Salvatore Maranzano following his victory in the Castellammarese War . Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Maranzano, Profaci, Mangano, Luciano, and Gagliano families, which are now known as the Bonanno , Colombo , Gambino , Genovese , and Lucchese families, respectively. Each family had a demarcated territory and an organizationally structured hierarchy and reported to
1363-576: The gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, who was there to point Maranzano out, stabbed the boss multiple times before shooting him. This assassination was the first of what would later be fabled as the "Night of the Sicilian Vespers ". After Maranzano's murder in 1931, Luciano called a meeting in Chicago . Although there would have been few objections had Luciano declared himself capo di tutti i capi, he abolished
1410-586: The names most commonly used to refer to the New York Five Families, despite years of overturn and changing bosses in each. The crime families historically operated throughout the New York metropolitan area , but mainly within New York City . In the state of New York , the gangs have increased their criminal rackets on Long Island , including both Nassau and Suffolk counties, and the counties of Westchester , Rockland , and Albany . They also maintain
1457-607: The north. There he produced the most vivid and penetrating portraits of his career. During later trips along the Arkansas , Red , and Mississippi rivers, as well as visits to Florida and the Great Lakes , he produced more than 500 paintings and gathered a substantial collection of artifacts. When Catlin returned east in 1838, he assembled the paintings and numerous artifacts into his Indian Gallery, and began delivering public lectures that drew on his personal recollections of life among
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1504-611: The painting with him. It resurfaced in 1957 in the private collection of Lee B. Anderson, a pioneer collector of American art, and was subsequently sold at Christies for $ 47,000 on 24 May 2000. The painting reflects a playful quiet domesticity that contrasts sharply from the American bison that thundered across the Great Plains of the American West in the millions. The majestic long-haired cat itself bears some resemblance to
1551-480: The paintings and artifacts, which he stored in a factory in Philadelphia, as security. Catlin spent the last 20 years of his life trying to re-create his collection, and recreated more than 400 paintings. This second collection of paintings is known as the "Cartoon Collection", since the works are based on the outlines he drew of the works from the 1830s. In 1841, Catlin published Manners, Customs, and Condition of
1598-615: The paying public Catlin needed to stay financially sound, and the United States Congress rejected his initial petition to purchase the works. In 1839, Catlin took his collection across the Atlantic for a tour of European capitals. As a showman and entrepreneur , he initially attracted crowds to his Indian Gallery in London, Brussels, and Paris. The French critic Charles Baudelaire remarked on Catlin's paintings, "He has brought back alive
1645-583: The pipestone quarry in their journals in 1805. The fur trader Philander Prescott had written another account of the area in 1831. After the sale of Catlin's Indian Gallery was rebuffed by the U.S. Congress in May 1838, Catlin felt he could find a more receptive audience in Europe and moved his family to England in November 1839, then to Paris in 1845, and eventually lived in some obscurity in Ostend . Le Chat d'Ostende
1692-492: The proud and free characters of these chiefs, both their nobility and manliness." Catlin wanted to sell his Indian Gallery to the U.S. government to have his life's work preserved intact. His continued attempts to persuade various officials in Washington, D.C. to buy the collection failed. In 1852, he was forced to sell the original Indian Gallery, now 607 paintings, due to personal debts. The industrialist Joseph Harrison acquired
1739-417: The same overarching governing entity. Initially, Maranzano intended each family's boss to report to him as the capo dei capi ("boss of all the bosses"). This led to his assassination that September, and that role was abolished for the Commission , a ruling committee established by Lucky Luciano to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and to mediate conflicts between families. It consisted of
1786-409: The title, believing the position created trouble among the families and would make himself a target for another ambitious challenger. Luciano's goals with the Commission were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission. The Commission would consist of a " board of directors " to oversee all Mafia activities in
1833-407: The war. Tensions between the Maranzano and Masseria factions were evident as far back as 1928, with one side frequently hijacking the other's alcohol trucks (alcohol production was then illegal in the United States due to Prohibition ). In early 1931, Luciano made the decision to take out Masseria. The war had been going poorly for Masseria, and Luciano saw an opportunity to switch allegiance. In
1880-620: Was also intrigued by stories told to him by his mother, Polly Sutton, who had been captured by Indians during the 1778 Battle of Wyoming in Pennsylvania . Like his father, Catlin trained at Litchfield Law School when he was 17, although he disliked the field of law. He was admitted to the Bar in 1819 and practiced law for two years before giving it up to travel and study art. In 1823, he studied art in Philadelphia and became known for his work as
1927-724: Was an American lawyer, painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the American frontier . Traveling to the American West five times during the 1830s, Catlin wrote about and painted portraits that depicted the life of the Plains Indians . His early work included engravings, drawn from nature, of sites along the route of the Erie Canal in New York State. Several of his renderings were published in one of
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1974-535: Was based on his experiences traveling through the West, where he observed a consistent lifestyle habit among all of the Native American communities he encountered: a preference for nose breathing over mouth breathing. He also observed that they had perfectly straight teeth. He repeatedly heard that this was because they believed that mouth breathing made an individual weak and caused disease, while nasal breathing made
2021-483: Was between the forces of Masseria and Maranzano. Underneath, however, there was also a generational conflict between the old guard Sicilian leadership – known as the " Mustache Petes " for their long mustaches and old-world ways, such as refusing to do business with non-Italians – and the "Young Turks", a younger and more diverse Italian group who were more forward-thinking and willing to work more with non-Italians. This approach led his followers to question whether Masseria
2068-477: Was eager to escape her family home, not getting along with her father's third wife. After a brief courtship, Clara and George married on May 11, 1828. She was 19, and Catlin was 32. After their marriage, she accompanied him on one of his journeys west. They eventually had four children. Clara and his youngest son died while visiting Paris in 1845. Catlin died on December 23, 1872, aged 76 years in Jersey City, New Jersey . Catlin and his work figure repeatedly in
2115-550: Was even capable of making the Mafia prosper in modern times. Led by Luciano, the aim of this group was to end the war as soon as possible in order to resume their businesses, because they viewed the conflict as unnecessary. Luciano's objective was to modernize the mob and do away with unnecessary orthodox norms. This was a vision that enabled him to attract followers, who had seen the inadequacies of Masseria's traditionalist leadership. Therefore, both factions were fluid, with many mobsters switching sides or killing their own allies during
2162-520: Was marked for death. On September 10, 1931, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the 230 Park Avenue in Manhattan . Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to act first. He sent four Jewish gangsters to Maranzano's office whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of Jewish mobsters Meyer Lansky and Bugsy Siegel . Disguised as government agents, two of
2209-401: Was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano. Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even greedier and more hidebound than Masseria had been. By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hired Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll , an Irish gangster, to kill him. However, Lucchese alerted Luciano that he
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