Starting in the 1880s, various Pashtun-dominated governments of Afghanistan have pursued policies, called Pashtunization , aimed towards settling more ethnic Pashtuns in the northern region of Afghanistan.
21-593: Charles Yate is the name of: Sir Charles Yate, 1st Baronet (1849–1940), British administrator in India and politician Charles Allix Lavington Yate (1872–1914), British First World War recipient of the Victoria Cross See also [ edit ] Charles Yates (died 1870), brigadier-general during the American Civil War [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
42-502: A decree in 1885 which forbade any migration in the other direction). Ethnic Pashtuns who voluntarily migrated to northern Afghanistan often had their travel expenses paid for and were given animals, free land, and a three-year exemption from taxes. Abdur Rahman's policies of encouraging Pashtuns to settle in northern Afghanistan voluntarily ended up achieving more success than previous attempts at forced settlement (especially involuntary attempts which involved nomads ). However, in spite of
63-539: A detachment of the 29th Bombay Infantry during the Second Afghan War , 1879–1880. He then served on General Roberts's staff and served as political officer in charge of Kandahar from August 1880 until May 1881. From 1884 to 1886 he served with the Afghan Boundary Commission , and later published a book about his experiences. In March 1885, he found himself at the epicentre of a global crisis when he
84-493: A result of the 19th and 20th century Pashtun colonization policies that Afghan governments pursued, Pashtuns became the dominant ethnic group in the developed agricultural areas in northern Afghanistan, while other ethnic groups (especially the Uzbeks) came to dominate in the underdeveloped foothills . By the start of the 1970s, ethnic Pashtuns constituted 56% of the total population in the former Tajik-dominated Baghlan area, 61% of
105-524: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sir Charles Yate, 1st Baronet Colonel Sir Charles Edward Yate, 1st Baronet , CSI , CMG , JP (28 August 1849 – 29 February 1940) was an English soldier and administrator in British India and later a politician in Britain. Yate was born at Holme-on-Spalding-Moor , Yorkshire,
126-717: The Governor-General to Khorasan and Sistan , based in Mashhad , Persia . He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1893 and consul-general in 1896. In 1898 he returned to Rajputana and in 1900 was appointed Chief Commissioner of Baluchistan . He was promoted colonel in 1901, and retired from the Indian Political Service in 1904 and the Indian Army in 1906. During the First World War , he returned to service with
147-573: The 1880s, they numbered around 2 to 4% of the population. During his reign, Abdur Rahman Khan initiated a process of ethnic Pashtun settlement and colonization called Pashtunization in northern Afghanistan. These Pashtun colonization policies had three major purposes: to strengthen the Pashtun-dominated government's hold on the Persian-speaking people living in the northern territories, to allow Afghan governments to deport their opponents to
168-732: The 1970s, after the ethnically Tajik Habibullāh Kalakāni attempted and failed to seize power in Afghanistan during the 1928–1929 civil war , ethnic Uzbeks and ethnic Tajiks lost hundreds of thousands of acres of pasture and cultivated land in northern Afghanistan. Afterwards, this land was sold or outright given to ethnic Pashtun settlers, further increasing Pashtun influence in northern Afghanistan. During this time, Pashtun settlers in Takhar Province pushed, Tajik, Hazara, and Qarluq farmers as well as Uzbek herders out of irrigated lowlands and into foothills with little agricultural value. As
189-692: The British Army, attached to No 1 Ambulance Flotilla, which transported casualties from the Western Front on the River Seine , in 1915. He returned to England in 1904. He stood unsuccessfully as a Conservative for Parliament at Pontefract in 1906 , and for Melton , Leicestershire in January 1910 before being elected to the latter seat as Member of Parliament in December 1910 . He served until 1924. Yate
210-581: The Persian-speaking non-Pashtuns of northern Afghanistan, Pashtun nationalist ideology , pro-Pashtun forced resettlement , and taxation policies that were discriminatory against the many non-Pashtun tribes living in northern Afghanistan. The British Empire supported the Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan due to Britain's desire to reduce Russian influence in Afghanistan (see the Great Game ). In 1893, British Army Major Charles Yate wrote that only
231-509: The baronetcy became extinct upon his death, at Madeley Hall, aged ninety. Although he lost his speech in older age, he remained mentally alert enough to still take an interest in news from India. He was buried at St Michael's Parish Churchyard in Madeley. Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan The ethnic Pashtun population in northern Afghanistan was almost nonexistent when Emir Abdur Rahman Khan 's came to power in 1880. Before
SECTION 10
#1732858905262252-657: The best land in northern Afghanistan at the expense of the Tajiks , Turkmens , Uzbeks , Hazaras , and other peoples who previously owned this land. While all of the Pashtuns who migrated to northern Afghanistan before 1885 had done so involuntarily (often exiled for opposing the policies of the Afghan government), this changed after 1885, when Abdur Rahman began offering incentives for ethnic Pashtuns to voluntarily settle in northern Afghanistan (while also making this migration one-way by issuing
273-591: The incentive-based voluntary migration in force in 1885, many ethnic Pashtuns ended up being deported to northern Afghanistan even after 1885, in some cases as late as the 1940s . Between 1885 and 1888, the Pashtun population in northern Afghanistan had increased eight-fold from 3,500 Pashtun families in 1885 to 40,000 Pashtun families in 1888. Rebellions such as the Ghilzai Pashtuns ' rebellions in eastern Afghanistan and Sardar Muhammad Ishaq's rebellion temporarily stopped Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan in
294-569: The late 1880s . Afterwards, despite another short period of colonization, the Hazara War broke out in the early 1890s, ending the Pashtunization of northern Afghanistan during Abdur Rahman's reign–though it would resume under Abdur Rahman's successors after his death in 1901. Between the 1910s and the 1940s, many ethnic Pashtun herders settled in Afghan Turkestan. From the 1930s to
315-527: The non-Pashtun tribes have any contact and interactions with the Russians, and that surrounding these tribes with Pashtuns would end these tribes' interactions with the Russians. The Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan allowed Abdur Rahman Khan to strengthen his rule over the non-Pashtun lands in Afghan Turkestan . In addition to this, this Pashtun colonization resulted in Pashtun settlers acquiring
336-503: The north (where they would be comparatively less able to cause trouble to the government), and to help supposedly economically develop northern Afghanistan. Abdur Rahman himself stated that since the King of Afghanistan is Pashtun, Pashtuns should watch over the Afghan - Russian frontier . In order to achieve this goal, both Abdur Rahman Khan and his successors utilized land confiscation from
357-405: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Yate&oldid=398634338 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
378-645: The son of the village's vicar . He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Rossall School and in 1867 purchased an Ensigncy in the 49th Foot . In 1871 he was promoted Lieutenant and transferred to the Bombay Staff Corps of the Indian Army and later to the Indian Political Service , serving as an assistant political superintendent in Rajputana . He was promoted captain in 1879 and commanded
399-802: Was a supporter of the Pashtun colonisation of northern Afghanistan , writing in 1893 that "[i]t is only the non-Afghan tribes such as the Maimanah Uzbegs [Uzbeks], the Herati Hazarahs and Jamshidis, etc. that have any intercourse or communication with the Turkomans or Russians , and once encircled by Afghans they are safe." In 1889 he was appointed British political agent in Muscat , in 1890 consul at Muscat, then political agent in Baluchistan , and in 1893 agent to
420-553: Was created a Baronet , of Madeley Hall in the County of Shropshire , for his political service in the 1921 New Year Honours . It was to Madeley he moved after retiring from Parliament, having previously lived at Asfordby House near Melton. He became Justice of the Peace for the Borough of Wenlock in 1927. His only son died in childhood in 1910 (although he also had two daughters), and so
441-679: Was the most senior British officer to witness the Panjdeh incident which almost led to war between Britain and Russia. For his work with the Commission, he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in 1887 and Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1888, being promoted Major between these two awards. He was also awarded the Afghan Order of Hurmat. During this time, Yate
SECTION 20
#1732858905262#261738