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109-610: Cuprill Oppenheimer was born on September 12, 1916, in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Ponce was the second-largest city in Puerto Rico and was important economically, culturally, socially, and politically at the time. Cuprill's parents were Ramón Fundador Cuprill Rivera and Isabel Oppenheimer Figueroa. He had five siblings: Lydian, Irma, Warren, Charles Evans, and Rambel. Cuprill Oppenheimer married his college sweetheart, Lidia María Hernández Collazo, whose father, civil engineer José Alfredo Hernández Buitrago, worked for almost five decades at

218-552: A Developmental Counseling form, DA 4856. Cadets are counseled on their performance through the ALRM attributes and competencies. At the end of the MSIII school year, these counselings are collected and help determine a cadet's ranking on the Order of Merit List (OML), a ranking of all ROTC Cadets in the nation that impacts how Cadets receive their component and branch when they commission. Advanced Camp

327-801: A Lieutenant Colonel; it is his/her job to instruct the MSIVs as they make the transition from Cadet to Second Lieutenant. Depending on the size of the program, there are typically other cadre members including an Assistant Professor of Military Science, usually a senior Captain or a Major who teaches younger Cadets, and a Senior Military Instructor, usually a senior NCO who teaches basic military skills and tactics. The United States Army offers ROTC scholarships that assist students with financing their education. There are numerous types of Army ROTC scholarships available for both high school and college students.: There are three different types of scholarships available to high school students. These scholarships are won through

436-558: A Military Junior College, and will be in the SMP program. SMP cadets are not required to complete Basic Combat Training (BCT) or Advanced Individual Training (AIT), but it is necessary to receive specific benefits. The benefits are as follows: Once contracted, SMP cadets cannot be deployed. However, they are required to attend all drill events with their unit. This includes drill weekend and advanced training. Cadets may compete for training opportunities conducted at active army schools. This training

545-708: A Rotarian from South Carolina, began her term as the first female vice-president of Rotary International. Also in 2013, Nan McCreadie was appointed as the first female president of Rotary International in Great Britain and Ireland (RIBI). The first woman to join Rotary in Ghana, West Africa was Hilda Danquah (Rotary Club of Cape Coast) in 1992. The first woman president in Ghana was Dr. Naana Agyeman-Mensah in 2001 (Rotary Club of Accra-Airport). Up until 2013, there has been 46 women presidents in

654-485: A cadet who only completes the first two years of ROTC (Basic Course), there is no military obligation, unless the student is a 3- to 4-year scholarship cadet or has other specific scholarships. If a cadet has accepted a scholarship, service commitments may vary. With some exceptions, in order to progress to the last two years of the program (Advanced Course) the cadet must contract with the United States Army. To do so,

763-491: A company commander, company XO, first sergeant, platoon leader, platoon sergeant and squad leader. While filling these positions, the MSIII is evaluated according to the Army Leadership Requirements Model (ALRM) which centers on what a leader is (attributes) and what a leader does (competencies), outlined by the following model. The evaluation is usually given by an MS IV and is delivered in writing using

872-612: A considerable number of the native business and professional men have been so honoured, the Shanghai Club will begin to realize its period of greatest success." As part of considering the application of a Club to be chartered in Kolkata (then Calcutta), India in January 1920 and Tokyo , Japan in October 1920, Rotary formally considered the issue of racial restriction in membership and determined that

981-658: A decree of the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office , published by L'Osservatore Romano , forbade Catholics clergy to accept membership of Rotary clubs. On January 27, 1951, a second decree of the Holy Office specified that warning against membership by laymen applied in some countries but not in the U.S. Relationships with the Roman Catholic Church were changed again by Paul VI and John Paul II . After

1090-631: A district governor and board member. The international board meets quarterly to establish policies and make recommendations to the overall governing bodies, the RI Convention and the RI Council on Legislation. Rotary's president presides over the Board of Directors and is elected to a one-year term. Current President: Stephanie A. Urchick is president of Rotary International. She holds a doctorate in leadership studies from Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She

1199-406: A field training. The course as a whole lasts for 28 days. Phase one makes up the first thirteen days of training while phase two training takes up the remaining 15 days. Of these last 15 days, the field training exercise takes 9 to complete. To be accepted into the program, a prospective student must show proficiency in multiple areas of physical fitness, as well as knowledge of battle drills. To meet

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1308-520: A lecture inside the Rotary. In 1963, it was noted that the Rotary practice of involving wives in club activities had helped to break down female seclusion in some countries. Clubs such as Rotary were predated by women's service organisations, which started in the United States as early as 1790. The first Irish clubs discussed admitting women as members in 1912, but the proposal foundered over issues of social class. Gender equity in Rotary moved beyond

1417-575: A lifetime of commitment and service to the nation." The first college to offer military training was Norwich University , founded in 1819 in Vermont, followed by various state-chartered military schools and finally post- Civil War civilian land grant colleges that required military training. The modern Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps was created by the National Defense Act of 1916 and commissioned its first class of lieutenants in 1920. For

1526-517: A membership of 1.4 million individuals, known as Rotary members. Rotary International is the organization of service clubs with the largest membership in the world, with 1.9 million volunteers, including all the members of clubs that make up the Rotary family, namely Rotary, Interact and Rotaract clubs. The first Rotary Club was formed when attorney Paul P. Harris called together a meeting of three business acquaintances in downtown Chicago , United States, at Harris's friend Gustave Loehr 's office in

1635-434: A non-partisan, non-sectarian organization. Membership is open to "adult persons who demonstrate good character, integrity, and leadership; possess good reputation within their business, profession, occupation, and/or community." One can contact a Rotary club to inquire about membership and it was a traditional method that a person can join a Rotary club only if invited; there is the ability to join without an invitation but it

1744-511: A number of affiliated clubs that promote the goals of Rotary in their community. Inner Wheel is an international organization founded in 1924 to unite wives and daughters of Rotarians. Inner Wheel Clubs exist in over 103 countries. Like Rotary, Inner Wheel is divided into local clubs and districts. Female spouses of Rotary members are traditionally called "Partners" or "Spouse". Rotary concentrates on seven areas: promoting peace, improving health through disease prevention and treatment, improving

1853-547: A program of Rotary International, and its first club was founded in 1968 by Charlotte North Rotary Club, located in Charlotte, North Carolina . In 2019, Rotaract went from being a program of Rotary International to being a membership type of Rotary International, elevating its status to resemble that of Rotary clubs. As of 1 July 2020, Rotaract clubs can exist on their own, or may be sponsored by Rotary and/or Rotaract clubs. This makes them true "partners in service" and key members of

1962-587: A series of standardized tests including the Cadet Development Assessment (CDA). The CDA assesses the state of a MSIII cadet's development in preparation for the MSIV year with a focus on mission-context problem solving. Cadets must attend and complete Advanced Camp to earn an Army commission. This is the final year of the ROTC program and the main focus is towards preparing cadets to become successful lieutenants in

2071-462: A single club per city, municipality, or town, but Rotary International has encouraged the formation of one or more additional clubs in the largest cities when practical. Most clubs meet weekly, usually at a mealtime on a weekday in a regular location, when Rotarians can discuss club business and hear from guest speakers. Each club also conducts various service projects within its local community, and participates in special projects involving other clubs in

2180-401: A time when other students might typically pursue internships or research opportunities. The cadre at each university consist of military personnel and civilian technical assistants who run the ROTC program. It is the cadre's job to teach the military science classes and oversee the day-to-day operations of the ROTC program. Every Army ROTC program has a Professor of Military Science, usually

2289-543: Is a paid 35 day leadership course conducted at Fort Knox, Kentucky each summer. It was formerly conducted at Fort Lewis, Washington , Fort Bragg, North Carolina and Fort Riley, Kansas . In 2014, Advanced Camp (then LDAC) was consolidated with Basic Camp at Fort Knox, Kentucky. This was a period of upheaval for the training event due to the rapid change of locations and new Cadet Command Commanding General stripping Advanced Camp of its graded portion. For 2014, Advanced Camp, then LDAC, retained its graded portions, but in 2015 it

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2398-721: Is a prominent bankruptcy business reorganization specialist involved in thoroughbred racing. His son Hector R. Cuprill Hernandez, a business and civil trial lawyer, taught Civil Procedure and Evidence and assisted him as Associate Dean at the Catholic University of PR Law School. His youngest son, Raymond Warren Cuprill Hernandez, retired from the Legal Division of the National Highway Administration in D.C. Badges: Army Reserve Officers%27 Training Corps The Army Reserve Officer Training Corps ( AROTC )

2507-519: Is a two-week course taught at Fort Campbell, Kentucky . Upon successful completion, the cadet is awarded the Air Assault Badge . Army airborne training is conducted for three weeks at Fort Moore , Georgia. Upon successful completion, cadets are awarded the Parachutist Badge . An initiative of ASA/MRA, allows cadets to work with a variety of programs across the nation, such as Department of

2616-576: Is active on numerous community boards and committees and has been honored by organizations including Zonta International and the Sons of the American Revolution.. Rotary International has a general secretary, who also acts as chief executive officer and leads the Rotary Foundation. The current holder of the post is John Hewko . According to its constitutions ("Charters"), Rotary defines itself as

2725-433: Is an expansion of the topics taught in the first year of the program. Cadets are introduced to tactics, troop leading procedures, basics of operations orders and ethics. Basic Camp, formerly Cadet Initial Entry Training (CIET) and Leader's Training Course (LTC) before that, is a four-week (28-day) introduction to Army life and leadership training of the ROTC, held at Fort Knox, Kentucky each summer. The aim of this training

2834-685: Is dual-hatted as the commanding general of U.S. Army Cadet Command since 2011. In 1960, General George H. Decker became the first ROTC graduate named Chief of Staff of the Army. General Colin Powell was the first ROTC graduate named Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , who was a graduate of the City College of New York and later served as the United States Secretary of State . Chiefs of staff of

2943-478: Is one of the largest service organizations in the world. The mission of Rotary, as stated on its website, is to "provide service to others, promote integrity, and advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace through [the] fellowship of business, professional, and community leaders". It is a non-political and non-religious organization. Membership is by application or invitation and based on various social factors. There are over 46,000 member clubs worldwide, with

3052-417: Is part of a training exercise and not an independent school. Ranger Challenge is the varsity sport of Army ROTC. A Ranger Challenge team is made up of 9 people, 8 active participant and 1 reserved. They compete against other colleges throughout the nation in events such as patrolling, weapons assembly, one-rope bridge, Army Physical Fitness Test, land navigation and a ten-kilometer road march. A color guard

3161-419: Is recommended to attend a meeting to ensure a suitable fit to the club. Active membership is by invitation from a current Rotarian, to professionals or businesspersons working in diverse areas of endeavour. Each club may limit up to ten percent of its membership representing each business or profession in the area it serves. The goal of the clubs is to promote service to the community they work in, as well as to

3270-494: Is responsible for posting the colors for ceremonial events (football games, dining ins and dining outs, military balls and commencements), as well as cannon detail at football games, in order to show honor towards flag and country. These formal social events are designed to allow cadets to experience the type of social gathering and military etiquette they can expect as future commissioned officers. Cadets are encouraged to bring spouses or dates. Many dignitaries are invited, including

3379-527: Is structured in club, district and international levels. Rotarians are members of their clubs. The clubs are chartered by the global organization Rotary International (RI) headquartered in Evanston, Illinois . For administrative purposes, the more than 46,000 clubs worldwide are grouped into 529 districts, and the districts into 34 zones. The Rotary Club is the basic unit of Rotary activity, and each club determines its own membership. Clubs originally were limited to

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3488-565: Is taught at the Ethan Allen Firing Range in Jericho, Vermont . It is taught in two phases, each lasting two weeks. The summer phase teaches and tests cadets on military mountaineering operations including rock climbing, rappelling and orienteering. The winter phase teaches and tests on similar tasks, but in the winter environment. It includes ice climbing, cross-country skiing and cold weather operations. The Sapper Leader Course focuses on

3597-722: Is the United States Army component of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps . It is the largest Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program which is a group of college and university -based officer training programs for training commissioned officers for the United States Army and its reserves components: the Army Reserves and the Army National Guard . There are over 30,000 Army ROTC cadets enrolled in 274 ROTC programs at colleges and universities throughout

3706-462: Is to motivate and qualify cadets for entry into the Senior ROTC program. Basic Camp is a summary version of the first two years of leadership development training that cadets receive at their university for the basic course. This course is designed for college students, either in the summer between freshman and sophomore year or between sophomore and junior year, qualifying these cadets for enrollment in

3815-561: Is usually conducted during the summer months, but some allocations are available during the winter holidays. Cadets are selected to attend this training based on their overall standing within the program. Since the number of allocations are limited, selection for schools is competitive and based on factors including ROTC grades, academic grades, participation in ROTC activities, APFT scores and advisor recommendations. Cadets are trained in airmobile operations, including rappelling from helicopters, airmobile tactics and rigging air mobile cargo. This

3924-622: Is very similar to Cadet Troop Leadership training but it takes place at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. During the three weeks, cadets will follow around drill sergeants and the officers of each basic training company. The Northern Warfare Training course is a three-week course covering tactical operations in a cold weather climate. The course is taught at Fort Greely in Alaska . Cadets are trained in winter survival techniques, skiing, snowshoeing and cold weather patrolling. The Army Mountain Warfare course

4033-562: The United States . These schools are categorized as Military Colleges (MC), Military Junior Colleges (MJC) and Civilian Colleges (CC). All of these units are commanded by the U.S. Army Cadet Command , whose mission is "to select, educate, train, and commission college students to be officers and leaders of character in the Total Army and form partnerships with high schools to conduct JROTC programs to develop citizens of character for

4142-461: The Unity Building on Dearborn Street on February 23, 1905. In addition to Harris and Loehr (a mining engineer and freemason ), Silvester Schiele (a coal merchant ), and Hiram E. Shorey (a tailor) were the other two who attended this first meeting. The members chose the name Rotary because initially they rotated subsequent weekly club meetings to each other's offices, although within a year,

4251-614: The inoculation of more than two billion of the world's children. Inspired by Rotary's commitment, the World Health Organization (WHO) passed a resolution in 1988 to eradicate polio by 2000. Now a partner in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) with WHO, UNICEF and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Rotary is recognized by the United Nations as the key private partner in

4360-568: The 1980s, women were not allowed membership in Rotary clubs, although Rotarian spouses, including Paul Harris's wife Jean, were often members of the similar " Inner Wheel " club. Women did play some roles, and Jean Thomson Harris made numerous speeches. Dale Carnegie's biographer Carlos Roberto Bacila describes that in 1955 when women were not permitted to attend Rotary meetings, the Brooklyn Rotary Club made an exception and finally allowed Marilyn Burke, Carnegie's secretary, to accompany him in

4469-688: The 296th Infantry Regiment, which provided replacements to its sister company deployed in Korea. He later became the Commanding Officer of the Henry Barracks Army base in Cayey, Puerto Rico, where United States' draftees were trained before being sent as replacements to the 65th Infantry Regiment. Cuprill Oppenheimer retired from the Puerto Rico National Guard with the rank of major general. He

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4578-414: The 30 Rotary clubs in Ghana. In 2013, Stella Dongo from Zimbabwe was appointed District Governor for District 9210 (Zimbabwe/Zambia/Malawi/Northern-Mozambique) for the Rotary year 2013–14 making her the first female District Governor in the region. She had previously held the offices of Assistant Governor (2006–08), District Administrator (2008–09) and President of The Rotary Club of Highlands (2005–06). She

4687-712: The Administrative Law Course that Cuprill Oppenheimer taught for five decades at the Pontifical Catholic University School of Law, where he is now a Law Professor Emeritus. The Federalist Society Chapter of the same law school is also named after him. Cuprill Oppenheimer's legacy extends to his family as well. His three sons, Charles Alfred, Hector Rambel Sr., and Raymond Warren, became attorneys, and his oldest grandson, Hector R. Cuprill Jr., and youngest granddaughter, Diana I. Cuprill, pursued law careers. His oldest son, Charles A. Cuprill Hernandez,

4796-796: The Army (DA), the Office of the Chief of the Army Reserve (OCAR), National Guard Bureau (NGB), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), European Command (EUCOM), Africa Command (AFRICOM), or the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) for 3–8 weeks. Cadet Troop Leadership Training is an optional program for MSIII cadets during the summer following completion of LDAC. This three-week CONUS or four-week OCONUS program trains cadets in lieutenant positions with active army units. Assignments are available in nearly all branches and with units worldwide. Drill Cadet Leadership Training

4905-704: The Army or Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to graduate from Army ROTC include: The Citadel has produced 293 general and flag officers as of June 30, 2017. VMI had produced 265 as of 2006. The University of Oregon has produced the highest number of general officers out of the civilian ROTC schools, with a total of 47. There are three Department of the Army decorations authorized exclusively to cadets: Outside these, cadets are eligible for numerous U.S. Army awards and decorations , as well as awards and decorations sponsored by various military societies and organizations. Rotary International 342.953 Interactors 162.354 Rotaractors Rotary International

5014-400: The Army upon graduation and commissioning. Senior cadets apply for their branches (career fields). Senior cadets apply before end of their third year, but have until mid September to make any changes before they are locked in. In early November, cadets are notified of which branch and status they were granted (e.g., Regular Army, Army Reserve, Army National Guard). For those cadets selected for

5123-592: The Chicago club became so large it became necessary to adopt the now-common practice of a regular meeting place. The next four Rotary Clubs were organized in cities in the western United States, beginning with San Francisco , then Oakland , Seattle , and Los Angeles . The National Association of Rotary Clubs in America was formed in 1910. On November 3, 1910, a Rotary club began meeting in Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada, marking

5232-717: The DeLand Rotary Club. Cuprill Oppenheimer was appointed to Government Committees by all the elected Governors of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. He was also Chairman of the PR Electoral Reform Commission. He was a member of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem . The Charles R. Cuprill Oppenheimer Award is an annual award given to the graduate student with the most outstanding grade in

5341-523: The Department of Military Science and Leadership to determine if waivers can be granted. This year serves as the cadets' first introduction to the Army. Topics covered include military courtesy, military history, basic first aid, basic rifle marksmanship, basic hand grenade use, land navigation, rappelling, fundamentals of leadership, map orienteering, field training, military procedures, radio operations, rank structures and drill and ceremony. The second year

5450-686: The London club was chartered. During World War I, Rotary in Britain increased from 9 to 22 clubs, and other early clubs in other nations included those in Cuba in 1916, the Philippines in 1919 and India in 1920. In 1922, the name was changed to Rotary International. From 1923 to 1928, Rotary's office and headquarters were located on E 20th Street (now E Cullerton Street) in the Atwell Building. During this same time,

5559-617: The MSIV year is to learn how to manage and evaluate training in the field while learning officership in the classroom. Branch assignments are made according to the needs of the Army. Consideration is given to the cadet's area of academic specialty and their individual desires. Army policy is to assign graduating cadets to a branch and specialty code based on the following: Leadership labs place cadets in leadership positions, teach and provide practical experience in military drill and ceremonies, troop leading procedures, small unit tactical operations, rappelling and water survival. Labs are held during

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5668-563: The Military Science III year and Advanced Course. The third year marks the beginning of the Advanced Course. This is where most cadets must contract with the Army to continue in the program. Cadets may be eligible for the Advanced Course if the following criteria are met: The course sequence in this year is mainly focused on the application of leadership and small-unit tactics. Cadets are assigned rotating leadership positions within

5777-568: The Order of Merit List in the branching process. Cadets with higher scores on the ACFT during their MSIII year and at Advanced Camp receive more points in this category, which places them higher on the OML and makes performing well in physical fitness necessary for Cadets to receive their preferred branch and component. ROTC Cadets must train for the military at the same time that they complete their college degree. This entails numerous commitments during and outside

5886-534: The RI PolioPlus vaccination campaign. Mulitsch made it possible shipping the first 500,000 doses of antipolio vaccine to the Philippines at the beginning of 1980. This project later gave rise to the NGO "Nuovi Spazi al Servire" co-ordinated by Luciano Ravaglia (RC Forlì , Italy). Since beginning the project in 1985, Rotarians have contributed over US$ 850 million and hundreds of thousands of volunteer-hours, contributing to

5995-555: The RI President's message and theme for that year. The AGs are assigned specific clubs to be under their purview, and they must accompany the DG on their official club visits to those particular clubs. Approximately 15 Rotary districts form a zone. A zone director, who serves as a member of the RI board of directors, heads two zones. The zone director is nominated by the clubs in the zone and elected by

6104-534: The Rotary club tried to control the damage by preventing members such as Hans Globke and Wolfgang A. Wick from being appointed presidents. Rotary clubs in Eastern Europe and communist nations were disbanded by 1945–46, but new Rotary clubs were organized in many other countries, and by the time of the national independence movements in Africa and Asia , the new nations already had Rotary clubs. On January 11, 1951,

6213-464: The School Battalion and are evaluated on their performance and leadership abilities while in those positions. Third-year cadets practice briefing operations orders, executing small-unit tactics, leading and participating in physical training and preparing for successful performance at the four-week Cadet Leader Course during the summer following the third year. Under current regulations, attendance at

6322-689: The UPR school of law in 1947. He served three terms as Dean of Pontifical Catholic University School of Law . During his tenure as Dean, the Law School received approval of the American Bar Association. He was one of the founders and a trustee emeritus of the Ponce School of Medicine . Cuprill was a two-time president of Phi Sigma Alpha and "Hermano Emeritus" Medal holder of the Fraternity. In 1950, he

6431-411: The United States, the name was changed to the International Association of Rotary Clubs in 1912. In August 1912, the Rotary Club of London received its charter from the Association, marking the first acknowledged Rotary club outside North America . It later became known that the Dublin club in Ireland was organized before the London club, but the Dublin club did not receive its charter until after

6540-749: The application of a mixture of infantry and combat engineer small unit tactics to forces composed of one or more branch of service. Additionally, this course focuses on advancing the leadership skills of its students within these environments. The course is taught in two sections which each focus on different tasks. The first consists of general information including combat lifesaving, meeting physical fitness standards, demolitions, explosive hazard recognition, land navigation, knot tying, as well as air, mountain and water operations training. The second phase consists of tactics which relate specifically to patrolling and combat operations with topics covering movement formations, intelligence gathering, planning operations, MOUT, and

6649-420: The bar exam, the U.S. Supreme Court would confer a license to practice law in Puerto Rico. Cuprill Oppenheimer was also admitted to the United States Supreme Court Bar. However, his law career was interrupted twice when he had to serve his nation during World War II and the Korean War. Cuprill Oppenheimer's sacrifices were rewarded with a successful law practice that lasted over 50 years. He was highly regarded in

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6758-413: The beginning of Rotary as an international organization. On 22 February 1911, the first meeting of the Rotary Club Dublin was held in Dublin, Ireland. This was the first club established outside of North America. In April 1912, the Winnipeg club was chartered, marking the first official establishment of an American-style service club outside the United States. To reflect the addition of a club outside of

6867-597: The cause. As of 2006 , Rotary had more than 1.4 million members in over 36,000 clubs among 200 countries and geographical areas, making it the most widespread by branches and second largest service club by membership, behind Lions Clubs International . The number of Rotarians has slightly declined in recent years: Between 2002 and 2006, they went from 1,245,000 to 1,223,000 members. North America accounts for 450,000 members, Asia for 300,000, Europe for 250,000, Latin America for 100,000, Oceania for 100,000 and Africa for 30,000. In order to carry out its service programs, Rotary

6976-544: The club is the Club Board (sometimes called Club Council), consisting of the club president (who serves as the Board chairman), a president-elect, club secretary, club treasurer, and several Club Board directors, including the immediate past president and the President Elect. The president usually appoints the directors to serve as chairs of the major club committees, including those responsible for club service, vocational service, community service, youth service, and international service. Rotarians may attend any Rotary club around

7085-488: The clubs meeting in the annual RI District Conference held each year. The DG appoints Assistant Governors (AGs) from among the Rotarians of the district to assist in the management of Rotary activity and multi-club projects in the district. AGs act as liaisons between the DG and the clubs, to make communication flow more smoothly throughout the District. As part of a DG's duties, they must visit every club in their District at least once during their year as DG in order to spread

7194-415: The company of his family and friends. Cuprill and Lidia traveled extensively throughout the North American Continent, Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Cuprill had a special retreat called "Monticello" in the majestic mountains of Puerto Rico, where he enjoyed spending time with friends and family. He was an avid world traveler with his wife, Lidia. Charles Cuprill Oppenheimer

7303-452: The convention for the term of two consecutive years. Rotary International is governed by a board of directors composed of the international president, the president-elect, the general secretary, and 17 zone directors. The nomination and the election of each president is handled in the one- to three-year period before the president takes office, and is based on requirements including geographical balance among Rotary zones and previous service as

7412-434: The course is mandatory (in the past, Ranger School was offered as an alternative to select cadets). During MSIII year and continuing through Advanced Camp, cadets are introduced to the Leadership Development Program (LDP). The LDP is a structured set of rotations where MSIII cadets are assigned to specific roles in an organization consisting of companies, platoons and squads. Some of the roles traditionally filled are that of

7521-507: The decision to the U.S. Supreme Court . The RI attorney argued that "... [the decision] threatens to force us to take in everyone, like a motel". The Duarte Club was not alone in opposing RI leadership; the Seattle -International District club unanimously voted to admit women in 1986. The United States Supreme Court, on 4 May 1987, confirmed the Californian decision supporting women, in the case Board of Directors, Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte . Rotary International then removed

7630-442: The eradication effort. In 2008, Rotary received a $ 100 million challenge grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation . Rotary committed to raising $ 100 million. In January 2009, Bill Gates announced a second challenge grant of $ 255 million. Rotary again committed to raising another $ 100 million. In total, Rotary will raise $ 200 million by 30 June 2012. Together, the Gates Foundation and Rotary have committed $ 555 million toward

7739-428: The eradication of polio. At the time of the second challenge grant, Bill Gates said: We know that it's a formidable challenge to eradicate a disease that has killed and crippled children since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. We don't know exactly when the last child will be affected. But we do have the vaccines to wipe it out. Countries do have the will to deploy all the tools at their disposal. If we all have

7848-426: The family of Rotary. A Rotaract club may, but is not required to, establish upper age limits, provided that the club (in accordance with its bylaws) obtain the concurrence of its members. A District Governor (DG), who is an officer of Rotary International and represents the RI board of directors in the field, leads their respective Rotary district. Each DG is nominated by the clubs of their district, and elected by all

7957-420: The fortitude to see this effort through to the end, then we will eradicate polio. There has been some limited criticism concerning the program for polio eradication. There are some reservations regarding the adaptation capabilities of the virus in some of the oral vaccines, which have been reported to cause infection in populations with low vaccination coverage. As stated by Vaccine Alliance, however, in spite of

8066-581: The gender requirements from its requirements for club charters, and most clubs in most countries have opted to include women as members of Rotary Clubs. The first female club president to be elected was Sylvia Whitlock of the Rotary Club of Duarte, California in 1987. By 2007, there was a female trustee of Rotary's charitable wing The Rotary Foundation while female district governors and club presidents were common. Women currently account for 22% of international Rotary membership. In 2013, Anne L. Matthews,

8175-465: The health of mothers and children, water and sanitation, education, economic development, and supporting the environment. The most notable current global project, PolioPlus, is contributing to the global eradication of polio . Sergio Mulitsch di Palmenberg (1923–1987), Governor of RI District 204 (1984–1985), founder of the RC of Treviglio and Pianura Bergamasca (Italy), was the man who inspired and promoted

8284-535: The legal community and known for his appellate work in property and administrative law. He was instrumental and influential in setting landmark jurisprudence with the Puerto Rico Supreme Court in a multitude of cases argued before both the Puerto Rico Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court. He earned his bachelor's in political science from the University of Puerto Rico in 1940 and his Juris Doctor from

8393-963: The limited risk of polio vaccination, it would neither be prudent nor practicable to cease the vaccination program until there is strong evidence that "all wild poliovirus transmission [has been] stopped". In a 2006 speech at the Rotary International Convention, held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen , Bruce Cohick stated that polio in all its known wild forms would be eliminated by late 2008, provided efforts in Nigeria , Afghanistan , Pakistan , and India all proceed with their current momentum. As of October 2012, Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan still had wild polio, but it had been eliminated in India. In 2014, polio survivor and Rotarian Ramesh Ferris met with

8502-439: The local district, and occasionally a special project in a "sister club" in another nation. Most clubs also hold social events at least quarterly and in some cases more often. Each club elects its own president and officers among its active members for a one-year term. The clubs enjoy considerable autonomy within the framework of the standard constitution and the constitution and bylaws of Rotary International. The governing body of

8611-405: The military, and other famous figures. However, as each club may establish different rules for honorary members, there will be some variation in terms of selection and privileges of honorary members. A recent Rotary 3191 District in India appointed global health physician Dr. Edmond Fernandes as Honorary Member for outstanding public health service to India and around the world. From 1905 until

8720-569: The minimum physical standards, a candidate must pass the APFT as well as the height and weight measures. Additionally, the results of the Combat Water Survival Test are required. All training is conducted on the U.S. Army installation of Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri. On graduation, successful students will be awarded the sapper tab . For ROTC Cadets, participation in the Robin Sage exercise is

8829-489: The monthly magazine The Rotarian was published mere floors below by Atwell Printing and Binding Company. By 1925, Rotary had grown to 200 clubs with more than 20,000 members. During the 1930s there was an expanding conflict in Asia between Japan and China and the fear of a confrontation between Japan and the United States. In hopes of helping resolve these issues, a leading Japanese international statesman, Prince Iyesato Tokugawa ,

8938-448: The more prominent skills taught in this environment. The exercise encompasses 20 days of training. For ROTC Cadets, selection for training is dependent upon performance academically, and physically. The training is conducted in the civilian areas around Ft Bragg, North Carolina. During training, the 15 counties in central North Carolina are used to represent the independent state of Pineland. For ROTC candidates, no awards are received as this

9047-476: The national ROTC scholarship selection board which convenes on three different dates that vary slightly each school year. ROTC scholarships for those already attending college will cover the remaining years of their college. The Army ROTC scholarship entitles its recipients to full-tuition assistance, as well as a textbook/fee allowance and a monthly stipend to cover the student's living expenses. Typically, cadets receive tuition assistance. However, they also have

9156-534: The opportunity to train in guerilla tactics with Special Forces candidates conducting the exercise. During the training, cadets act as a guerrilla force in Pineland, a fictional independent state which has been invaded, who are trained by special forces candidates. The training opportunity covers a variety of battle drills all focused around fieldcraft for small units. Some general items such as operations planning, medical procedures, troop movements and demolitions are among

9265-546: The option to apply the scholarship to their 'room and board' expenses instead of school tuition. The Simultaneous Membership Program (SMP) is an alternative route to receive military scholarship benefits. The program requires cadets to enlist in a reserve unit (Army Reserve or National Guard) while enrolled in ROTC. ECP cadets are required to enlist in the Army Reserves or the Army National Guard during their two years at

9374-508: The organization could not allow racial restrictions to the organization's growth. In Rotary's legislative deliberations in June 1921, it was formally determined that racial restrictions would not be permitted. Non-racialism was included in the terms of the standard constitution in 1922 and required to be adopted by all member Clubs. Rotary and other service clubs in the last decade of the 20th century became open to gay members. Rotary Clubs sponsor

9483-663: The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War . Clubs were disbanded across Europe as follows: Rotary International has worked with the UN since the UN started in 1945. At that time Rotary was involved in 65 countries. The two organizations shared ideals around promoting peace. Rotary received consultative status at the UN in 1946–47. During the Third Reich, Rotary Clubs were grouped with Freemasonry as secret societies associated with Jews, and Nazi officials were banned from joining them. This

9592-411: The payment of admission fees and dues. They have no voting privileges and are not eligible to hold any office in their club. Honorary membership is time-limited and terminates automatically at the end of the term, usually one year. It may be extended for an additional period or may also be revoked at any time. Examples of honorary members are heads of state or former heads of state, scientists, members of

9701-405: The prominent Central Mercedita sugar cane plantation refinery and Don Q rum distillery. Cuprill and Lidia were married for over 60 years and had three children: Charles Alfred, Hector Rambel, and Raymond Warren. Cuprill loved spending time with his six grandchildren, Marilu, Natalie, Hector, Mercedes, Charles, and Diana, as well as his many great-grandchildren. He enjoyed the simple things in life and

9810-506: The relaxation of government control of community groups in Russia and former Soviet satellite nations, Rotarians were welcomed as club organizers, and clubs were formed in those countries, beginning with the Moscow club in 1990. In 1985, Rotary launched its PolioPlus program to immunize all of the world's children against polio. As of 2011, Rotary had contributed more than 900 million US dollars to

9919-483: The reserve component (Army Reserve or Army National Guard), they are responsible for locating a unit with which to serve. Cadets selected for active duty (Regular Army) are notified of their first duty assignment in the spring semester, typically in early April. Throughout their senior year, MSIV cadets are assigned cadet battalion staff positions and are responsible for evaluating MS III cadets, planning and coordinating training operations and missions. The primary purpose of

10028-485: The school president, certain university officials and representatives of veterans' societies, parents and relatives. ROTC is composed of eight brigades which command 273 ROTC units, referred to as battalions (though these units are typically much smaller than regular army battalions). The brigades command ROTC units throughout different regions of the country: The commander of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps

10137-480: The school year. Cadets are typically (situation may vary in military colleges) mandated to wear military uniforms to college classes one day per week, take military science classes as one of their regular course requirements, attend physical fitness training during the week and participate in field training exercises on some weekends. The summers following Cadets' sophomore and junior years typically involve training courses at Fort Knox or other military installations, at

10246-655: The second Rotarian motto in 2004, from "He profits most who serves best" to "They profit most who serve best", 99 years after its foundation, illustrates the move to general acceptance of women members in Rotary. The first Rotary Clubs in Asia were in Manila in the Philippines and Shanghai in China, each in July 1919. Rotary's office in Illinois immediately began encouraging the Rotary Club of Shanghai to recruit Chinese members "believing that when

10355-420: The standards for their age and sex. Each program may further make its own standards. For example, a program may set a standard of scoring no less than 70% (10% more than the Army requires) in each category. Failure to reach the program standard may require increased physical fitness training on otherwise days of rest (commonly known as "incentive” or “remedial” PT). Physical fitness is also a graded component of

10464-496: The student enlists in the United States Army Reserve Control Group (ROTC) as a cadet and elects to serve on either active duty or in a reserve component ( Army National Guard or Army Reserve ). The following is an outline of a general military science program. A candidate for freshman and sophomore level ROTC training must: A student who does not meet all of the above requirements should consult with

10573-434: The summer between their first and second years in the Advanced Course (junior and senior year of college). At Advanced Camp, cadets take on various leadership roles and are evaluated on their performance and leadership abilities in those positions. Cadets also participate in adventure training to include: confidence and obstacle courses, rappelling, water safety, weapons firing and patrolling. While at Advanced Camp, cadets take

10682-568: The theoretical question when in 1976, the Rotary Club of Duarte, California , admitted three women as members. After the club refused to remove the women from membership, Rotary International revoked the club's charter in 1978. The Duarte club filed suit in the California courts, claiming that Rotary Clubs are business establishments subject to regulation under California's Unruh Civil Rights Act , which bans discrimination based on race, gender, religion or ethnic origin. Rotary International then appealed

10791-484: The week and run for approximately two hours. Physical fitness training builds physical conditioning, teamwork, and self-confidence. Physical fitness training sessions are typically scheduled for approximately one-hour and the intensity, time and type of exercises varies. All ROTC Cadets must pass the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) with at least the minimum (60 points) in each of the six exercises according to

10900-429: The wider world. Many projects are organised for the local community by a single club, but some are organised globally. Clubs may award honorary membership in recognition of a person's distinguished efforts in furtherance of Rotary ideals or otherwise in support of Rotary's cause. As the highest distinction a Rotary club can confer on an individual, it is exercised only in exceptional cases. Honorary members are exempt from

11009-498: The world at one of their weekly meetings. Rotaract: It is an organization of young adults (university age and young professionals) who take action through community and international service, learn leadership skills, and participate in professional development. Rotaract clubs are either community or university based. "Rotaract" stands for "Rotary in Action", and its motto is "Self Development – Fellowship through Service". Rotaract began as

11118-599: Was a veteran of both World War II and the Korean War. In 1940, he enrolled in the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program and graduated. He took a temporary leave of absence from attending the University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 1941-1942 when he was asked to serve in the United States Army during World War II as a 2nd lieutenant in Company "L" of the 65th Infantry Regiment. After World War II ended, he

11227-549: Was also Zimbabwe's Country Coordinator (2009–10). Stella, who is a Master PRLS 5 Graduate has been recognised and awarded various District awards including Most Able President for year 2005–06 and Assistant Governor of the year 2006–07 and a Paul Harris Fellow. The first female to be President of Rotary International will be Jennifer E. Jones of the Windsor Roseland Rotary Club in Windsor, Ontario Canada. The change of

11336-457: Was changed to Cadet Leadership Camp (CLC). During the time it was called CLC, all the graded portions of were taken out and the 4 week period was pass/no pass. In 2016 a new commanding general took over Cadet Command, on his first day CLC became Advanced Camp and in 2017 the old style of graded events will be brought back. This includes a graded PT test, graded rifle qualification and graded training lanes. Typically, cadets attend Advanced Camp during

11445-744: Was chosen as the Honorary Keynote Speaker at Rotary's 25th Anniversary Convention held in 1930 in Chicago. Prince Tokugawa held the position of president of Japan's upper house of congress, the National Diet , for 30 years. Tokugawa promoted democratic principles and international goodwill. It was only after his death in 1940 that Japanese militants were able to push Japan into joining the Axis Powers in WWII. Rotary Clubs in Spain ceased to operate shortly after

11554-467: Was honorably discharged from active duty military service in 1946 with the rank of major, at the age of 30, to resume the pursuit of a Juris Doctor degree and a law career. In 1950-1953, Cuprill Oppenheimer was ordered to return to military active duty with the Puerto Rico National Guard during the Korean War , which interrupted his law practice once again. During the war, he commanded the 3rd Battalion of

11663-651: Was one of the founders of the Gamma-Boriquen chapter of Fi Sigma Alpha fraternity. Rotary International was the most important part of his life. Initially joining the Ponce Rotary Club, he was later co-founder and first President of the El Vigia Rotary Rotary Club. One of the highlights of his life was being selected as Rotary Governor for the Puerto Rico District. He also often participated in

11772-784: Was proud to have founded the Ponce Chapter of the Military Order of the World Wars (MOWW) along with his son Hector, of which both are life members. He was also actively involved in many other military organizations, such as the Reserve Officers Association (ROA). Cuprill Oppenheimer was admitted to practice law in Puerto Rico in 1947 by the Puerto Rico Supreme Court. At the time, the bar examination and admission process required an extensive oral examination administered by each individual Puerto Rico Supreme Court Justice. Upon passing

11881-503: Was reversed in July 1933 after appeals but the club was forced to ban all Jews from membership. This led to several non-Jews quitting in solidarity. In order to survive, the members tried to show their loyalty to the Nazi leadership, inviting government officials and high-standing businesspeople. These included Hermann Schlosser, a business manager for Degesch – which supplied Zyklon B for use at death camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau. After 1945,

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