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27-647: Chane may refer to: Chané , an indigenous people of South America Chané language , an extinct Amerindian Chañe , a municipality in Spain Chane, Bhiwandi , a village in Bhiwandi taluka , India Chane (mayfly) , a genus of insects Chane Behanan , American basketball player John Bryson Chane , American bishop See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Chane Chanes (disambiguation) Chain (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

54-644: A day. The plants would help turn a deficit of gas into a “surplus”. In July 2004, the people voted in a nationwide referendum to allow for regulated exportation of the gas. The department also hosts El Mutún , the world's second largest iron ore reserve (after Carajás in Brazil) and largest magnesium deposits are also located there. Located in the Germán Busch Province in the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia, near Puerto Suárez, El Mutún extends across

81-444: A few days at a time and the beautiful, sub-tropical Santa Cruz is pleasant throughout most of the year. Here the climate varies by geographical zone: temperate to cold in the western sierras and warm to hot and humid as one descends into the extensive plains. The department of Santa Cruz regularly experiences devastating forest fires, often started by landowners who want to burn forests to create new agricultural land. This practice puts

108-571: A great strain on the rich biodiversity of the country. The Department of Santa Cruz is divided into 15 provinces. During the later stages of the Chaco war between Paraguay and Bolivia, as the Paraguayan army approached Santa Cruz department, local nationalists backed by a Paraguay-based independence movement sought to create a separate independent state in Santa Cruz department. A referendum on autonomy

135-472: A quarter are so-called "Russian" Mennonites (see Mennonites in Bolivia ) of German tradition, language and descent. At 416 meters above sea level, it is warm and tropical most of the year. Winters are short and last only 2–3 months but can get very cold very suddenly. "Surazos" (southerly winds that blow in from Argentina) can drop the temperature by as much as 30 degrees overnight. This extreme cold lasts only

162-529: A year. In recent years, the discovery of natural gas in the department has led to plans for the development of a regional natural gas industry that is likely to boost the local economy. Bolivia's energy minister said two proposed liquefied petroleum gas plants may allow the country to boost supplies to Brazil and Argentina by 2010, easing a shortage of the fuel after a lack of investment reduced output. The processing plants would be built in Santa Cruz and each would produce about 200 tons of liquefied petroleum gas

189-891: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Chan%C3%A9 Most of the historical Chané were subjects of and absorbed by the Eastern Bolivian Guarani , commonly called Chiriguanos, while the Guaná were subjects of the Mbayá , a Guaycuruan speaking people. The Chané, together with other Arawak groups, are believed to have originated in northeastern South America, but to have spread southward about 2,500 years ago. They developed an agrarian culture, built densely populated villages, cultivated corn, peanuts, cotton and squash, and are famous for their ceramics and graphics which have been found mainly in

216-579: Is the largest of the Bolivian departments and covers a wide and diverse area. In the west lies a series of temperate Sub-Andean ranges and valleys while to the north and south lies two different lowlands areas; the Beni and Chaco lowlands respectively. To the northeast lies the flat Llanos Chiquitanos areas and beyond these the Serranías Chiquitanas ranges. In the far east the departments have small parts of

243-494: The US state of Montana . It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south. In the 2024 census, it reported a population of 3,115,386 , making it the most populated department. The capital is the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra . The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced

270-801: The Andes and with other Arawak-speaking groups to the north and east. Chanés and Incas established a truce to join forces against the Eastern Guarani peoples of the Andes foothills, who the Incas and Spaniards called Chiriguanos . The Chiriguanos raided the Chané homeland on a regular basis, and prior to the Spanish conquest, the Chiriguanos defeated the Chanés and halted the Inca advance into

297-798: The Guaná had broken their relationship with the Mbayá and were living in the area of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil. The largest sub-tribe of the Guaná was the Tereno who numbered 3 to 4 thousand at the time. In 2001, they were called the Terêna, and 16,000 if them were living in the same area. There are some Chané communities still living in the Izozog region in Santa Cruz, Bolivia , and in Yacui and Che-Renda near Tartagal, Argentina . In both cases, they have been influenced by

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324-602: The Guaná lived in seven large villages of 1,000 or more people on the western side of the Paraguay River between 19 and 22 south latitudes. Later in the 18th century, some of them migrated along with the Mbayá east of the Paraguay River. They were estimated, perhaps generously, in the early 18th century to have numbered 18,000 to 30,000. In 1793 they numbered about 8,200. The Guaná provided Mbayá chiefs with labor, agricultural products, textiles, and wives and in exchange were given protection and European goods such as iron tools by

351-600: The Guaraní language and culture, but still retain their Chane identity. The other descendants of the Chane culture were first mixed with the Guaranis, later with the Spaniards, and in the last two centuries with migration flows of other Europeans, Arabs, and migrants from other parts of Bolivia and Argentina. The Chane culture is an important heritage component of the populations of Santa Cruz,

378-522: The Mbayá. The cultures of the Guaná and Mbayá slowly became more similar as the Mbayá adopted agriculture and weaving and the Guaná became equestrian. The Mbayá augmented their numbers, strictly limited by late marriages and abortion , by intermarriage with Guaná and captive women of other ethnic groups. Spanish chroniclers describe the Guaná as docile. The Mbayá, arrogant and ethnocentric, were described by Spanish chroniclers as surprisingly benign and respectful in dealing with their Guaná subjects. By 1850

405-552: The Paraguay not part of the Brazilian border. The main lakes by their area within the department: The department of Santa Cruz is one of the Bolivian departments with the least indigenous population, and the one with the greatest mestizo and Creole identity. The first settlers of Santa Cruz were mainly Spaniards that accompanied Ñuflo de Chávez, as well as Guarani , and some Flemings , Portuguese , Germans and Italians working for

432-538: The Paraguayan Chaco, Salta Province , Jujuy Province and the Argentine Chaco. Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) Santa Cruz ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus] ) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia , occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or

459-566: The Spanish crown. Among the first settlers there were also Sephardic Jews recently converted to Christianity who were persecuted by the Inquisition in Spain. Santa Cruz has a multicultural population: 57% are Mestizos with both Indigenous Amazonian and European ascendants, 30% are Natives ( Chiquitano , Chane , Ayoreo , as well as Quechua and Aymara internal migrants from other departments.) and 13% are Whites of European descent , of whom about

486-559: The border into Brazil, where it is called the Serrania de Jacadigo. Also known as the "Serrania Mutún", it has an area of about 75 square kilometers. Its estimated reserves are about 40.205 billion tons of iron ore of 50% iron, mainly in hematite and magnetite form, and in lesser quantities in siderite and manganese minerals. This can be compared with an estimate of the total world reserves of iron ore: 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. Santa Cruz Department

513-516: The highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America. According to the current Constitution , the highest authority in the department lies with the governor . The former figure of prefect was appointed by the President of the Republic till 2005, when the prefect for the first time was elected by popular vote to serve for a five-year term. In 2010 the first governor

540-738: The huge Pantanal wetland. The rivers of Santa Cruz are part of any of two basins: the Amazon Basin (north) and the Plate Basin (south). The main rivers in the northern basin are river Iténez , making the border with Brazil, Río Grande , river Piraí and river Itonomas . In the southern basin, the main rivers are river Paraguay and its tributaries, including river Negro . The main lakes are lake Mandioré , Uberaba, lake La Gaiba , Laguna de Marfil , Concepción and lake San Jorge . The rivers by length within Santa Cruz: 8 out of 48 km of

567-402: The independence of both Argentina and Bolivia. The Guaná, (also called Layaná) are the eastern branch of the Chané. They were vassals of the Mbayá , a relationship that, according to Spanish accounts, existed in 1548, and possibly much earlier. The Guaná were agricultural and pedestrian as opposed to the nomadic Mbayá who became equestrians by the early 17th century. In the early 18th century

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594-531: The pampas of Bolivia surrounding the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and in Samaipata , Portachuelo , Valle Abajo, Okinawa, Cotoca , El Pari, Mataral and Warnes. They also craft wooden masks and fabric clothing. An ancient Chané religious site dating from about 300 CE is El Fuerte de Samaipata , now a UNESCO World Heritage Site . They were a rather peaceful culture and traded with the Quechua -speaking Incas in

621-474: The plains and valleys of what is now the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia . Some Chane were forced into slavery by the Chiriguanos, others migrated to less fertile regions to the southeast. Many Chané women were taken as wives by Chiriguano men, thus starting a process of assimilation. Both Guaraní and Guaraní -speaking Chané also assimilated and mixed with Europeans during the colonial period and after

648-445: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chane . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chane&oldid=998071312 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

675-488: The state legislative branch. The department covers a vast expanse of territory in eastern Bolivia, much of it rainforests , extending from the Andes to the border with Brazil . The department's economy depends largely on agriculture , with sugar , cotton , soybeans and rice being grown. The amount of land cultivated by modern farming techniques is increasing rapidly in the Santa Cruz area, where weather allows for two crops

702-444: Was elected according to the implementation of autonomy after a struggle for almost a decade by the people of Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz also has a Departmental Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), which derives but differs from the previous Departmental Council (Consejo Departamental). It is a state legislature with limited legislation powers, being able to make laws in certain subjects in exclusivity and in some others in concurrence with

729-525: Was held in Santa Cruz department in 2008 . Eastern departments in Bolivia, including Santa Cruz, have majority of the natural gas reserves. Bolivian president Evo Morales was planning to introduce legislation to tackle the poverty in the country using tax revenues from richer departments like Santa Cruz. Additionally, Morales's attempts to change the constitution were opposed by the opposition governors who run five of Bolivia's nine regions. 85.6 percent voted in favour of autonomy. The Bolivian government considered

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