59-608: Traditional Champapuri , Champa Nagri or Champanagar is a neighbourhood in Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar . It is the site of the ancient city of Champa, the capital of the Anga Mahajanapada . It is also the main centre of capital of cultural region of Anga . Champapuri is claimed to be the only place where all the five kalyanas- garbha, janma, diksha, kevalagnana and moksha kalyana of Bhagwan Vasupujya took place. It
118-485: A muster of storks and a phalanx of storks. Storks tend to use soaring , gliding flight, which conserves energy. Soaring requires thermal air currents. Ottomar Anschütz 's famous 1884 album of photographs of storks inspired the design of Otto Lilienthal 's experimental gliders of the late nineteenth century. Storks are heavy, with wide wingspans : the marabou stork , with a wingspan of 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) and weight up to 8 kg (18 lb), joins
177-486: A farmer's field, with the moral that those who associate with wicked people can be held accountable for their crimes. The Fox and the Stork involves a fox who invites a stork for dinner and provides soup in a dish that the stork cannot drink from, and is in turn invited for dinner by the stork and given food in a narrow jug which he cannot access. It cautions readers to follow the principle of do no harm . The third fable involves
236-499: A goddess. In the period from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century, many works based on this story were made. The religious purpose of these works was to render the importance of goddess Manasa , but these works are more known for the pious love of Behula and her husband Lakhander (Lakhindar or Lakshinder). This is the story of Bihula-Bishhari from Champa, the capital of Anga , presently Champapuri in Bhagalpur district. However, this
295-472: A group of frogs that are dissatisfied with the king that Zeus has given them, an inanimate log, and who are then punished with a new King Stork (a water-snake in some versions) who eats the frogs. King Stork has subsequently entered the English language as a term for a particularly tyrannical ruler. According to European folklore, the white stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend
354-521: A holy garden Purnabhadra Chaitya was situated to the north-east of this ancient city. When Mahavira visited Champa he is said to have lodged at this chaitya. Many Jain ascetics, like Muni Dharmaghosh, Muni Padmarath, Ashok and Anchal, attained salvation there, as it was a Siddhakshetra An ancient temple of Champanala is seen at this place. The ancient city had an occupation of the Northern Black Polished Ware culture (700-200 BCE), with
413-500: A range of reptiles, small mammals, insects, fish, amphibians and other small invertebrates. Storks usually hunt for animals in shallow water. Any plant material consumed is usually by accident. Mycteria storks are specialists in feeding on aquatic vertebrates, particularly when prey is concentrated by lowering water levels or flooding into shallows. On marine mudflats and mangrove swamps in Sumatra , milky storks feed on mudskippers , probing
472-635: A silk cotton tree near a village in the Ganga -Diara area in Bhagalpur in 2007. In May 2006, 42 birds were seen by the Mandar Nature Club team for the first time. Prior to this, the species had never been seen in Bihar during its breeding period. Four years after these endangered birds of the stork family started nesting and breeding in Bhagalpur district, their number eventually increased, from 78 to over 500, making Bhagalpur one of only three places to host Garudas;
531-415: A surrounding fortification and moat. It was a notable centre of trade and commerce. In 2014, the tallest statue of Bhagawan Vasupujya was built and donated by Smt Sona Devi Sethi Charitable Trust based at Dimapur, Nagaland. The statue is 31 feet in height and the stone for the statue was brought all the way for Karnataka. Bhagalpur Champapuri Bhagalpur , historically known as Champa Nagri ,
590-435: A very diverse diet when living on human modified habitats such as agricultural landscapes. The foraging method used by the generalists is to stalk or walk across grassland or shallow water, watching for prey. Storks range from being solitary breeders through loose breeding associations to fully colonial . The jabiru, Ephippiorhynchus storks and several species of Ciconia are entirely solitary when breeding. In contrast
649-888: Is a city in the Indian state of Bihar , situated on the southern bank of the Ganges river . It is the third largest city of Bihar by population and also serves the headquarters of Bhagalpur district , Bhagalpur division , and Eastern Range . It is known as the Silk City and also listed for development under the Smart Cities Mission by Government of India . It is the only district in Bihar after capital city Patna where three major higher educational institutions IIIT Bhagalpur , Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College , TMBU , and Agriculture University (BAU) are located and also Vikramshila Central University
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#1732847960404708-598: Is another migrant, albeit one that migrates within the tropics. It breeds in northern Africa, from Senegal to the Red Sea, during the wet season, and then migrates to Southern Africa. Many species that are not regular migrants will still make smaller movements if circumstances require it; others may migrate over part of their range. This can also include regular commutes from nesting sites to feeding areas. Wood storks have been observed feeding 130 km (80 mi) from their breeding colony. Storks are carnivorous predators, taking
767-605: Is found in Australasia. Storks are more diverse and common in the tropics, and the species that live in temperate climates for the most part migrate to avoid the worst of winter. They are fairly diverse in their habitat requirements. Some species, particularly the Mycteria "wood storks" and Anastomus openbills, are highly dependent on water and aquatic prey, but many other species are far less dependent on this habitat type, although they will frequently make use of it. Species like
826-607: Is named after the Arabic word for holy man, murābiṭ , due to the perceived holy nature of the species. The adjutants are named after the military rank , referring to their stiff, military-like gait. A DNA study found that the families Ardeidae , Balaenicipitidae , Scopidae and the Threskiornithidae belong to the Pelecaniformes . This would make Ciconiidae the only group. Storks were distinct and possibly widespread by
885-478: Is not just a mythological story, the evidence of the metal house created by Vishvakarma on order of Chand Sadagar for Behula and her husband Lakhander to protect from Mansa is still been seen and reported when there is heavy rain in the region. Spread over three acres Budhanath Temple is located on the banks of the Uttarvahini Ganga (flowing from south to north) River. Being one of the oldest temples in
944-482: Is quite ancient (about 2500 years). This temple being symbolic of 'Panch Kalyanaka' is adorned with 5 altars, magnificent spire and 2 columns of fame. It is said that there were 4 'Columns of Fame (Keerti Stambha)’ which existed in four corners of the campus of the temple. Later on the 2 out of 4 were destroyed in the earthquake of year 1934 & repair (Jirnoddhar) of other 2 columns was done in 1938. The 'Columns of Fame' are about 2200 years ancient. Founded in 1577 AD,
1003-413: Is said that Bhagawan Adinatha , Bhagwan Parshwanatha and Bhagawan Mahavira had their monsoon stay at this place. Bhagawan Mahavira had his third and twelfth monsoon stay at this place. There is an idol of Bhagavan at the temple. An ancient temple of Champanala is seen at this place. Champapuri is also believed to be birthplace of Vasupujya , the twelfth tirthankara. Teerthankara Adinath divided
1062-471: Is said that they are exempted from appearing in a court of law. The Mosque was built by Aurangzeb and was frequently visited by him. Every Thursday, visitors assemble at the place to be blessed. Most of the visitors are said to be from the eastern parts of India and Bangladesh. There is a belief that the water in a pond here has medicinal qualities that can cure illness and snake bites. Archeological Survey of India has discovered some ancient manuscripts from
1121-437: Is sometimes reported that storks lack syrinxes and are mute, they do have syrinxes, and are capable of making some sounds, although they do not do so often. The syrinxes of storks are "variably degenerate" however, and the syringeal membranes of some species are found between tracheal rings or cartilage, an unusual arrangement shared with the ovenbirds . Storks have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution , being absent from
1180-504: Is superficially similar to the herons, with long legs and necks, but they are more heavy-set. There is some sexual dimorphism (differences between males and females) in size, with males being up to 15% bigger than females in some species (for example the saddle-billed stork), but almost no difference in appearance. The only difference is in the colour of the iris of the two species in the genus Ephippiorhynchus . The bills of storks are large to very large, and vary considerably between
1239-404: Is the 3rd largest city in Bihar in terms of urban population. The total population in the age group of 0 to 6 years is 55,898. The total number of literates are 286,125, with 160,720 males and 125,405 females. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population is 80.76%, of which while the male literacy rate is 84.95% with women at 75.95%. Kali Puja is one of the most important festivals in and around
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#17328479604041298-676: Is under construction next to the ruins of the medieval Vikramshila Mahavihara . Bhagalpur Railway Station serves the city. The river around city is home to the Gangetic dolphin , the National Aquatic Animal of India , and the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is established near the town. The city holds the largest Manasa Puja and one of the largest processions in Kali Puja, an intangible cultural heritage of
1357-451: Is very ancient, but was popularised by an 1839 Hans Christian Andersen story called "The Storks". German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or "stork stones". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for
1416-527: The Ancient Greek word pelargos for stork, required citizens to take care of their aged parents. The Greeks also held that killing a stork could be punished with death. Storks feature in several of Aesop's Fables, most notably in The Farmer and the Stork , The Fox and the Stork , and The Frogs Who Desired a King . The first fable involves a stork who is caught with a group of cranes who are eating grain in
1475-682: The Andean condor in having the widest wingspan of all living land birds. Their nests are often very large and may be used for many years. Some nests have been known to grow to over 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in diameter and about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in depth. All storks were once thought to be monogamous , but this is only partially true. While storks are generally socially monogamous, some species exhibit regular extra-pair breeding. Popular conceptions of storks' fidelity, serial monogamy , and doting parental care contribute to their prominence in mythology and culture, especially in western folklore as
1534-477: The Mycteria storks have sensitive tips that allow them to detect prey by touch (tactilocation) where cloudy conditions would not allow them to see it. The most specialised bills of any storks are those of the two openbills ( Anastomus ), which as their name suggests, is open in the middle when their bill is closed. These bills have evolved to help openbills feed on their primary prey item, aquatic snails. Although it
1593-444: The Mycteria storks, Abdim's stork, openbills and Leptoptilos storks breed in colonies which can range from a couple of pairs to thousands. Many of these species breed in colonies with other waterbirds, which can include other species of storks, herons and egrets, pelicans, cormorants and ibises. White storks, Oriental storks and Maguari storks are all loosely colonial, and may breed in nests that are within visual range of others of
1652-733: The Oligocene . Like most families of aquatic birds, storks seem to have arisen in the Palaeogene , maybe 40–50 million years ago (mya). For the fossil record of living genera, documented since the Middle Miocene (about 15 mya) at least in some cases, see the genus articles. No species or subspecies of stork is known to have gone extinct in historic times. A systematic literature review uncovered nearly 1,000 papers on storks, but showed most stork species to lack scientific understanding suggesting that many species should be classified as Data Deficient on
1711-410: The family Ciconiidae , and make up the order Ciconiiformes / s ɪ ˈ k oʊ n i . ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibises , but those families have been moved to other orders. Storks dwell in many regions and tend to live in drier habitats than the closely related herons , spoonbills and ibises ; they also lack
1770-476: The marabou and Abdim's stork will frequently be found foraging in open grasslands of savannah. Preferred habitats include flooded grasslands, light woodland, marshes and paddyfields, wet meadows , river backwaters and ponds. Many species will select shallow pools, particularly when lakes or rivers are drying out, as they concentrate prey and make it harder for prey to escape, or when monsoonal rainfall increases water depth of larger waterbodies. Some species like
1829-402: The powder down that those groups use to clean off fish slime. Bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Many species are migratory . Most storks eat frogs , fish , insects , earthworms , small birds and small mammals . There are 20 living species of storks in six genera . Various terms are used to refer to groups of storks, two frequently used ones being
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1888-1625: The IUCN Red List. A Ciconia bone found in a rock shelter on the island of Réunion was probably of a bird taken there as food by early settlers; no known account mentions the presence of storks on the Mascarene Islands . The following phylogeny is recognized by the International Ornithological Congress, partially based on de Sousa et al (2023): African openbill ( Anastomus lamelligerus ) Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans ) Marabou stork ( Leptoptilos crumenifer ) Lesser adjutant ( Leptoptilos javanicus ) Greater adjutant ( Leptoptilos dubius ) Wood stork ( Mycteria americana ) Yellow-billed stork ( Mycteria ibis ) Painted stork ( Mycteria leucocephala ) Milky stork ( Mycteria cinerea ) Jabiru ( Jabiru mycteria ) Saddle-billed stork ( Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis ) Black-necked stork ( Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus ) Abdim's stork ( Ciconia abdimii ) Asian woolly-necked stork ( Ciconia episcopus ) Storm's stork ( Ciconia stormi ) Black stork ( Ciconia nigra ) Maguari stork ( Ciconia maguari ) African woolly-necked stork ( Ciconia microscelis ) White stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) Oriental stork ( Ciconia boyciana ) The fossil genera Eociconia (Middle Eocene of China) and Ciconiopsis (Deseado Early Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina) are often tentatively placed with this family. A "ciconiiform" fossil fragment from
1947-596: The Khanqah-e-Shahbazia is one of the most revered shrines of Bhagalpur. It houses the grave of Maulana Shahbaz, a saint whose 13th-generation descendants still run the place. Maulana Shahbaz Rahmatullah is considered one of the 40 Sufi saints sent to spread the message of Allah. The Sajjadah Nasheen (direct descendant of the saint) is supposed to spend his life within the confines of the Khanqah and take care of its management, lead prayers and offer spiritual services. It
2006-544: The Shivalinga or Lingam . Champapur is an ancient and historic Teerth Kshetra of Jainism . It is the place where all the five Kalyanaks i.e., Garbha, Janam, Tapa, KevalGyan and Moksha Kalyanak of Bhagwan Vasupujya , the 12th Jain Teerthankar, have taken place. Champapur was the capital of Anga Janpada, one of the 52 Janapadas established by Adi Teerthankar Bhagwan Rishabh Deo. Champapur also existed as Mahajanapada among
2065-672: The Straits of Gibraltar or east across the Bosphorus and through Israel and the Sinai. Studies of young birds denied the chance to travel with others of their species have shown that these routes are at least partially learnt, rather than being innate as they are in passerine migrants. Migrating black storks are split between those that make stopovers on the migration between Europe and their wintering grounds in Africa, and those that do not. The Abdim's stork
2124-597: The Touro Passo Formation found at Arroio Touro Passo ( Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil ) might be of the living wood stork M. americana ; it is at most of Late Pleistocene age, a few 10,000s of years. Storks range in size from the marabou, which stands 152 cm (60 in) tall and can weigh 8.9 kg ( 19 + 1 ⁄ 2 lb), to the Abdim's stork, which is only 75 cm (30 in) high and weighs only 1.3 kg ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 lb). Their shape
2183-667: The Urdu The Inquilab and Taasir , while English Times of India , The Telegraph and Hindustan Times are also available. Broadcast media include All India Radio (Frequency 1458 kHz, 1206 kHz) 90.4 FM Radio Active (Bhagalpur), and AIR FM Rainbow India 100.1.M, sadhna plus news channel Telecommunications services include BSNL , Airtel , Vodafone Idea , Reliance Jio . Airtel , Jio , BSNL and Sify are providing broadband services in this region. Stork Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills . They belong to
2242-476: The absence of persecution several stork species breed close to people, and species such as the marabou, greater adjutant, and white stork feed at landfill sites. Storks vary in their tendency towards migration. Temperate species like the white stork, black stork and Oriental stork undertake long annual migrations in the winter. The routes taken by these species have developed to avoid long distance travel across water, and from Europe this usually means flying across
2301-433: The authority of Alexander of Myndus , noted in his De natura animalium (book 3, chapter 23) that aged storks flew away to oceanic islands where they were transformed into humans as a reward for their piety towards their parents. Storks were also thought to care for their aged parents, feeding them and even transporting them, and children's books depicted them as a model of filial values. A Greek law called Pelargonia , from
2360-690: The basement of Khanqah e Shahbazia. The Khanqah is also famous for its library, which has a vast collection of Arabic and Persian theological texts, including a copy of the Qur’an transcribed by Murshid Quli Khan , the Nawab of Murshidabad, Bengal. There are many rivers which cross the Bhagalpur Border. They are:- Print media include the Hindi Dainik Jagran , Dainik Bhaskar , Aaj , Hindustan (under Hindustan Times ) and Prabhat Khabar ;
2419-426: The burrow with the bill and even the whole head into the mud. The characteristic feeding method involves standing or walking in shallow water and holding the bill submerged in the water. When contact is made with prey the bill reflexively snaps shut in 25 milliseconds, one of the fastest reactions known in any vertebrate. The reaction is able to distinguish between prey items and inanimate objects like branches, although
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2478-441: The country into 52 Janapadas; of these one was Anga and its capital was The chief pupil - Pattadhara of Tirthankara Mahavir Sudharmaswami and Jambuswami also came here.The fervent devotees of Shri Mahavira - Shravaka Kamadeva, Sudarshan Sheth, emperor Shripala and Satee Chandanbala were also born here. According to Aupapatika Sutra (c. 1st-2nd century CE) forms part of the 12 Jain upanga āgamas as per Śvetámbara tradition,
2537-606: The deliverers of newborn humans. All 20 stork species have been assessed by the IUCN and carry a confident Red List status. However, the assessment for several species were based on incorrect assumptions and a general absence of sound information on stork habits. The word "stork " was first used in its current sense by at least the 12th century in Middle English . It is derived from the Old English word "storc", which itself comes from
2596-420: The exact mechanism is unknown. Openbills are specialists in freshwater molluscs, particularly apple snails. They feed in small groups, and sometimes African openbills ride on the backs of hippos while foraging. Having caught a snail it will return to land or at least to the shallows to eat it. The fine tip of the bill of the openbills is used to open the snail, and the saliva has a narcotic effect, which causes
2655-640: The genera. The shape of the bills is linked to the diet of the different species. The large bills of the Ciconia storks are the least specialized. Larger are the massive and slightly upturned bills of the Ephippiorhynchus and the jabiru. These have evolved to hunt for fish in shallow water. Larger still are the massive daggers of the two adjutants and marabou ( Leptoptilos ), which are used to feed on carrion and in defense against other scavengers, as well as for taking other prey. The long, ibis-like downcurved bills of
2714-626: The hypothesised Proto-Germanic * stork and ultimately the Proto-Indo-European *sr̥ǵos . The name refers to the rigid posture of storks, a meaning reflected in the related word stark , which is derived from the Old English "stearc". Several species of storks are known by other common names. The jabiru is named after the Tupí-Guarani words meaning "that which has" and "swollen", referring to its thickset neck. The marabou stork
2773-541: The most powerful animals and were used to represent the ba , the Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul, during the Old Kingdom . Bennu , an Egyptian deity that was later the inspiration for the phoenix , may also have been inspired by a stork, although it was more likely an ibis or heron. Greek and Roman mythology portrays storks as models of parental devotion. The 3rd century Roman writer Aelian , citing
2832-524: The others being Cambodia and Assam. The greater adjutant is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List 2004 of threatened species and listed under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This huge stork has a naked pink head, a very thick yellow bill and a low-hanging neck pouch. The neck ruff is white. The bird looks like a vulture. Other than the pale grey edge on each wing,
2891-632: The poles, most of North America and large parts of Australia. The centres of stork diversity are in tropical Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, with eight and six breeding species respectively. Just three species are present in the New World: wood stork , maguari stork and jabiru , which is the tallest flying bird of the Americas. Two species, white and black stork , reach Europe and western temperate Asia, while one species, Oriental stork , reaches temperate areas of eastern Asia, and one species, black-necked stork ,
2950-523: The rainforest habitat sought by Storm's stork in South East Asia. They generally avoid marine habitats, with the exception of the lesser adjutant , milky stork and wood stork , all of which forage in mangroves, lagoons and estuarine mudflats. A number of species, especially woolly-necked storks, black-necked storks, Asian openbills and lesser adjutant Storks in south Asia, have adapted to highly modified human habitats, for foraging and breeding. In
3009-502: The region, it witnesses influx of devotees throughout the year. It is about twenty minutes from the main town. Reference of Baba Budhanath can be found in Shiva Purana as Baba Bal Vridheshwarnath. Also, this name has been stated in the first segment of the eighth segments of Shiva Purana . The lingam of this place of worship is self-incarnated nevertheless as to when it came into being is still unknown. Idol of Ma Bhavani can be seen beside
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#17328479604043068-466: The region. Greater adjutant ( Leptoptilos dubius ), a member of the stork family, associated with the mythical bird Garuda , has a Rescue and Rehabilitation Area located in Bhagalpur, the second largest of its kind. Loss of nesting habitat and feeding sites through drainage, pollution and disturbance, together with hunting and egg collection, caused a massive dip in the population of the species. Garuda birds were first spotted nesting and breeding on
3127-521: The region. Several Kali Temples and Puja Mandaps are decked up on Deepawali to worship Kalika. The procession after the Puja is so long that it takes 36 hours to complete one big phase of Murti Bisarjan. Kali Puja holds the cultural significance of the Anga Region. The procession after the Puja is the intangible cultural asset to the city. In medieval Bengali literature , Mansamangal is projected has heroine and
3186-473: The rest of the greater adjutant's body is dark grey. Younglings have a narrower bill, thicker down on the head and neck, and entirely dark wings. A Garuda bird measures 145–150 cm (about three feet) in length and four to five feet in height. As of the 2011 India census , the Bhagalpur Urban Agglomeration has a population of 410,210, of which 218,284 were males and 191,926 were females. It
3245-422: The same species, but have little to do with one another. They also may nest solitarily, and the reasons why they choose to nest together or apart are not understood. Storks use trees in a variety of habitats to breed including forests, cities, farmlands, and large wetlands. Many ancient mythologies feature stories and legends involving storks. In Ancient Egypt , saddle-billed storks were seen as being amongst
3304-638: The six Mahajanapadas during the time of Bhagwan Mahavira Swami. The three Chaturmas of Bhagwan Mahavira Swami during his Dikshakal, religious propagation centre of Anga - Banga - Magadh - Vaishali , test of modesty of Sati Subhadra and Anantmati, Aahardan to Bhagwan Mahaveer Swami by Sati Chandan Bala have taken place in Champapur. Champapur is also related to great stories of 'origin of Harivansha, Shripal-Mainasundari, Shri Dharma Ghosh Muni, King Karna of Mahabharata , King Mudrak and great architect Vishvakarman ’. The main temple of Champapur Siddha Kshetra
3363-412: The snail to relax and simplifies the process of extraction. The other genera of storks are more generalised. Ciconia storks are very generalised in their diets, and some species including Abdim's stork and marabous will feed in large flocks on swarms of locusts and at wildfires. This is why white storks and Abdim's storks are known as "grasshopper birds". Ephippiorhynchus are carnivorous though have
3422-535: The stork on the window sill. Subsequently, the folklore has spread around the world to the Philippines and countries in South America . Birthmarks on the back of the head of newborn babies, nevus flammeus nuchae , are sometimes referred to as stork-bite. In Slavic mythology and pagan religion , storks were thought to carry unborn souls from Vyraj to Earth in spring and summer. This belief still persists in
3481-456: The woolly-necked storks and lesser adjutant storks have adapted to changing crops of tropical agricultural landscapes that enables them to remain resident despite the transformations brought about by seasonal crops. In South Africa, the woolly-necked storks have adapted to artificial feeding and now largely nest on trees in gardens with swimming pools. Less typical habitats include the dense temperate forests used by European black storks , or
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