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77-586: Chalcatzingo is situated near two large granodiorite hills in the Amatzinac River Valley, within an otherwise generally flat landscape. Its early residents likely sourced their water from a nearby spring. Chalcatzingo connected trade routes between Guerrero , the Valley of Mexico , Oaxaca , and the Gulf Lowlands . Chalcatzingo provides examples of Olmec-style art and architecture. The village contained

154-416: A Digital World, which focuses on how digital tools like internet, smartphone and 3D printers are changing the marketing landscape. In the 2021 U.S. News & World Report "America's Best Colleges" report, UIUC's undergraduate program was ranked tied for 47th among national universities and tied for 15th among public universities, with its undergraduate engineering program ranked tied for 6th in

231-464: A central plaza area, designated Terrace 1, downhill from elite residences. Terrace 25 is composed of a sunken patio of a style seen at Teopantecuanitlan . Stone-faced patios and bas-relief monumental art are the features that are found both at Chalcatzingo and at Teopantecuanitlan. These are the only two sites known with these features. The sunken patio of Teopantecuanitlan is older. There are also other parallels between these sites. At Chalcatzingo, in

308-410: A conference center in nearby Monticello at Allerton Park . The campus is known for its landscape and architecture, as well as distinctive landmarks. It was identified as one of 50 college or university "works of art" by T.A. Gaines in his book The Campus as a Work of Art . The campus also has a number of buildings and sites on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places including Harker Hall ,

385-548: A more sustainable future." In 2022, new solar and geothermal energy projects, a reduction in water use, and wide-ranging sustainability research helped the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign earn its fifth consecutive gold certification in the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS) . Illinois has consistently achieved gold certification since it began reporting data through STARS in 2013, and

462-451: A mouth. Above the cave are a number of stylized objects which have been interpreted as rain clouds, with exclamation-like objects (" ! ") appearing to fall from them. These have been generally interpreted as raindrops. The seated figure, " El Rey ", is dressed ornately. He or she is seated on an elaborate scroll holding another scroll. Since this carving is situated above a major natural water channel that once supplied water to Chalcatzingo,

539-602: A pictorial or processional sequence. The second group also consists of bas-reliefs, but they have been carved upon the loose stone slabs and boulders at the foot of the mountain rather than on the mountainside. They are larger than those of the Water Dancing group (all but " El Rey ") and the carvings primarily depict fantastic creatures dominating outlined human figures: According to University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign archaeologist David Grove , these four reliefs likely illustrate "a sequence of mythical events important in

616-675: A quatrefoil." In addition to " El Rey ", the Water Dancing Group includes five smaller bas-reliefs, all depicting various saurian-like creatures sitting atop scrolls (though Reilly refers to these as "lazy [sideways] S" patterns) underneath exclamation-like objects (again most likely raindrops) falling from what appear to be clouds. These five bas-reliefs—Monuments 5/6, 8, 11, 14, and 15—stretch eastward from Monument 1, separated from it by Cerro Chalcatzingo's primary natural water channel. These bas-reliefs can only be viewed sequentially, which leads some researchers to suggest that they are likely

693-595: A separate identity for the main campus within the University of Illinois System , which today includes separate institutions at the University of Illinois Chicago (formed by the merger of UICC and UIMC) and University of Illinois Springfield . In 1998, the Hallene Gateway Plaza was dedicated. The Plaza features the original sandstone portal of University Hall, which was originally the fourth building on campus. In recent years, state support has declined from 4.5% of

770-452: A wide opening; the shape of the opening represents one-half of a quatrefoil . The point of view is from the side, and the entire cave appears cross-sectional, with the cave entrance is seen to the right of the figure. The cave entrance is as tall as the figure, and scroll volutes (perhaps indicating speech or perhaps wind) are issuing from it. The cave in which the figure sits is equipped with an eye, and its general shape could suggest that of

847-705: Is a public land-grant research university in the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area , Illinois, United States. It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was established in 1867. With over 59,000 students, the University of Illinois is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the United States. The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study. The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres (2,578 ha) and its annual operating budget in 2016

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924-457: Is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic ) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite , but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar . The term banatite is sometimes used informally for various rocks ranging from granite to diorite , including granodiorite. According to the QAPF diagram , granodiorite has a greater than 20% quartz by volume, and between 65% and 90% of the feldspar

1001-617: Is a collaboration between the Technology Entrepreneur Center and EnterpriseWorks, with participation from the Office of Technology Management and IllinoisVentures. The program consists of three workshops over six weeks, where teams work to validate the market size, value propositions, and customer segments of their innovations. SocialFuse is a recurring pitching and networking event where students can pitch ideas, find teammates, and network. The Center for Plasma-Material Interactions

1078-464: Is a sculpture that may represent the cave in Monument 1 from a head-on point of view. The sculpture is flat and contains a large hole in the middle that would correspond to the shape of the cave entrance. This represents the full quatrefoil. Above that hole are two eyes, similar to the eye in Monument 1. The thick brows above the eyes and bromeliad plants radiating from the corners of the mouth suggest that

1155-809: Is a week-long workshop, occurring annually in January. Students visit startups and technology companies in the Silicon Valley and network entrepreneurial alumni from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Students are exposed to technology entrepreneurship, innovation, and leadership. The trip features corporate leaders, venture capitalists, and entrepreneurs in various stages of a startup lifecycle. Illinois I-Corps teaches National Science Foundation grantees how to learn to identify valuable product opportunities that can emerge from academic research, and gain skills in entrepreneurship through training in customer discovery and guidance from established entrepreneurs. The program

1232-460: Is described as "a rock of intermediate composition between quartz diorite and quartz monzonite ". Plymouth Rock is a glacial erratic boulder of granodiorite. The Sierra Nevada mountains contain large sections of granodiorite. Granodiorite was quarried at Mons Claudianus in the Red Sea Governorate in eastern Egypt from the 1st century AD to the mid-3rd century AD. Much of

1309-525: Is evidenced by the fact that most examples of granodiorite sculpture seem to have come from later dates. However, its presence in the Rosetta Stone implies that they had considerable experience with it and the fact that only newer artifacts are found may simply be because earlier pieces were lost. Granodiorite is quarried in the Newry area of County Armagh with the common name of 'Newry granite'. Granodiorite

1386-575: Is led through live sessions, headed by UIUC faculty. Similar to the university's on-campus admission policies, the online master's degrees offered by The University of Illinois through Coursera also has admission requirements. All applicants must hold a bachelor's degree, and have earned a 3.0 GPA or higher in the last two years of study. Additionally, all applicants must prove their proficiency in English. The University of Illinois also offers online courses in partnership with Coursera, such as Marketing in

1463-1027: Is located on campus and is the home of the Illinois Natural History Survey , Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois State Water Survey, Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, and the Illinois State Archeological Survey. Researchers at the Prairie Research Institute are engaged in research in agriculture and forestry, biodiversity and ecosystem health, atmospheric resources, climate and associated natural hazards, cultural resources and history of human settlements, disease and public health, emerging pests, fisheries and wildlife, energy and industrial technology, mineral resources, pollution prevention and mitigation, and water resources. The Illinois Natural History Survey collections include crustaceans, reptiles and amphibians, birds, mammals, algae, fungi, and vascular plants, with

1540-447: Is missing. The monument depicts a woman dressed in sandals, head covering, and a skirt who is touching – or perhaps erecting – a bound stela. The woman and the depicted stela rest upon what has been identified as a stylized earth monster. This image possibly represents a woman with her marriage dowry and appears to be mirrored by Monument 32, which portrays a male touching a stela in a similar, but mirrored, position. While Chalcatzingo

1617-900: Is most often used as crushed stone for road building. It is also used as construction material, building facade, and paving, and as an ornamental stone. The Rosetta Stone is a stele made from granodiorite. The portico columns of the Pantheon in Rome are formed from single shafts of granodiorite, each 12 metres tall by 1.5 metres in diameter. Volcanic rocks : Subvolcanic rocks : Plutonic rocks : Picrite basalt Peridotite Basalt Diabase (Dolerite) Gabbro Andesite Microdiorite Diorite Dacite Microgranodiorite Granodiorite Rhyolite Microgranite Granite University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign ( UIUC , U of I , Illinois , or University of Illinois )

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1694-642: Is perhaps best known for its bas-relief carvings, taken to infer an Olmec presence in the prehistoric community, the bulk of the evidence from this site indicates that it was a vibrant presence in the Mexican Central Highlands owing little to any Olmec incursion or contact. The Central Mexican identity can perhaps best be appreciated by contrasting the character of the monumental art with the numerous anthropomorphic figurines recovered at Chalcatzingo. These figurines, which are clearly within an indigenous Central Mexican tradition, may be thought of as depicting

1771-458: Is plagioclase. A greater amount of plagioclase would designate the rock as tonalite . Granodiorite is felsic to intermediate in composition. It is the intrusive igneous equivalent of the extrusive igneous dacite . It contains a large amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) rich plagioclase, potassium feldspar , quartz , and minor amounts of muscovite mica as the lighter colored mineral components. Biotite and amphiboles often in

1848-720: The Astronomical Observatory , Louise Freer Hall , the Main Library , the Experimental Dairy Farm Historic District , and the Morrow Plots . University of Illinois Willard Airport is one of the few airports owned by an educational institution. In 2008, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign became a signatory of the American College and University Presidents' Climate Commitment, binding

1925-668: The Grainger College of Engineering has an admit rate of 22.3%. Certain in-demand majors like Computer Science, including Computer Science + X, of which the program being ranked consistently 5th nationwide can be extremely competitive, with an acceptance rate of less than 6.8% in 2022, and average freshman ACT composite score of 33.7. Computer Science + X admit rate: 18.1% In 2009, an investigation by The Chicago Tribune reported that some applicants "received special consideration " for acceptance between 2005 and 2009, despite having sub-par qualifications. This incident became known as

2002-683: The John Bardeen Quadrangle occupy the center of the Engineering Campus . Boneyard Creek flows through the John Bardeen Quadrangle, parallel to Green Street. The Beckman Quadrangle, named after Arnold Orville Beckman , is primarily composed of research units and laboratories, and features a large solar calendar consisting of an obelisk and several copper fountains. The Main Quadrangle and South Quadrangle follow immediately after

2079-734: The Latin grānum for " grain ", an English language derivative. Diorite is named after the contrasting colors of the rock. Banatite is a term used informally for various rocks ranging from granite to diorite , but often granodiorite, that were intruded in the Late Cretaceous in the Banat and nearby regions of present-day Hungary and Serbia . The term is also used in Australia in connection with Gulaga / Mount Dromedary in New South Wales , where it

2156-506: The Rose Bowl Game in 1947, 1952, 1964 and a total of five national championships. Illinois athletes have won 29 medals in Olympic events . The alumni, faculty members, or researchers of the university include 30 Nobel laureates, 27 Pulitzer Prize winners, two Fields medalists , and two Turing Award winners. The University of Illinois, originally named "Illinois Industrial University",

2233-646: The Siebel Center for Design , and $ 50 million to support the renamed Department of Computer Science to become Siebel School of Computing and Data Science. Furthermore, the Grainger Foundation (founded by alumnus W. W. Grainger ) has contributed more than $ 300 million to the university over the last half-century, including donations for the construction of the Grainger Engineering Library . Larry Gies and his wife Beth donated $ 150 million in 2017 to

2310-557: The Universal Parallel Computing Research Center . The university contracted with Cray to build the National Science Foundation -funded supercomputer Blue Waters . The system also has the largest public online storage system in the world with more than 25 petabytes of usable space. The university celebrated January 12, 1997, as the "birthday" of HAL 9000 , the fictional supercomputer from

2387-566: The University of Illinois clout scandal . The university offers more than 150 undergraduate and 100 graduate and professional programs in over 15 academic units, among several online specializations such as Digital Marketing and an online MBA program launched in January 2016. In 2015, the university announced its expansion to include an engineering-based medical program, which would be the first new college created in Urbana-Champaign in 60 years. The university also offers undergraduate students

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2464-678: The fourth-largest university library in the United States by holdings. The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications . Illinois athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Fighting Illini . They are members of the Big Ten Conference and have won the second-most conference titles . Illinois Fighting Illini football won

2541-405: The liberal arts tradition was at odds with many state residents and lawmakers who wanted the university to offer classes based solely around "industrial education". The university opened for classes on March 2, 1868, and had two faculty members and 77 students. The Library, which opened with the school in 1868, started with 1,039 volumes. Subsequently, President Edmund J. James , in a speech to

2618-463: The 2011 fiscal year, Research Park produced an economic output of $ 169.5M for the state of Illinois. The Technology Entrepreneur Center at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is a permanent center established to provide students with resources for their entrepreneurial ideas. The center offers classes, venture and product competitions, and workshops to introduce students to technology innovation and market adoption. Events and programs hosted by

2695-408: The 2022 score was one of its highest to date. Currently, the campus features 27 LEED-certified buildings. As of 2024, 87% of students graduate within 8 years of entering, compared to the national median of 58% for all 4-year universities nationwide. The overall first-year admit rate for 2023 is 43.7%, which differ greatly among UIUC colleges — whereas the overall first-choice admit rate is 34.7%,

2772-630: The College of Fine and Applied Arts was ranked 3rd nationally by Planetizen in 2015. The university was also listed as a "Public Ivy" in The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001) by Howard and Matthew Greene. The Princeton Review ranked Illinois 1st in its 2016 list of top party schools. Internationally, UIUC engineering was ranked 13th in the world in 2016 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and

2849-497: The Illinois Industrial University officially changed its name to the "University of Illinois", reflecting its agricultural, mechanical, and liberal arts curriculum. According to educational historian Roger L. Geiger , Illinois and a few other public and private universities set the standard for what the research university in the United States would become. During his presidency, Edmund J. James (1904–1920) set

2926-618: The John Bardeen Quad. The former makes up a large part of the Liberal Arts and Sciences portion of the campus, while the latter comprises many of the buildings of the College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences (ACES) spread across the campus map. Additionally, the research fields of the College of ACES stretch south from Urbana and Champaign into Savoy and Champaign County . The university also maintains formal gardens and

3003-541: The TEC include the Cozad New Venture Challenge, Silicon Valley Entrepreneurship Workshop, Illinois I-Corps, and SocialFuse. The campus-wide Cozad New Venture Challenge has been held annually since 2000. Participants are mentored in the phases of venture creation and attend workshops on idea validation, pitching skills, and customer development. In 2019, teams competed for $ 250,000 in funding. The Silicon Valley Workshop

3080-511: The Top 25 American Research Universities by The Center for Measuring University Performance . Beside annual influx of grants and sponsored projects, the university manages an extensive modern research infrastructure. The university has been a leader in computer based education and hosted the PLATO project, which was a precursor to the internet and resulted in the development of the plasma display . Illinois

3157-532: The Toughest Problems in Computer Science," he mentioned Microsoft hires more graduates from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign than from any other university in the world. Alumnus William M. Holt, a senior vice-president of Intel , also mentioned in a campus talk on September 27, 2007, entitled "R&D to Deliver Practical Results: Extending Moore's Law" that Intel hires more PhD graduates from

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3234-601: The U.S. among schools whose highest degree is a doctorate. Washington Monthly ranked UIUC 18th among 389 national universities in the U.S. for 2020, based on its contribution to the public good as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service. Kiplinger's Personal Finance rated Illinois 12th in its 2019 list of 174 Best Values in Public Colleges, which "measures academic quality, cost and financial aid." The Graduate Program in Urban Planning at

3311-533: The board of trustees in 1912, proposed to create a research library. It is now one of the world's largest public academic collections. In 1870, the Mumford House was constructed as a model farmhouse for the school's experimental farm. The Mumford House remains the oldest structure on campus. The original University Hall (1871) was the fourth building built; it stood where the Illini Union stands today. In 1885,

3388-411: The campus to the goal of carbon neutrality as soon as possible. In 2010, the first Illinois Climate Action Plan (iCAP) was written to chart a path to this goal. The iCAP is a strategic framework for meeting the university's Climate Leadership Commitments to be carbon-neutral by 2050 or sooner and build resilience with its local community. Since then, the iCAP has been rewritten every five years to track

3465-410: The center of the sunken patio is a tabletop altar reminiscent of those at La Venta and San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán , both lowland Olmec centers. Structure 4 is Chalcatzingo's largest structure, an almost-square platform measuring approximately 70 m (230 ft) on each side. Burials of high-status individuals have been excavated here, with jade ornaments and a magnetite (iron ore) mirror. Most of

3542-456: The cosmogony of the peoples of Chalcatzingo". While these first five occur in a processional arrangement, a sixth carving of this group, labelled Monument 13, is considerably downhill. It depicts a supernatural anthropomorphic being with the cleft head often found in Olmec iconography. Like " El Rey ", it is seated within the quatrefoil mouth of what is likely a supernatural creature. Monument 9

3619-402: The form of hornblende are more abundant in granodiorite than in granite, giving it a more distinct two-toned or overall darker appearance. Mica may be present in well-formed hexagonal crystals, and hornblende may appear as needle-like crystals. Minor amounts of oxide minerals such as magnetite , ilmenite , and ulvöspinel , as well as some sulfide minerals may also be present. On average,

3696-406: The iCAP process — especially in the areas of zero waste and conservation of energy, food, water, land, and natural resources — as well as sustainability outreach and immersive educational programs. In her remarks on being named Director of iSEE in 2022, Professor of Agricultural and Consumer Economics Madhu Khanna explained: "We aim to position campus to play a transformative role in moving us all to

3773-582: The insect collection is among the largest in North America. The Illinois State Geological Survey houses the legislatively mandated Illinois Geological Samples Library, a repository for drill-hole samples in Illinois, as well as paleontological collections. ISAS serves as a repository for a large collection of Illinois archaeological artifacts. One of the major collections is from the Cahokia Mounds. Located in

3850-482: The last twenty years state funding for the university has fallen. Private philanthropy increasingly supplements revenue from tuition and state funding, providing about 19% of the annual budget in 2012. Notable among significant donors, alumnus entrepreneur Thomas M. Siebel has committed nearly $ 150 million to the university, including $ 36 million to build the Thomas M. Siebel Center for Computer Science , $ 25 million to build

3927-660: The launch of the Master of Computer Science in Data Science from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. At the time, the university's computer-science graduate program was ranked fifth in the United States by U.S. News & World Report . On March 29, 2017, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign launched their Master's in Accounting (iMSA) program, now called the Master of Science in Accountancy (iMSA) program. The iMSA program

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4004-500: The novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey ; in both works, HAL credits "Urbana, Illinois" as his place of operational origin. The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology supports interdisciplinary collaborative research in the broad areas of intelligent systems, neuroscience, molecular science and engineering, and biomedical imaging. The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology supports research in genomics and related areas of biology. The Prairie Research Institute

4081-465: The opportunity for graduation honors. University Honors is an academic distinction awarded to the highest achieving students. To earn the distinction, students must have a cumulative grade point average of a 3.5/4.0 within the academic year of their graduation and rank within the top 3% of their graduating class. Their names are inscribed on a Bronze Tablet that hangs in the Main Library. In addition to

4158-784: The people who lived in Morelos at the dawn of Mesoamerican civilization. Like other Formative period culture centers, Chalcatzingo declined in importance, but unlike centers on the Gulf Coast, the site was not abandoned. The location has clear evidence of a minor occupation in the Late Formative Period and served as a minor ceremonial center during the Classic period. However, by 500 BCE Chalcatzingo had lost its centrality in Mexican Highland culture. This occurred some 400 years after San Lorenzo

4235-547: The policy of building a massive research library. He also laid the foundation for the large Chinese international student population on campus. James established ties with China through the Chinese Minister to the United States Wu Ting-Fang . Class rivalries and Bob Zuppke's winning football teams contributed to campus morale. Alma Mater , a prominent statue on campus created by alumnus Lorado Taft ,

4312-511: The quarried stone was transported to Rome for use in major projects such as the Pantheon and Hadrian's Villa . Additionally, granodiorite was used for the Rosetta Stone . The extent of Egyptian granodiorite masonry is unclear. Egypt's 6000-year history makes determining the period of usage difficult as well. Perhaps like porphyry , it was ignored by the successive dynasties of Egypt and only heavily mined during Ptolemaic or Roman times. This

4389-486: The reverse to refer to the main campus specifically. The university name officially changed to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by 1977 (although the word "at" was later dropped for marketing purposes by all U of I System campuses by 2021). While this was a reversal of the commonly used designation for the metropolitan area ( Champaign-Urbana ), a majority of the campus is located in Urbana. The name change established

4466-532: The scene has been interpreted as a leader using his power to bring water to the region. However, "El Rey" has also variously been identified as a rain deity, the "God of the Mountain" - a forerunner of the Aztec's Tepeyollotl , or as the jaguar god who inhabits the caves. "A striking parallel exists between the imagery of Chalcatzingo Monument 1 and Izapa Stela 8, both of which feature elite individuals enthroned within

4543-559: The sculpture had been made by the Olmecs , who may have used it in rite of passage ceremonies or rites for initiating priests. Chalcatzingo contains what may be the earliest representation of a woman in Mesoamerican monumental art on Monument 21 . The monument is a stela , originally erected at the front of Terrace 15 during the Cantera phase of occupation (700-500 BCE). The top of the monument

4620-458: The shortly thereafter renamed Gies College of Business . The main research and academic facilities are divided almost evenly between the twin cities of Urbana and Champaign , which form part of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area . Some parts are in Urbana Township . Four main quads compose the center of the university and are arranged from north to south. The Beckman Quadrangle and

4697-492: The southwest part of campus, Research Park opened its first building in 2001 and has grown to encompass 13 buildings. Ninety companies have established roots in research park, employing over 1,400 people. Tenants of the Research Park facilities include prominent Fortune 500 companies Capital One, John Deere, State Farm, Caterpillar, and Yahoo, Inc. Companies also employ about 400 total student interns at any given time throughout

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4774-498: The state's tax appropriations in 1980 to 2.28% in 2011, a nearly 50% decline. As a result, the university's budget has shifted away from relying on state support with nearly 84% of the budget coming from other sources in 2012. On March 12, 2015, the Board of Trustees approved the creation of a medical school, the first college created at Urbana-Champaign in 60 years. The Carle Illinois College of Medicine began classes in 2018. Over

4851-405: The stone out. The first group of reliefs lies high on the hillside of Cerro Chalcatzingo. Their apparent common theme of rain and fertility has led Kent Reilly to name this the Water Dancing Group. This group is dominated by the best known carving from Chalcatzingo: Monument 1, also known as "El Rey" (The King). "El Rey" is a life-size carving of a human-like figure seated inside a cave with

4928-558: The university 38th in 2019; the university was also ranked 48th globally by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2020 and 75th in the world by the QS World University Rankings for 2020. The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) has ranked University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as the 20th best university in the world for 2019–20. UIUC is also ranked 32nd in

5005-434: The university's Illinois Online platform, in 2015 the university entered into a partnership with the Silicon Valley educational technology company Coursera to offer a series of master's degrees, certifications, and specialization courses, currently including more than 70 joint learning classes. In August 2015, the Master of Business Administration program was launched through the platform. On March 31, 2016, Coursera announced

5082-472: The university's progress. In December 2013, the University of Illinois launched the Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment (iSEE) on the Urbana-Champaign campus. The institute, under the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, leads an interdisciplinary approach to researching solutions for the world's most pressing sustainability, energy, and environmental needs. In addition, iSEE has engaged students, faculty, staff, and campus leadership in

5159-452: The upper continental crust has the same composition as granodiorite. Granodiorite is a plutonic igneous rock, formed by intrusion of silica-rich magma , which cools in batholiths or stocks below the Earth's surface. It is usually only exposed at the surface after uplift and erosion have occurred. The name comes from two related rocks to which granodiorite is an intermediate: granite and diorite . The gran- root comes from

5236-578: The village's burials were located under the floors of houses—individuals representing the whole variety of social statuses were buried this way. Chalcatzingo is perhaps most famous for its bas-relief carvings. Most of the 31 known monuments occur in three distinct groupings: two on Cerro Chalcatzingo and the third on the terraces within the actual settlement. Drawings of these carvings have been made, but molds were taken of many of them before any drawings were taken. The process of making those molds tended to destroy fine lines and actually tore small portions of

5313-404: The world in Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings for 2018. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is often regarded as a world-leading magnet for engineering and sciences (both applied and basic). According to the National Science Foundation , the university spent $ 625 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 37th in the nation. It is also listed as one of

5390-434: The year. The complex is also a center for entrepreneurs, and has over 50 startup companies stationed at its EnterpriseWorks Incubator facility. In 2011, Urbana, Illinois was named number 11 on Popular Mechanics' "14 Best Startup Cities in America" list, in a large part due to the contributions of Research Park's programs. The park has gained recognition from other notable publications, such as inc.com and Forbes magazine. For

5467-405: Was a 2nd-generation ARPAnet site in 1971 and was the first institution to license the UNIX operating system from Bell Labs. The university hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which created Mosaic , the first graphical web browser , the Apache HTTP server , and NCSA Telnet . The Parallel@Illinois program hosts several programs in parallel computing , including

5544-698: Was abandoned, and 100 years before the abandonment of La Venta. Chalcatzingo's decline coincided with the development of widespread settlement clusters throughout the Morelos region, consisting mainly of small farming villages. Over 1000 years after Chalcatzingo's abandonment, the Late Classic settlement Xochicalco reached its peak in Morelos between 700 and 900 CE. 18°40′36″N 98°46′15″W  /  18.67672°N 98.77079°W  / 18.67672; -98.77079 Granodiorite Granodiorite ( / ˌ ɡ r æ n oʊ ˈ d aɪ . ə r aɪ t , ˌ ɡ r æ n ə ˈ -/ GRAN -oh- DY -ə-ryte, GRAN -ə- )

5621-618: Was also marked by large growth in the Graduate College and increased federal support of scientific and technological research. During the 1950s and 1960s the university experienced the turmoil common on many American campuses. Among these were the water fights of the 1950s and 1960s. By 1967, the University of Illinois system consisted of a main campus in Champaign-Urbana and two Chicago campuses, Chicago Circle (UICC) and Medical Center (UIMC), and people began using "Urbana-Champaign" or

5698-413: Was established in 2004 by Professor David N. Ruzic to research the complex behavior between ions , electrons , and energetic atoms generated in plasmas and the surfaces of materials. CPMI encompasses fusion plasmas in its research. In Bill Gates ' February 24, 2004, talk as part of his Five Campus Tour (Harvard, MIT, Cornell, Carnegie-Mellon and Illinois) titled "Software Breakthroughs: Solving

5775-401: Was one of the 37 universities created under the first Morrill Land-Grant Act , which provided public land for the creation of agricultural and industrial colleges and universities across the United States. Among several cities, Urbana was selected in 1867 as the site for the new school. From the beginning, President John Milton Gregory 's desire to establish an institution firmly grounded in

5852-548: Was over $ 2 billion. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations . The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". In fiscal year 2019, research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 652 million. The campus library system possesses

5929-541: Was unveiled on June 11, 1929. It was funded from donations by the Alumni Fund and the classes of 1923–1929. The Great Depression in the United States slowed construction and expansion on the campus. The university replaced the original university hall with Gregory Hall and the Illini Union . After World War II, the university experienced rapid growth. The enrollment doubled and the academic standing improved. This period

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