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29-457: Chalandri is a suburb in Northern Athens, around 12 kilometres (7 miles) from the centre; its location corresponds with one of the 10 ancient demes (boroughs) of Athens, known as Phlya ( Greek : Φλύα ). The municipality has an area of 10.805 km. Chalandri was a small village until the rapid expansion of Athens during the 1960s and 1970s. Its built-up area is now continuous with those of

58-399: A deme or demos ( Ancient Greek : δῆμος , plural: demoi , δήμοι) was a suburb or a subdivision of Athens and other city-states. Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC. In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became

87-770: A language shift. After the 1922 Asia Minor Catastrophe and the 1923 Greco-Turkish population exchange , some Greek refugees settled in the town. American Community Schools is located in Chalandri. Sport clubs of Chalandri with presence in Greek national divisions are AE Chalandriou (Athlitiki Enosi Chalandriou), GS Chalandriou (Gymnastikos Syllogos Chalandriou) and Nireas Chalandriou. The municipality of Chalandri has also created an extensive channel of sports installations such as tennis courts, football pitches, volleyball and basketball indoor and outdoor courts and also an indoor and outdoor olympic-size swimming pool in order to enhance

116-512: A large battle was commenced in the area between the democratic rebels of Thrasybulus and the forces of the Thirty Tyrants imposed by Sparta. Thrasybulus clashed with all the city's Spartan guard with a force of only 700 men and 2 cavalry divisions attempting to cut off supplies. The battle was victorious for the democrats, who drove away the enemy and slew about 120 of them. The Acharnians chiefly grew cereals , grapes , and olives . Acharnae

145-474: A politically independent region during the period. The largest amount of archaeological evidence dates from the Classical and Hellenistic periods (5th - 2nd centuries BCE). It consists mostly of graveyards found throughout the entire area, parts of the ancient deme's road network, as well as parts of hydraulic infrastructure from the 4th century BCE. A lot of information is given about the public and private life of

174-569: A series of camps within it, hoping to draw out the Athenians to a pitched battle where the Spartans would have the upper hand. The total destruction of Acharnae and the abandonment of the temple of Ares, a sanctuary of great importance in the deme, led to the warlike depiction of its citizens. Notably, Aristophanes depicted the Acharnians in his work Lysistrata as violent raiders. According to Thucydides

203-536: A single general reapportionment of quotas within each of the first three periods, while there are evident small quota-variations between the first and the second periods. More precisely in: As regards the last two periods, the material illustrates the complete collapse of the quota-system from 201/200 BC. Some deme lists suggest extensions to the list of 139+3 Demes by adding 43 additional names, some of which have been considered by scholars as Attic demes. The criticism performed by John S. Traill shows that 24 are

232-472: Is located at and southwest of Menidi (renamed to modern Acharnes ). It was from the woods of this mountain that the Acharnians were enabled to carry on that traffic in charcoal for which they were noted among the Athenians. Their land was fertile; their population was rough and warlike; and they furnished at the commencement of the Peloponnesian War 3,000 hoplites , or a tenth of the whole infantry of

261-604: Is served by the Chalandri , Agia Paraskevi , Doukissis Plakentias as well as Nomismatokopio and Cholargos metro station (the latter two being shared with Papagou-Cholargos ). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chalandri has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. The village was historically Arvanitika speaking, with 3,000 Arvanites inhabiting it, however due to its proximity to Athens , it has undergone

290-598: The Neolithic . During the Mycenaean period in the Greek Bronze Age the area was continuously inhabited. Near the neighbourhood of Lykopetra a Mycenaean tholos tomb has been discovered, while traces of another Bronze Age tomb have been found in the area today called Nemesis. Many archaeological reports claim several tomb excavations across the entirety of the area, which all point to the possibility of Acharnae possibly being

319-504: The phyle Oineis . Acharnae, according to Thucydides , was the largest deme in Attica. In the fourth century BCE, 22 of the 500 members of the Athenian council came from Acharnae, more than from any other deme. The place-name of Acharnae is most likely pre-Greek in origin, similar to other place-names throughout Attica. During antiquity it was believed that the name originated from

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348-427: The athletic spirit of the inhabitants. Also, due to the geographical convenience of the area of Chalandri there is an extensive bike route, covering the neighbourhoods from Doukissis Plakentias metro station, to Vrilissia and Gearakas area, reaching until Chalandri downtown city centre, providing safe transportations for families and individuals improving the life level of the area. Deme In Ancient Greece ,

377-508: The deme offered an army of 3,000 hoplites, 1/10 of the total Athenian army, although this information is believed by historians to be mistaken - there was an analogy of 42 free citizens for every politician of a deme according to the Athenian constitution, thus the number of hoplites Acharnae could offer was only 1,000. In the aftermath of the Peloponnesian war and during the Athenian civil war,

406-521: The fundamental units of the state weakened the gene , or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries. A deme functioned to some degree as a polis in miniature, and indeed some demes, such as Eleusis and Acharnae , were in fact significant towns. Each deme had a demarchos who supervised its affairs; various other civil, religious, and military functionaries existed in various demes. Demes held their own religious festivals and collected and spent revenue. Demes were combined within

435-470: The locals during the period by the remnants of the road networks. In the first phase of the Peloponnesian War the Lacedaemonian (Spartan) army invaded the Athenian home-region of Attica under the command of king Archidamos II , advancing up to Acharnae as the statesman Pericles gathered the citizens of Attica inside the walls of Athens . The Spartan army ravaged the deme and its forestry, setting

464-472: The neighbouring suburbs Filothei , Marousi , Vrilissia , Agia Paraskevi , Cholargos , Neo Psychiko and Psychiko . Nevertheless, it has still a high ratio of open green areas per citizen in the Athens agglomeration. Several embassies are based in Chalandri. It is one of the largest suburbs in terms of population, with more than 70,000 residents. It holds an independent municipality status since 1944. Chalandri

493-404: The republic. They possessed sanctuaries or altars of Apollo Aguieus , of Heracles , of Athena Hygieia , of Athena Hippia, of Dionysus Melpomenus , and of Dionysus Cissus, so called, because the Acharnians said that the ivy first grew in this deme. One of the plays of Aristophanes bears the name of the Acharnians. The oldest confirmed evidence of permanent inhabitation in the area dates from

522-479: The requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a phratry , or family group. At this same time, demes were established in the main city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Athens was divided into 139 demes. Three other demes were created subsequently: Berenikidai (224/223 BC), Apollonieis (201/200 BC), and Antinoeis (AD 126/127). The establishment of demes as

551-415: The result of error, ancient or modern, or of misinterpretation and 19 are well known chiefly from inscriptions of the second and third centuries AD, i.e. in the fifth period, and thus for political purposes they were originally dependent on legitimate Cleisthenic demes. There were six pairs of homonymous demes: There were six divided demes, one composed of three parts: When the city was settled under

580-456: The same area to make trittyes , larger population groups, which in turn were combined to form the ten tribes, or phylai of Athens. Each tribe contained one trittys from each of three regions: the city, the coast, and the inland area. Cleisthenes divided the landscape in three zones—urban ( asty ), coastal ( paralia ) and inland ( mesogeia )—and the 139 demes were organized into 30 groups called trittyes ("thirds"), ten for each of

609-481: The support of Pericles and the command of Lampon and Xenocritus the population was organized in ten tribes, following the Athenian organization: there were tribes for the population of 1. Arcadia , 2. Achaea , 3. Elis , 4. Boeotia , 5. Delphi , 6. Dorians , 7. Ionians , 8. population of Euboea , 9. the islands and 10. Athenians. The term "deme" ( dēmos ) survived into the Hellenistic and Roman eras. By

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638-547: The system was reorganized with the creation of two Macedonian Phylai (XI. Antigonis and XII. Demetrias ), named after Demetrius I of Macedon and Antigonus I Monophthalmus , and an increase in the membership of the Boule to 600. Each of the ten tribes, except Aiantis, provided three demes (not necessarily one for trittyes); the missing contribution of Aiantis was covered by two demes of Leontis and one from Aigeis. The Egyptian Phyle XIII. Ptolemais , named after Ptolemy III Euergetes

667-654: The time of the Byzantine Empire , the term was used to refer to one of the four chariot racing factions, the Reds, the Blues, the Greens and the Whites. In modern Greece, the term dēmos is used to denote one of the municipalities . Acharnae Acharnae or Acharnai ( / ə ˈ k ɑːr . n iː / ; Ancient Greek : Ἀχαρναί ) was a deme of ancient Athens . It was part of

696-485: The word acharna ( ἀχάρνα ) or acharnos ( ἀχαρνός ), meaning seabass , due to the shape of the plain that Acharnae was in looking like a fish. Another view was that the name originated from Acharnas, one of the mythical heroes from Attica and the supposed founder of the city. Acharnae was located in the west-northwest part of the Attic plain, 60 stadia north of Athens, south of Mount Parnes . The site of Acharnae

725-473: The zones and into ten tribes, or phylai , each composed of three trittyes , one from the coast, one from the city, and one from the inland area. Cleisthenes also reorganized the Boule , created with 400 members under Solon , so that it had 500 members, 50 from each tribe, each deme having a fixed quota. The ten tribes were named after legendary heroes and came to have an official order: In 307/306 – 224/223 BC

754-473: Was created following the same scheme used for the creation of the Egyptian Phyle: each tribe contributed a deme and a new deme, Apollonieis, was created in honour of Apollonis, wife of Attalus I of Pergamum. As a consequence there were again 12 tribes and 600 members of the Boule. From this period onward, quotas were no longer assigned to the demes for the 50 Boule members from each tribe The last modification

783-480: Was created in 224/223 BC and the Boule was again increased to 650 members, the twelve tribes giving each a demos. A new village was created and named Berenikidai after Ptolemy's wife Berenice II of Egypt . In 201/200 BC the Macedonian Phylae were dissolved and the villages (except the two given to Ptolemais) went back to their original tribes. In the spring of 200 BC Tribe XIV. Attalis , named after Attalus I ,

812-476: Was the centre of the Athenian charcoal-burning industry, and the chorus of Aristophanes ' comedy The Acharnians is made up of charcoal-burners. Pindar characterizes them as notably brave. A tholos tomb at Menidi suggests Acharnae was once an independent entity; a temple to Ares was later moved to the Athenian Agora . Donkeys from Acharnae were noted for their large size, perhaps in humor. Peisander

841-472: Was the creation in 126/127 of XV. Hadrianis , named after the Emperor Hadrian , following the same scheme: each tribe contributed a deme and a new deme, Antinoeis , was created in honour of Hadrian's favourite, Antinous . Each tribe contributed 40 members to the Boule. In the first three periods there it a more detailed system of fixed quotas which essentially remained unchanged. There is no evidence for

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