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48-459: Administratively, the Gulf of Gökova coastline includes portions of the districts of, clockwise, Bodrum, Milas , Muğla , Ula , Marmaris and Datça. The Greek island of Kos lies along the entry into the Gulf. Bodrum, located in its northwest reaches, is the only large city on the gulf today. In ancient times, alongside Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum ), the city of Ceramus , located midway along

96-573: A Swedish team in early 20th century, as well as the views over the valley, attract the interest of rather few adventurous visitors prepared for the climb. Gökçeler Canyon and İncirliin Cave inside the canyon are visitor attractions. There are 132 neighbourhoods in Milas District: Fethiye Fethiye ( Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfethije] ) is a municipality and district of Muğla Province , Turkey . Its area

144-413: A casual term covering the emerging resort area centered in the coastal town of Akyaka. 36°59′57″N 28°09′43″E  /  36.99917°N 28.16194°E  / 36.99917; 28.16194 Milas Milas ( Ancient Greek : Μύλασα , Mylasa) is a municipality and district of Muğla Province , Turkey . Its area is 2,067 km , and its population is 147,416 (2022). The city commands

192-568: A centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial center. The area fell to the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century. Telmessos was ruled by the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe starting in 1284, under the name Beskaza . It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرى Meğri until 1934. From 1867 until 1922, Meğri

240-500: A certain Mylasus, son of Chrysaor and a descendant of Sisyphus and Aeolus, an explanation some sources deem unsubstantial for a Carian city. The city's earliest historical mention is at the beginning of the 7th century BC, when a Carian leader from Mylasa by name Arselis is recorded to have helped Gyges of Lydia in his contest for the Lydian throne. The same episode is at the origin of

288-560: A daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F). The classification for the climate of Fethiye is Csa ( Köppen ) and Csal ( Trewartha ) Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. The most common type of public transportation in Fethiye and nearby area is minibus, commonly known in Turkey as dolmuş (dol-moosh) and numerous routes connect Fethiye with Ölüdeniz , Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha. The overall metropolitan area of

336-466: A dozen villages around Milas. For the whole territory of Milas district, up to 7000 weavers' looms remain active, either full-time or at intervals following the demand, which remains quite lively both in Turkey and abroad. Beçin Castle, the capital of Menteşe Beys, is situated at the dependent township of Beçin, at a distance of 5 kilometers from Milas city. The fortress has been restored in 1974, and

384-430: A par with each other in terms of all-year population and the area their depending districts cover. Milas center is situated on a fertile plain at the foot of Mount Sodra, on and around which sizable quarries of white marble are found and have been used since very ancient times. The name Mylasa , with the old Anatolian ending in -asa is evidence of very early foundation. On the basis of the -mil syllable found also in

432-529: A region with an active economy and is very rich in history and ancient remains, the territory of Milas containing a remarkable twenty-seven archaeological sites of note. The city was the first capital of ancient Caria and of the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe in mediaeval times. The nearby Mausoleum of Hecatomnus is classified as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site. Milas is focused on agricultural and aquacultural processing, related industrial activities, services, transportation (particularly since

480-691: A simplified copy of the famous tomb of Mausolus in Halicarnassus . There are a number of historical Turkish buildings in Milas, dating from both the Menteşe and the Ottoman periods. A number of old houses built in the nineteenth or early twentieth century that have been preserved in their original appearance are also worthy of mention. Among the three most important mosques of Milas, The Great Mosque dating from 1378 and Orhan Bey Mosque dating from 1330 were built when Milas

528-512: Is 875 km , and its population is 177,702 (2022). It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Turkish Riviera . Fethiye was formerly known as Makri ( Greek : Μάκρη ). Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city of Telmessos , the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. the Hellenistic theatre by the main quay. A Lycian legend explains the source of

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576-532: Is also home to the Tomb of Amyntas , a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians. The most popular tourist towns of Fethiye are: Ölüdeniz , Çalış Beach area, Hisarönü and Ovacık, Fethiye . Butterfly Valley is in the Fethiye district. The island of Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, 4 mi (6.4 km) off the city, is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites, Afkule being one of

624-466: Is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centers and is especially popular during the summer. The Fethiye Museum, which is rich in ancient and more recent artifacts , displays and testifies to the successive chain of civilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancient Lycians . Some of the historical sites worth visiting are: Kadyanda ( Cadyanda ) ancient city, Kayaköy - the abandoned Greek village, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola. Fethiye

672-464: The temenos of one of the temples dedicated to one of the Zeus ( probably Zeus Osogoa and built in the first century BC) are still visible, as well as a row of columns. The eighteenth-century English traveller Richard Pococke relates, in his Travels , having seen the temple of Augustus here; its materials have since partially been taken by Turks to build a mosque . One of the two ancient symbols of

720-490: The Arab-Byzantine Wars . The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos or Anastasioupolis " ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known as Makre or Makri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour. There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre

768-526: The Attic-Delos Union ( Delian League ) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC. Very little is known of the city during the Byzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity during late Antiquity , but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to

816-460: The Gulf of Fethiye off Kızılada . Of the 8 crew and 34 passengers on board, four drowned. The survivors were hosted by the residents during their stay in the town. Fethiye has experienced many powerful and occasionally destructive earthquakes, most notably the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes on 24–25 April with 67 casualties and 3,200 damaged or destroyed buildings, which constituted 90% of the buildings in

864-405: The Gulf of Güllük and to the south along the Gulf of Gökova , and to these should be added the shores of Lake Bafa in the north divided between the district area of Milas and that of Aydın district of Söke . Along with the province seat of Muğla and the province's southernmost district of Fethiye , Milas is among the prominent settlements of south-west Turkey, these three centers being on

912-462: The Ottoman Empire . At the turn of the twentieth century, according to 1912 figures, Milas' urban center had a population of 9,000, of whom some 2,900 were Greek , a thousand or so Jewish , and the remaining majority were Turkish . The Greeks of Milas were exchanged with Turks living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for the exchange of Greek and Turkish populations between the two countries, while

960-647: The Roman Civil War . In the Greco-Roman period, though the city was contested among the successors of Alexander, it enjoyed a season of brilliant prosperity, and the three neighbouring towns of Euromus , Olymos and Labranda were included within its limits. Mylasa is frequently mentioned by ancient writers. At the time of Strabo (the first century BCE), the city boasted two remarkable orators, Euthydemos (in Greek Εὐθύδημος) and Hybreas (Ὑβρέας), whose relationship gave rise to

1008-457: The beylik ( Menteşe ) that established its capital in the city. The administrative center of his descendants was the castle of Beçin located in the contemporary dependant township of the same name at a distance of 5 km (3 mi) from Milas and which was easier to defend. Milas, together with the entire Beylik of Menteşe was taken over by the Ottoman Empire in 1390. However, just twelve years later, Tamerlane and his forces overcame

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1056-400: The Gulf's end, also named Gökova, is the location of the townships of Akyaka and Gökova , with only a few kilometers separating the two. Until 1945, the hamlets across the plain were mostly marshlands ridden with malaria until that time and were collectively known as Gökabad . Consequently, the gulf and one of the settlements came to be called Gökova , a term which is often used to designate

1104-677: The Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara , and returned control of this region to its former rulers, the Menteşe Beys , as he did for other Anatolian beyliks . Milas was brought back under Ottoman control, this time in 1420 by the Sultan Mehmed I . One of the first acts of the Ottomans was to transfer the regional administrative seat to Muğla . From 1867 until 1922, Milas was part of the Aidin Vilayet of

1152-635: The abandoned Greek Orthodox church is still standing. In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of Captain Fethi Bey  [ de ] , one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force , who died (together with First Lieutenant Tayyareci Sadık Bey  [ tr ] ) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 near Al-Samra , while attempting to complete the first flight from Istanbul to Cairo . On 3 August 1953, Air France Flight 152 , while en route from Rome to Beirut , ditched into

1200-448: The accounts surrounding the beginning of the cult for and the erection of the statue of Labrandean Zeus in the neighboring sanctuary of Labranda , held sacred by peoples across western Anatolia, with the statue holding the labrys brought over by Arselis from Lydia . Labrandean Zeus ( sometimes also named "Zeus Stratios" ) was one of the three deities proper to Mylasa, all named Zeus but each bearing indigenous characteristics. Of these,

1248-564: The adage "necessary evil". Euthydemos and Hybreas were antagonistic politicians, and when Euthydemos died, Hybreas spoke at his funeral, where he noted, ”You are a necessary evil: we can live neither with you nor without you." Various inscriptions tell us that the Phrygian cults were represented here by the worship of Sabazios ; the Egyptian, by that of Isis and Osiris . There was also a temple of Nemesis . An inscription from Mylasa provided one of

1296-408: The area in which Akyaka, and not the neighboring township of Gökova, is actually prominent. The name, Gökova , (possibly derived from Cova , the designation by which the area was known in Ottoman times) is mentioned as "Djova" in some recent English navigation charts and alternatively is used for: the gulf, for the plain at the end of the same gulf, for a township situated in the same plain, and as

1344-445: The city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbor for more than 11 km, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city center is the area of Çalış Plajı (Beach), which incorporates the main street of Barış Manço Bulvarı alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To

1392-439: The compound includes two mosques , two medreses , a hamam , the remains of a Byzantine chapel as well as traces from earlier periods. At a distance of 14 km. from Milas center, set on a steep hillside and surrounded by pine forests is the ancient Carian cult center of Labranda , its name echoing once again the eponymous tradition of labrys. The ruins, including a temple, banqueting halls and tombs, were excavated by

1440-506: The cult of Zeus Carius ( Carian Zeus ) was also notable in being exclusively reserved, aside from the Carians, to their Lydian and Mysian kinsmen. One of the finest temples was also the one dedicated to Zeus Osogoa (originally, just Osogoa ), traceable to times when the Carians had been a maritime folk and which recalled to Pausanias the Acropolis of Athens . Under Achaemenid rule Mylasa

1488-526: The east, lie the areas of Günlükbaşı, Çamköy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city center is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately 4 km to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns of Kayaköy and Ölüdeniz , the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity for paragliding

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1536-455: The end of the same century. The Hecatomnids , the dynasty founded by Hecatomnus , were officially satraps of the Persian Empire but Greek in language and culture, as their inscriptions and coins witness. Mylasa was their capital and the mausoleum of Hecatomnus can still be seen today which served as an architectural precedent from which the later mausolea of the dynasty developed. During

1584-456: The entire city. The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina. On 14 January 1969, Fethiye was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2, which caused no deaths, but there were some injuries and significant damage to buildings. On 10 June 2012, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1, struck Fethiye. There was no loss of life, but there were some injuries and many houses and workplaces were damaged. Fethiye

1632-464: The few certain data about the life of Cornelius Tacitus , identifying him as governor of Asia in 112-13. Among the ancient bishops of Mylasa was Saint Ephrem (fifth century), whose feast was kept on January 23, and whose relics were venerated in neighbouring city of Leuke . Cyril and his successor, Paul, are mentioned by Nicephorus Callistus and in the Life of Saint Xene . Michel Le Quien mentioned

1680-554: The gulf's northern shore and after which the gulf was named, was also an important urban center. Across Ceramus ( Gereme ) (in the modern township of Ören  [ tr ] ), at a short distance from the gulf's southern shore and not far from its outlying waters, was another historical site of note, called Cedrae in ancient times. Cedrae was located in Sedir Island , which was prized by visitors for its beach and of which some remains still exist. The alluvial plain that extends to

1728-637: The island of Cos , then at Mylasa. Since the Fourth Crusade , Mylasa has remained a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church , Mylasensis ; the seat has been vacant since the death of the last bishop in 1966. Milas and the surrounding region (the Byzantine theme of Mylasa and Melanoudion ) was taken over by the Turks under the command of Menteşe Bey in the late thirteenth century, who gave his name to

1776-522: The long and striking reign of Mausolus , they became virtual rulers of Caria and of a sizable surrounding region between 377-352 BC. During Mausolus's reign the capital was moved to Halicarnassus , but Mylasa retained its importance. Mausolus was the builder of the famous Ancient Wonder of the World , the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus . In 40 BCE Mylasa suffered great damage when it was taken by Labienus in

1824-518: The most famous. The Kızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms. There are 41 neighbourhoods in Fethiye District: Fethiye has a Mediterranean climate consisting of hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime. Climate change is affecting the temperatures with the summers becoming hotter and drier than previously. The winters are mild and rainy with

1872-598: The name Telmessos as follows: The god Apollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King of Phoenicia , Agenor . He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights). The city became part of the Persian Empire after the invasion of the Persian general Harpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian and Carian cities. Telmessos then joined

1920-453: The name the Lycians called themselves Trmili , a theory connects the name of Mylasa with the passage of the Lycians from Miletus , also claimed to be a Lycian foundation under the name Millawanda by Ephorus , to their final home in the south. But there is nothing else to suggest a Lycian origin for the name Mylasa. Stephanus of Byzantium in his Ethnica says that the city took its name from

1968-430: The names of three other bishops, and since his time the inscriptions discovered refer to two others, one anonymous, the other named Basil, who built a church in honour of Saint Stephen . The Saint Xene referred to above was a Roman noblewoman who, to escape the marriage which her parents wished to force upon her, donned male attire, left her country, changed her name from Eusebia to Xene ("stranger"), and lived first on

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2016-465: The opening of Milas–Bodrum Airport ), tourism and culture. The centre lies about 20 km from the coast and is closer to the airport than Bodrum itself, with many late arrival passengers of the high season increasingly opting to stay in Milas rather than in Bodrum where accommodation is likely to be difficult to find. Milas district has a total coastline length of 150 km, both to the north-west in

2064-464: The sizable Jewish community remained as a presence till the 1950s, at which time they emigrated to Israel ; Jews formerly of Milas still visit frequently to this day. Milas has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ), with very hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The Mausoleum of Hecatomnus was discovered in 2010 when men were arrested for illegal digging for antiquities. A marble sarcophagus and numerous frescoes were discovered in

2112-437: The tomb, although it was believed many relics had already been taken from the tomb and sold on the black market. Recently a golden crown from the tomb has been identified and agreed to be returned to Turkey. The tomb is very important for understanding of Carian art and craftsmanship as it was built by their best architects and sculptors and was a predecessor of the magnificent Mausoleum at Halicarnassus . The walls surrounding

2160-406: The town is "Baltalıkapı" ( Gate with an axe ), a well-preserved Roman gate called as due to the eponymous double-headed axe ( labrys ) carved into a keystone. There is also a two-storied monumental Roman tomb dating from the 2nd century AD, called "Gümüşkesen" today and which gives its name to a whole quarter of Milas, and referred to as "Dystega" in some dated sources. This monument is most likely

2208-519: Was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Turkish Empire . The town grew considerably in the 19th century, and had a large Greek population at that time. Following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey , the Greeks of Makri were sent to Greece where they founded the town of Nea Makri (New Makri) in Greece . The town was resettled with Turks from Greece. At nearby Kayaköy , formerly Levissi,

2256-534: Was the capital of the Turkish principality of Menteşe. The slightly more imposing Firuz Bey Mosque was built shortly the first incorporation of Milas into the Ottoman Empire and bears the name of the city's first Ottoman administrator. Milas carpets and rugs woven of wool have been internationally famous for centuries and bear typical features. In our day, they are no longer produced in the city of Milas, but rather in

2304-625: Was the chief city of Caria. A ruler appointed by the Persian Emperor ( satrap ) ruled the city in varying degrees of allegiance to the emperor. The first dynasty of rulers under the Achaemenid Empire was the Lygdamid dynasty (520-450 BCE). Between 460-450 BC, Mylasa was a regionally prominent member of the Delian League , like most Carian cities, but the Persian rule was restored towards

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