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26-616: Lóegaire ( floruit fifth century) (reigned 428–458 AD, according to the Annals of the Four Masters of the Kingdom of Ireland)(died c. 462), also Lóeguire , is said to have been a son of Niall of the Nine Hostages . The Irish annals and king lists include him as a King of Tara or High King of Ireland . He appears as an adversary of Saint Patrick in several hagiographies . His dealings with

52-522: A record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before 1197 and died possibly after 1229. The term is often used in art history when dating the career of an artist. In this context, it denotes the period of the individual's known artistic activity, which would generally be after they had received their training and, for example, had begun signing work or being mentioned in contracts. In some cases, it can be replaced by

78-430: Is badly damaged: only 67 leaves remain and many of the texts are incomplete. It is named after an anachronistic legend that it was made from the hide of a dun cow by Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise . The manuscript is thought to be the work of three scribes, whose handwriting was distinguished by Richard Irvine Best in 1912 and identified with the letters A , M and H . A and M are believed to be contemporary. A began

104-745: Is defeated by the Fionn mac Cumhaill and the Fianna . Lóegaire's attempts to impose the Bórama , according to the later accounts, were unsuccessful. His invasion was defeated by Crimthann mac Énnai , ancestor of the Uí Cheinnselaig , near the River Barrow . Lóegaire was captured and made to swear never again to invade Leinster. This he did, swearing by the sun and moon, earth and sea, day and night, and water and air. One account of his death has it that he broke this oath. It

130-650: Is likely that the association with the Uí Cheinnselaig is a later addition as other sources say that the king of Leinster who ruled from Naas in Patrick's time belonged to the later obscure kindred of Uí Garrchon , part of the Dál Messin Corb . There are several accounts of Lóegaire's death. The Bóroma has him break his oath never again to invade Leinster. When he reaches the plain of the River Liffey near Kildare ,

156-459: Is not converted by Patrick, and is buried in the walls of Tara as his father Niall had wished. The Lebor na hUidre provides a further account of Lóegaire's conversion and death. The Bóroma or Bóroma Laigen —cattle tribute of Leinster —is the subject of a number of Middle Irish accounts. Its supposed origins are described in Tuathal Techtmar 7 Ríge na hÉrenn , part of a continuation of

182-463: Is recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters in 1106, giving us a latest possible date and location for the main body of the manuscript. Some time later, H (named for his addition of two homilies) added a number of new texts and passages, sometimes over erased portions of the original, sometimes on new leaves. Based on orthography and an English loanword , Gearóid Mac Eoin concludes that H wrote in

208-613: Is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb flōreō , flōrēre "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun flōs , flōris , "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as

234-540: The Lebor Gabála Érenn , and in the Acallam na Senórach . They are placed in the prehistoric past, in the time of Túathal Techtmar , who imposes the tribute of 5000, in other accounts 15000, cattle on the kings of Leinster as the honour price—known as éraic in early Irish law codes—for the death of his daughters. The legendary kings who follow Tuathal attempt to collect the tribute until finally Coirpre Lifechair 's attempt

260-462: The Uí Liatháin , who was pregnant with Lugaid, begged that her unborn child should be spared the curse, and this was granted in part so that Lugaid later became king. Another of his twelve sons is called Feidlimid. As well as Angias, his wives included Muirecht, daughter of Eochaid Muinremar, said to be the grandfather of Fergus Mór mac Eirc . The Cenél Lóegairi were indeed a relatively minor group in

286-623: The Irish annals, perhaps unreliable at such an early date, records war between the descendants of Niall and the Leinstermen. Although later associated with the conquests in the east midlands, Tirechán's life of Patrick may suggest that Lóegaire's power was centred in Connacht . Patrick is said to have met Lóegaire's daughters near Cruachan , a complex of prehistoric sites associated with the kingship of Connacht in legend and in history. According to king lists,

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312-702: The Irish midlands in historic times. They were subject to the Síl nÁedo Sláine kings of Brega . Their lands lay between the River Boyne and the Meath Blackwater with their main church at Trim in modern County Meath . Another branch the Muintir Talthligh, were chiefs of Uí Laoghaire of Lough Lir, a district which lay in the barony of Lurg , north of Lower Lough Erne in Fermanagh. Floruit Latin : flōruit

338-466: The annals is particularly suspect as it is believed that this was created retrospectively to match what were believed to be the dates of Saint Patrick with the kings named by Patrick's earliest hagiographers, Muirchú moccu Mactheni and Tirechán . Both writers had Patrick come to Ireland in Lóegaire's reign and meet with him. Since the annals provided two death dates for Patrick, 461 and 493, Lóegaire's reign

364-559: The compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters was completed. Its location is unknown until 1837, when it was part of a collection owned by Messrs. Hodges & Smith of College Green , Dublin, and was cited by George Petrie in an essay on the History and Antiquities of Tara Hill. The Hodges & Smith collection, 227 manuscripts in all, was purchased by the Royal Irish Academy in 1844. Joseph O'Longan's lithographic facsimile of

390-415: The earliest of which is dated on internal evidence to the reign of Fínsnechta Fledach (died 697), Niall was succeeded by Lóegaire, who was in turn followed by a second son of Niall, Coirpre , Coirpre by Ailill Molt , one of the few kings not descended from Niall, and Ailill by Lóegaire's son Lugaid. Later lists make Nath Í king between Niall and Lóegaire and also omit Coirpre. Given the many problems with

416-460: The forces of nature on which he swore kill him: the wind leaves his lungs, the sun scorches him, the earth entombs him. Another account has Lóegaire's druids prophecy that he will die between Ériu (Ireland) and Alba (Scotland). To avoid this, Lóegaire never goes to sea. This version states that he died between two hills on the Liffey plain, hills named Ére and Alba . Finally, it is said that Lóegaire

442-514: The late 12th or early 13th century. After the monastery of Clonmacnoise was broken up, the manuscript came into the possession of the O'Donnell dynasty of Donegal who held it until 1359, when it and the lost Leabhar Gearr were used to ransom members of the clan who had been taken prisoner by Cathal Óg Ó Conchobhair Sligigh (d. 3 November 1362). Áed Ruad O'Donnell recovered the manuscript in 1470, and it remained in Donegal at least until 1631, when

468-465: The manuscript and wrote the opening pages of several of the texts, which were continued by M, who Best identified as Máel Muire mac Céilechair meic Cuinn na mBocht, based on matching the handwriting with two marginal probationes pennae or pen tests, in which the scribe wrote his name. A much later note elsewhere in the manuscript names Máel Muire as the person who "wrote and compiled this book from divers[e] books". His murder by Vikings at Clonmacnoise

494-519: The manuscript was published by the RIA in 1870. A diplomatic edition by R. I. Best and Osborn Bergin ( Best & Bergin 1929 ), with the three hands distinguished by different typefaces, was published in 1929. Digital scans of the pages at the Royal Irish Academy have been published on the web by ISOS (Irish Script on Screen).( ISOS & MS 23 E 25 ) The remaining leaves of the manuscript contain

520-405: The record, the dating of Lóegaire's floruit is imprecise, estimates placing it in the second half of the fifth century, c.  450 to perhaps the late 480s. In Muirchú moccu Mactheni 's seventh century life of Patrick, Lóegaire is described as "a great king, fierce and pagan, emperor of the barbarians". After a number of attempts by Lóegaire and others to kill Patrick, Lóegaire is warned by

546-403: The saint that he must accept the faith or die. Having taken the counsel of his people, he submits and is baptised. The other early life of Patrick, by Tírechán , has it that Lóegaire remained a pagan in spite of Patrick's miracles. Lóegaire say that his father Niall would not have allowed him to convert. "Instead I am to be buried in the earthworks of Tara , I the son of Niall, face to face with

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572-410: The saint were believed to account for his descendants' lack of importance in later times. There are several accounts of his death, all of which contain supernatural elements, some of which concern his wars against Leinster . The Irish annals purport to record events in the fifth century, but their reliability is doubtful as such early entries were added in the ninth century or later. The chronology of

598-537: The son of Dúnlaing in Mullaghmast ". Tírechán, however, does allow that Patrick converts two of Lóegaire's daughters, Eithne the fair and Fedelm the red. The later Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii (Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick) again portrays a Lóegaire who schemes to kill Patrick. The lorica of Saint Patrick appears in the Vita tripartita , and it protects Patrick from one of Lóegaire's schemes. In this account Lóegaire

624-556: The words "active between [date] and [date] ", depending on context and if space or style permits. Lebor na hUidre Lebor na hUidre ( Middle Irish: [ˈl͈ʲevor nˠə ˈhuiðʲrʲə] , LU ) or the Book of the Dun Cow (MS 23 E 25) is an Irish vellum manuscript dating to the 12th century. It is the oldest extant manuscript in Irish . It is held in the Royal Irish Academy and

650-479: Was cursed by Patrick and died of it. Tiréchan's life of Patrick names two daughters of Lóegaire, Eithne the fair and Fedelm the red. Lóegaire's son Lugaid is included in all king lists. The account of Lóegaire and Patrick in An Leabhar Breac explains that Patrick cursed Lóegaire's descendants, saying that they would never hold the kingship of Tara. Lóegaire's queen, Angias , a daughter of (Ailill) Tassach, of

676-540: Was made to fit these, and in general the earlier date. For the later date, Lóegaire's son Lugaid appears to have served the same adversary role. In late prehistoric times, beginning in the fifth century, the ancestors of the Uí Néill —descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages—expanded into the east midlands of Ireland, southern Ulster and northern Leinster , at the expense of the previous overlords. The record of

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