Centrino was a brand name of Intel Corporation which represented its Wi-Fi and WiMAX wireless computer networking adapters. The brand name was first used by the company as a platform- marketing initiative. The change of the meaning of the brand name occurred on January 7, 2010. The Centrino name for laptops was replaced by the Ultrabook .
67-465: The old platform-marketing brand name covered a particular combination of mainboard chipset , mobile CPU and wireless network interface in the design of a laptop . Intel claimed that systems equipped with these technologies delivered better performance, longer battery life and broader wireless network interoperability than non-Centrino systems. The product line name for Intel wireless products became Intel Centrino Wireless in 2010. The Centrino brand
134-428: A scheduling algorithm for which the subscriber station needs to compete only once for initial entry into the network. After network entry is allowed, the subscriber station is allocated an access slot by the base station. The time slot can enlarge and contract, but remains assigned to the subscriber station, which means that other subscribers cannot use it. In addition to being stable under overload and over-subscription,
201-555: A system on chip (SoC) used in a mobile phone. In computing , the term chipset commonly refers to a set of specialized chips on a computer 's motherboard or an expansion card . In personal computers , the first chipset for the IBM PC AT of 1984 was the NEAT chipset developed by Chips and Technologies for the Intel 80286 CPU. In home computers , game consoles, and arcade hardware of
268-569: A 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Silverthorne ) which can run up to 2.0 GHz and a System Controller Hub (codenamed Poulsbo ) which includes Intel HD Audio (codenamed Azalia ). This platform was initially branded as Centrino Atom but the logo was dropped in August 2008; the logo had caused confusion between laptop and MID with previous marketing of Centrino stating only Intel chipsets are being used. Hence MIDs will be branded as Atom to allow integration with other OEM chipsets for
335-562: A 53 W-h battery. The codename Napa designates the third-generation Centrino platform, introduced in January 2006 at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show . The platform initially supported Intel Core Duo processors but the newer Core 2 Duo processors were launched and supported in this platform from July 27, 2006 onwards. Intel uses Centrino Duo branding for laptops with dual- core Core Duo processors and retains
402-437: A chipset; it only continues to be present for interfacing with low speed I/O. AMD server CPUs adopt a self contained system on chip design instead which doesn't require a chipset. The northbridge to southbridge interconnect interfaces used now are DMI ( Intel ) and UMI ( AMD ). These can also be used for connecting from a processor to a chipset. WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access ( WiMAX )
469-492: A half duplex FDD, that allows for a low cost implementation. Devices that provide connectivity to a WiMAX network are known as subscriber stations (SS). Portable units include handsets (similar to cellular smartphones ); PC peripherals (PC Cards or USB dongles); and embedded devices in laptops, which are now available for Wi-Fi services. In addition, there is much emphasis by operators on consumer electronics devices such as Gaming consoles, MP3 players and similar devices. WiMAX
536-564: A mix of 2.5 GHz, 3.3 GHz and other frequencies. Pakistan 's Wateen Telecom uses 3.5 GHz. Analog TV bands (700 MHz) may become available, but await the complete digital television transition , and other uses have been suggested for that spectrum. In the USA the FCC auction for this spectrum began in January 2008 and, as a result, the biggest share of the spectrum went to Verizon Wireless and
603-406: A more robust mode (burst profile) which means fewer bits per OFDM/SOFDMA symbol; with the advantage that power per bit is higher and therefore simpler accurate signal processing can be performed. Burst profiles are used inverse (algorithmically dynamic) to low signal attenuation; meaning throughput between clients and the base station is determined largely by distance. Maximum distance is achieved by
670-524: A pooling of an average of 120 MHz of spectrum and merged with Clearwire to market the service. The new company hoped to benefit from combined services offerings and network resources as a springboard past its competitors. The cable companies were expected to provide media services to other partners while gaining access to the wireless network as a Mobile virtual network operator to provide triple-play services. Some wireless industry analysts, such as Ken Dulaney and Todd Kort at Gartner, were skeptical how
737-660: A service marketed in Korea. Mobile WiMAX (originally based on 802.16e-2005) is the revision that was deployed in many countries and is the basis for future revisions such as 802.16m-2011. WiMAX was sometimes referred to as "Wi-Fi on steroids" and can be used for a number of applications including broadband connections, cellular backhaul , hotspots , etc. It is similar to Long-range Wi-Fi , but it can enable usage at much greater distances. The scalable physical layer architecture that allows for data rate to scale easily with available channel bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for
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#1732851046644804-447: A single threaded application is running, the CPU can turn off one of its cores and overclock the active core. In this way the CPU maintains the same Thermal Profile as it would when both cores are active. Santa Rosa performs well as a mobile gaming platform due to its ability to switch between single threaded and multithreaded tasks. Other power savings come from an Enhanced Sleep state where both
871-454: A sys-admin to remotely access the laptop when the system is asleep or laptop power is off. It is targeted more for businesses than consumers. Laptops with vPro have the typical dual-core or quad-core processor and wireless features of the Centrino family. Chipset In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components on one or more integrated circuits that manages
938-446: A traditional northbridge to do so. Intel followed suit in 2008 with the release of its Core i series CPUs and the X58 platform. In newer processors integration has further increased, primarily through the inclusion of the system's primary PCIe controller and integrated graphics directly on the CPU itself. As fewer functions are left un-handled by the processor, chipset vendors have condensed
1005-556: Is a backwards-compatible transition from previous WiMAX generations. It is compatible and interoperable with TD-LTE . Newer versions, still backward compatible, include WiMAX release 2.2 (2014) and WiMAX release 3 (2021, adds interoperation with 5G NR ). WiMAX refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.16 family of wireless-networks standards ratified by the WiMAX Forum. (Similarly, Wi-Fi refers to interoperable implementations of
1072-453: Is a family of wireless broadband communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which provide physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) options. The WiMAX Forum was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability, including the definition of system profiles for commercial vendors. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling
1139-406: Is done automatically then the practical deployment should avoid high interference and multipath environments. The reason for which is obviously that too much interference causes the network to function poorly and can also misrepresent the capability of the network. The system is complex to deploy as it is necessary to track not only the signal strength and CINR (as in systems like GSM ) but also how
1206-607: Is more similar to Wi-Fi than to other 3G cellular technologies. The WiMAX Forum website provides a list of certified devices. However, this is not a complete list of devices available as certified modules are embedded into laptops, MIDs ( Mobile Internet devices ), and other private labeled devices. WiMAX gateway devices are available as both indoor and outdoor versions from manufacturers including Vecima Networks , Alvarion , Airspan , ZyXEL , Huawei , and Motorola . The list of WiMAX networks and WiMAX Forum provide more links to specific vendors, products and installations. Many of
1273-443: Is now economically viable to provide last-mile broadband Internet access in remote locations. Mobile WiMAX was a replacement candidate for cellular phone technologies such as GSM and CDMA , or can be used as an overlay to increase capacity. Fixed WiMAX is also considered as a wireless backhaul technology for 2G , 3G , and 4G networks in both developed and developing nations. In North America, backhaul for urban operations
1340-450: Is to move to the later standard (e.g., Fixed WiMAX to Mobile WiMAX). The original version of the standard on which WiMAX is based ( IEEE 802.16 ) specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to 66 GHz range. 802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004, added specifications for the 2 to 11 GHz range. 802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-2005 in 2005 and uses scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (SOFDMA), as opposed to
1407-451: Is typically provided via one or more copper wire line connections, whereas remote cellular operations are sometimes backhauled via satellite. In other regions, urban and rural backhaul is usually provided by microwave links . (The exception to this is where the network is operated by an incumbent with ready access to the copper network.) WiMAX has more substantial backhaul bandwidth requirements than legacy cellular applications. Consequently,
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#17328510466441474-474: The IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standards certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance .) WiMAX Forum certification allows vendors to sell fixed or mobile products as WiMAX certified, thus ensuring a level of interoperability with other certified products, as long as they fit the same profile. The original IEEE 802.16 standard (now called "Fixed WiMAX") was published in 2001. WiMAX adopted some of its technology from WiBro ,
1541-714: The NCR 53C9x , a low-cost chipset implementing a SCSI interface to storage devices, could be found in Unix machines such as the MIPS Magnum , embedded devices, and personal computers. Traditionally in x86 computers, the processor's primary connection to the rest of the machine was through the motherboard chipset's northbridge. The northbridge was directly responsible for communications with high-speed devices (system memory and primary expansion buses, such as PCIe, AGP, and PCI cards, being common examples) and conversely any system communication back to
1608-413: The data flow between the processor , memory and peripherals . The chipset is usually found on the motherboard of computers. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors . Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance . Sometimes the term "chipset" is used to describe
1675-498: The 1980s and 1990s, the term chipset was used for the custom audio and graphics chips. Examples include the Original Amiga chipset and Sega 's System 16 chipset. In x86 -based personal computers, the term chipset often refers to a specific pair of chips on the motherboard: the northbridge and the southbridge . The northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially RAM and graphics controllers , and
1742-602: The 1990s, a major designer and manufacturer of chipsets was VLSI Technology in Tempe, Arizona. Some of their innovations included the integration of PCI bridge logic, the GraphiCore 2D graphics accelerator and direct support for synchronous DRAM, the forerunner of DDR SDRAM memory. The Apple Macintosh SE , Macintosh II and later the Quadras series used chipsets from VLSI Technology , even though they were ASICs designed by Apple. After
1809-591: The 855GME and 855PM chips, which did support external graphics, in Centrino laptops . Despite criticisms, the Carmel platform won quick acceptance among OEMs and consumers. Carmel could attain or exceed the performance of older Pentium 4-M platforms, while allowing for laptops to operate for 4 to 5 hours on a 48 W-h battery. Carmel also allowed laptop manufacturers to create thinner and lighter laptops because its components did not dissipate much heat, and thus did not require large cooling systems. Intel used Sonoma as
1876-473: The CPU cores and the chipset will power down. The wireless chipset update was originally intended to include WWAN Internet access via HSDPA (3.5G), (codenamed Windigo ) co-developed with Nokia . After announcing a working partnership, both later retracted the deal citing the lack of a clear business case for the technology. Support for WiMAX (802.16) was originally scheduled for inclusion in Santa Rosa but
1943-564: The CPU die itself (the chipset often contains secondary PCIe connections though). However, the Platform Controller Hub was also integrated into the processor package as a second die for mobile variants of the Skylake processors. AMD's FCH has been discontinued since the release of the Carrizo series of CPUs as it has been integrated into the same die as the rest of the CPU. However, since
2010-431: The Centrino name for laptops with single core ( Core Solo ) processors. Some of the initial Core Duo laptops are still labeled as Intel Centrino rather than Centrino Duo. The codename Santa Rosa refers to the fourth-generation Centrino platform, which was released on Thursday May 10, 2007. The Santa Rosa platform comes with dynamic acceleration technology, allowing single threaded applications to execute faster. When
2077-540: The IEEE had not finalized the 802.11g standard at the time of Carmel's announcement. In early 2004, after the finalization of the 802.11g standard, Intel permitted an Intel PRO/Wireless 2200 BG to substitute for the 2100. At the same time, they permitted the new Dothan Pentium M to substitute for the Banias Pentium M. Initially, Intel permitted only the 855GM chipset, which did not support external graphics. Later, Intel allowed
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2144-521: The IMT-2000 set of standards. This enables spectrum owners (specifically in the 2.5–2.69 GHz band at this stage) to use WiMAX equipment in any country that recognizes the IMT-2000. WiMAX cannot deliver 70 Mbit/s over 50 km (31 mi). Like all wireless technologies, WiMAX can operate at higher bitrates or over longer distances but not both. Operating at the maximum range of 50 km (31 mi) increases bit error rate and thus results in
2211-595: The North American region in terms of 4G broadband wireless subscribers. There were around 1.7 million pre-WiMAX and WiMAX customers in Asia – 29% of the overall market – compared to 1.4 million in the US and Canada. The WiMAX Forum has proposed an architecture that defines how a WiMAX network can be connected with an IP based core network, which is typically chosen by operators that serve as Internet Service Providers (ISP); Nevertheless,
2278-473: The RF signal travels through. Modulation is chosen to be more spectrally efficient (more bits per OFDM / SOFDMA symbol). That is, when the bursts have a high signal strength and a high carrier to noise plus interference ratio (CINR), they can be more easily decoded using digital signal processing (DSP). In contrast, operating in less favorable environments for RF communication, the system automatically steps down to
2345-465: The WiMAX BS provide seamless integration capabilities with other types of architectures as with packet switched Mobile Networks. The WiMAX forum proposal defines a number of components, plus some of the interconnections (or reference points) between these, labeled R1 to R5 and R8: The functional architecture can be designed into various hardware configurations rather than fixed configurations. For example,
2412-551: The WiMAX Forum published three licensed spectrum profiles: 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, in an effort to drive standardisation and decrease cost. In the US, the biggest segment available was around 2.5 GHz, and is already assigned, primarily to Sprint Nextel and Clearwire . Elsewhere in the world, the most-likely bands used will be the Forum approved ones, with 2.3 GHz probably being most important in Asia. Some countries in Asia like India and Indonesia will use
2479-462: The WiMAX gateways that are offered by manufactures such as these are stand-alone self-install indoor units. Such devices typically sit near the customer's window with the best signal, and provide: Indoor gateways are convenient, but radio losses mean that the subscriber may need to be significantly closer to the WiMAX base station than with professionally installed external units. Outdoor units are roughly
2546-744: The WiMAX technology due to financial circumstances, instead, along with its network partner Clearwire , Sprint Nextel rolled out a 4G network having decided to shift and utilize LTE 4G technology instead. WiMAX is based upon IEEE 802.16e-2005 , approved in December 2005. It is a supplement to the IEEE Std 802.16-2004, and so the actual standard is 802.16-2004 as amended by 802.16e-2005. Thus, these specifications need to be considered together. IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by: SOFDMA (used in 802.16e-2005) and OFDM256 (802.16d) are not compatible thus equipment will have to be replaced if an operator
2613-401: The architecture is flexible enough to allow remote/mobile stations of varying scale and functionality and Base Stations of varying size – e.g. femto, pico, and mini BS as well as macros. WiMAX 2.1 and above can be integrated with a LTE TDD network and perform handovers from/to LTE TDD. WiMAX 3 expands the integration to 5G NR . There is no uniform global licensed spectrum for WiMAX, however
2680-424: The available frequencies will be dynamically assigned (resulting in dynamic changes to the available bandwidth.) This could lead to cluttered frequencies with slow response times or lost frames. As a result, the system has to be initially designed in consensus with the base station product team to accurately project frequency use, interference, and general product functionality. The Asia-Pacific region has surpassed
2747-561: The codename for the second-generation Centrino platform, introduced in January 2005 . The Mobile 915 Express chipset, like its desktop version, supports many new features such as DDR2 , PCI Express , Intel High Definition Audio , and SATA . Unfortunately, the introduction of PCI Express and faster Pentium M processors causes laptops built around the Sonoma platform to have a shorter battery-life than their Carmel counterparts; Sonoma laptops typically achieve between 3.5–4.6 hours of battery-life on
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2814-531: The deal would work out: Although fixed-mobile convergence had been a recognized factor in the industry, prior attempts to form partnerships among wireless and cable companies had generally failed to lead to significant benefits for the participants. Other analysts at IDC favored the deal, pointing out that as wireless progresses to higher bandwidth, it inevitably competes more directly with cable, DSL and fiber, inspiring competitors into collaboration. Also, as wireless broadband networks grow denser and usage habits shift,
2881-474: The delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL ". IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced was a candidate for 4G , in competition with the LTE Advanced standard. WiMAX was initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. WiMAX release 2.1, popularly branded as WiMAX 2+ ,
2948-462: The fiber network itself. WiMAX directly supports the technologies that make triple-play service offerings possible (such as quality of service and multicast ). These are inherent to the WiMAX standard rather than being added on as carrier Ethernet is to Ethernet . On May 7, 2008, in the United States, Sprint Nextel , Google , Intel , Comcast , Bright House , and Time Warner announced
3015-830: The first WiMAX enabled mobile phone , the Max 4G , on November 12, 2008. The device was only available to certain markets in Russia on the Yota network until 2010. HTC and Sprint Nextel released the second WiMAX enabled mobile phone, the HTC Evo 4G , March 23, 2010 at the CTIA conference in Las Vegas. The device, made available on June 4, 2010, is capable of both EV-DO(3G) and WiMAX(pre-4G) as well as simultaneous data & voice sessions. Sprint Nextel announced at CES 2012 that it will no longer be offering devices using
3082-474: The fixed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) version with 256 sub-carriers (of which 200 are used) in 802.16d. More advanced versions, including 802.16e, also bring multiple antenna support through MIMO . (See WiMAX MIMO ) This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. WiMax is the most energy-efficient pre-4G technique among LTE and HSPA+ . The WiMAX MAC uses
3149-436: The following potential applications: WiMAX can provide at-home or mobile Internet access across whole cities or countries. In many cases, this has resulted in competition in markets which typically only had access through an existing incumbent DSL (or similar) operator. Additionally, given the relatively low costs associated with the deployment of a WiMAX network (in comparison with 3G , HSDPA , xDSL , HFC or FTTx ), it
3216-451: The interface between a northbridge and southbridge was the PCI bus. Before 2003, any interaction between a CPU and main memory or an expansion device such as a graphics card(s) — whether AGP , PCI or integrated into the motherboard — was directly controlled by the northbridge IC on behalf of the processor. This made processor performance highly dependent on the system chipset, especially
3283-443: The low-end market. Intel Centrino Wireless was the brand for Intel Wi-Fi and WiMAX adapters from 2010 to 2013. The product line included: Laptops with Intel vPro technology have hardware features that allow a system administrator to remotely access wired and wireless laptops for maintenance and servicing if the operating system is unresponsive or crashed and, when a laptop is connected to AC power (not on battery power), allow
3350-600: The mobile profiles are TDD only. The fixed profiles have channel sizes of 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 7 MHz and 10 MHz. The mobile profiles are 5 MHz, 8.75 MHz and 10 MHz. (Note: the 802.16 standard allows a far wider variety of channels, but only the above subsets are supported as WiMAX profiles.) Since October 2007, the Radio communication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) has decided to include WiMAX technology in
3417-667: The need for increased backhaul and media services accelerate, therefore the opportunity to leverage high bandwidth assets was expected to increase. The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (AeroMACS) is a wireless broadband network for the airport surface intended to link the control tower, aircraft, and fixed assets. In 2007, AeroMACS obtained a worldwide frequency allocation in the 5 GHz aviation band. As of 2018, there were 25 AeroMACS deployments in 8 countries, with at least another 25 deployments planned. IEEE 802.16REVd and IEEE 802.16e standards support both time-division duplexing and frequency-division duplexing as well as
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#17328510466443484-496: The next biggest to AT&T. Both of these companies stated their intention of supporting LTE , a technology which competes directly with WiMAX. EU commissioner Viviane Reding has suggested re-allocation of 500–800 MHz spectrum for wireless communication, including WiMAX. WiMAX profiles define channel size, TDD/FDD and other necessary attributes in order to have interoperating products. The current fixed profiles are defined for both TDD and FDD profiles. At this point, all of
3551-541: The ninth-generation Centrino platform. Jon Worrel predicted in 2012 that Shark Bay would comprise a single Multi-Chip Module (MCM) package. On March 2, 2008, Intel introduced the Intel Atom processor brand for a new family of low-power processor platforms. The components have thin, small designs and work together to "enable the best mobile computing and Internet experience" on mobile and low-power devices. Intel's second generation MID platform (codenamed Menlow ) contains
3618-450: The northbridge's memory performance and ability to shuttle this information back to the processor. In 2003, however, AMD's introduction of the Athlon 64 series of processors changed this. The Athlon 64 marked the introduction of an integrated memory controller being incorporated into the processor itself thus allowing the processor to directly access and handle memory, negating the need for
3685-532: The processor. This connection between the processor and northbridge is commonly designated the front-side bus (FSB). Requests to resources not directly controlled by the northbridge were offloaded to the southbridge, with the northbridge being an intermediary between the processor and the southbridge. The southbridge handled "everything else", generally lower-speed peripherals and board functions (the largest being hard disk and storage connectivity) such as USB, parallel and serial communications. In 1990s and early 2000s,
3752-515: The release of the Zen architecture, there's still a component called a chipset which only handles relatively low speed I/O such as USB and SATA ports and connects to the CPU with a PCIe connection. In these systems all PCIe connections are routed directly to the CPU. The UMI interface previously used by AMD for communicating with the FCH is replaced with a PCIe connection. Technically the processor can operate without
3819-452: The release of the platform until at least October 2009 (Q4 2009) to allow OEM partners to clear excess inventory of existing chips. This was believed to be spurred by the lowered demand due to unfavorable economic conditions throughout 2009 . The codename "Huron River" refers to the seventh-generation Centrino platform. The codename Chief River refers to the eighth-generation Centrino platform. The codename Shark Bay refers to
3886-445: The remaining northbridge and southbridge functions into a single chip. Intel's version of this is the " Platform Controller Hub " (PCH) while AMD's version was called Fusion Controller Hub (FCH). The PCH is still called a chipset. This is an enhanced southbridge for the remaining peripherals—as traditional northbridge duties, such as memory controller, expansion bus (PCIe) interface and even on-board video controller, are integrated into
3953-423: The scheduling algorithm can also be more bandwidth efficient. The scheduling algorithm also allows the base station to control QoS parameters by balancing the time-slot assignments among the application needs of the subscriber station. As a standard intended to satisfy needs of next-generation data networks ( 4G ), WiMAX is distinguished by its dynamic burst algorithm modulation adaptive to the physical environment
4020-606: The size of a laptop PC, and their installation is comparable to the installation of a residential satellite dish . A higher- gain directional outdoor unit will generally result in greatly increased range and throughput but with the obvious loss of practical mobility of the unit. USB can provide connectivity to a WiMAX network through a dongle . Generally these devices are connected to a notebook or net book computer. Dongles typically have omnidirectional antennas which are of lower gain compared to other devices. As such these devices are best used in areas of good coverage. HTC announced
4087-421: The southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses (such as PCI or ISA ). In many modern chipsets, the southbridge contains some on-chip integrated peripherals , such as Ethernet , USB , and audio devices. Motherboards and their chipsets often come from different manufacturers. As of 2021 , manufacturers of chipsets for x86 motherboards include AMD , Intel , VIA Technologies and Zhaoxin . In
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#17328510466444154-506: The switch to PowerPC , Apple used various ASIC suppliers for their chipsets such as VLSI technology, Texas Instruments , LSI Logic or Lucent Technologies (later known as Agere Systems ). When Apple switched to Intel they used traditional PC chipsets. In the 1980s, Chips and Technologies pioneered the manufacturing of chipsets for PC-compatible computers. Computer systems produced since then often share commonly used chipsets, even across widely disparate computing specialties. For example,
4221-458: The use of the most robust burst setting; that is, the profile with the largest MAC frame allocation trade-off requiring more symbols (a larger portion of the MAC frame) to be allocated in transmitting a given amount of data than if the client were closer to the base station. The client's MAC frame and their individual burst profiles are defined as well as the specific time allocation. However, even if this
4288-561: The use of wireless microwave backhaul is on the rise in North America and existing microwave backhaul links in all regions are being upgraded. Capacities of between 34 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s are routinely being deployed with latencies in the order of 1 ms. In many cases, operators are aggregating sites using wireless technology and then presenting traffic on to fiber networks where convenient. WiMAX in this application competes with microwave radio , E-line and simple extension of
4355-521: Was delayed until July 15, due to problems with integrated graphics and wireless certification. It is branded as Centrino 2 vPro when combined with built-in security and manageability features technologies. The codename Calpella refers to the sixth-generation Centrino platform. Though originally scheduled to premiere in Q3 2009 with the second iteration of Nehalem processors, Intel had stated that due to pressure from computer manufacturers, they would delay
4422-464: Was later delayed until Montevina in 2008. It is branded as " Centrino Pro " when combined with the enhanced security technologies Intel introduced with vPro and " Centrino Duo " when they are not used. The codename Montevina refers to the fifth-generation Centrino platform, now formally named Centrino 2 to avoid confusion with previous Centrino platforms. It was scheduled for release at Computex Taipei 2008, which took place on June 3–7, 2008, but
4489-478: Was ultimately discontinued in 2013. Technology Wireless Products Intel used " Carmel " as the codename for the first-generation Centrino platform, introduced in March 2003 . Industry-watchers initially criticized the Carmel platform for its lack of support for IEEE 802.11g , because many independent Wi-Fi chip-makers like Broadcom and Atheros had already started shipping 802.11g products. Intel responded that
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