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56-465: The Central Theater was built in Ely, Nevada from 1939 to 1941. The Art Deco style cinema was built by Percy and Warren Hull after they were denied permission to expand Ely's Capital Theater , which opened in 1916. Originally it was built as a 725-seat theater. The Central is unusual in a town where most of the structures were built in the boom times of the early 20th century. The one story building features

112-485: A Vermont native who financed one of the city's early mineral operations; and John Ely, an Illinois native who came to Nevada for mining. Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route . Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50 , with the discovery of copper in 1906. This made Ely a mining town, suffering through the boom-and-bust cycles so common in

168-460: A less flat terrain. Valley fills are pads situated at valley bottoms or levels that can hold everything falling into it. On/off pads involve putting significantly larger loads on the pads and removing and reloading it after every cycle. Many of these mines which previously had digging depths of about 15 meters are digging deeper than ever before to mine materials, approximately 50 meters, sometimes more, which means that, in order to accommodate all of

224-422: A more complete representative characterization of the physicochemical properties of the heap environment is obtained. This improved understanding results in a significantly higher degree of accuracy in terms of creating a truly representative sample of the environment within the heap. By adhering to the characterization identified above, a more comprehensive view of heap leach environments can be realized, allowing

280-631: A planned renovation by Lani and Purinton. The 2016 film, The Dark Hand , includes scenes shot at the Central Theater, where the film was later premiered. This article about a property in Nevada on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ely, Nevada Ely ( / ˈ iː l i / , EE -lee ) is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County , Nevada , United States. Ely

336-404: A process plant to recover the target mineral and in some cases precipitate other minerals, and recycled to the heap after reagent levels are adjusted. Ultimate recovery of the target mineral can range from 30% of contained run-of-mine dump leaching sulfide copper ores to over 90% for the ores that are easiest to leach, some oxide gold ores. The essential questions to address during the process of

392-404: A surface was placed on the cushioning (Thiel and Smith 2004). In addition, some liners, depending on their composition, may react with salts in the soil as well as acid from the chemical leaching to affect the successfulness of the liner. This can be amplified over time. Heap leach mining works well for large volumes of low grade ores, as reduced metallurgical treatment (comminution) of the ore

448-461: A vertical CENTRAL neon sign over the marquee. The interior features curved surfaces and is in a good state of preservation. Construction began in 1939, with an ultimate cost of $ 80,000. The Central held its grand opening on March 29, 1941, with Arizona as its opening show. The Central was advertised as "The Finest Theater in Eastern Nevada." The Central Theater closed on February 4, 1993, and

504-662: A wholly owned subsidiary of BHP; Vale in Brazil; and European Nickel for the rock laterite deposits of Turkey, Talvivaara mine in Finland, the Balkans, and the Philippines. There currently are no operating commercial scale nickel laterite heap leach operations, but there is a sulphide HL operating in Finland. Nickel recovery from the leach solutions is much more complex than for copper and requires various stages of iron and magnesium removal, and

560-436: Is a popular lodging, dining, gaming, and tourist stop. The long stretch of road on State Route 318 near Ely is known for the annual 90 miles (140 km) Silver State Classic Challenge course, an authorized time-trial Cannonball Run -style race that attracts entries from all over the world. The Ely Renaissance Society is responsible for more than 20 outdoor murals and sculptures in the downtown area. Artists from all over

616-487: Is affected by the changes made to mined lands—either public or private—that could eventually lead to problems in social structure, identity, and physical health (Franks 2009). Many have argued that by cycling mine power through local citizens, this disagreement can be alleviated, since both interest groups would have shared and equal voice and understanding in future goals. However, it is often difficult to match corporate mining interests with local social interests, and money

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672-502: Is an acid heap leaching method like that of the copper method in that it utilises sulfuric acid instead of cyanide solution to dissolve the target minerals from crushed ore. The amount of sulfuric acid required is much higher than for copper ores, as high as 1,000 kg of acid per tonne of ore, but 500 kg is more common. The method was originally patented by Australian miner BHP and is being commercialized by Cerro Matoso in Colombia,

728-458: Is an essential part of most copper mining operations and determines the quality grade of the produced material along with other factors Due to the profitability that the dump leaching has on the mining process, i.e. it can contribute substantially to the economic viability of the mining process, it is advantageous to include the results of the leaching operation in the economic overall project evaluation. The process has ancient origins; one of

784-641: Is commercializing this technology in Namibia and Australia ; the French nuclear fuel company Orano , in Niger with two mines and Namibia; and several other companies are studying its feasibility. The final product is yellowcake and requires significant further processing to produce fuel-grade feed. While most mining companies have shifted from a previously accepted sprinkler method to the percolation of slowly dripping choice chemicals including cyanide or sulfuric acid closer to

840-406: Is often a deciding factor in the successes of any disagreements. If communities are able to feel like they have a valid understanding and power in issues concerning their local environment and society, they are more likely to tolerate and encourage the positive benefits that come with mining, as well as more effectively promote alternative methods to heap leach mining using their intimate knowledge of

896-437: Is required in order to extract an equivalent amount of minerals when compared to milling. The significantly reduced processing costs are offset by the reduced yield of usually approximately 60-70%. The amount of overall environmental impact caused by heap leaching is often lower than more traditional techniques. It also requires less energy consumption to use this method, which many consider to be an environmental alternative. In

952-580: Is subject to the requirements of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act . One solution proposed to reclamation problems is the privatization of the land to be mined (Woody et al. 2011). With the rise of the environmentalist movement has also come an increased appreciation for social justice, and mining has showed similar trends lately. Societies located near potential mining sites are at increased risk to be subjected to injustices as their environment

1008-486: The Ghost Train of Old Ely . As of the 2020 census , the population was 3,924. In 1878, Vermont resident J. W. Long came to White Pine County and soon set up a camp known as "Ely", after discovering gold . The name "Ely" has been credited to several possible origins: Long's hometown of Ely , Vermont; a New York Congressman with the surname Ely, who sent Long as a representative according to local historians; Smith Ely,

1064-504: The Merrill-Crowe process where zinc powder is added to cause a precipitation of gold and zinc. The fine product can be either doré (gold-silver bars) or zinc-gold sludge that is then refined elsewhere. The method is similar to the cyanide method above, except sulfuric acid is used to dissolve copper from its ores. The acid is recycled from the solvent extraction circuit (see solvent extraction-electrowinning , SX/EW) and reused on

1120-597: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.1 square miles (18 km ), all of it land. Ely experiences a semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ), and extreme day-night temperature differences year-round. Ely's nighttime temperatures account for it being listed as one of the coldest places in the contiguous United States , with an average of 214.9 nights per year with a minimum temperature of 32 °F (0 °C) or less, 15.7 nights reaching 0 °F (−17.8 °C) or less, and 21.7 days when

1176-489: The Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park , and the state parks of Lincoln County, Nevada . The open spaces around Ely are popular with hikers, mountain bikers and cross country skiers. Ely was the host of the 2016 National Speleological Society 's annual convention. The Bureau of Land Management , operates an area supporting an elk herd south of town. The Ely Elk Viewing Area offers visitors

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1232-640: The Ghost Train of Old Ely, a working steam-engine passenger train that travels the historic tracks from Ely to the Robinson mining district. Ely is the nearest city to the proposed site of the Clock of the Long Now on Mount Washington . The historic six-story Hotel Nevada and Gambling Hall is in downtown Ely. Opened in 1929, it was the tallest building in Nevada until 1931 and was the state's first fire-proof building. It

1288-722: The United States, the General Mining Law of 1872 gave rights to explore and mine on public domain land; the original law did not require post-mining reclamation (Woody et al. 2011). Mined land reclamation requirements on federal land depended on state requirements until the passage of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act in 1976. Currently, mining on federal land must have a government-approved mining and reclamation plan before mining can start. Reclamation bonds are required. Mining on either federal, state, or private land

1344-719: The United States. Ely has a public library , a branch of the White Pine County Library. Ely is part of the White Pine County School District . Ely's local newspaper is The Bristlecone Tribune . Ely has two local radio stations: KDSS (92.7 FM) White Pine Counties ONLY Music station, and KELY (1230 AM). KELY is heard across much of rural Nevada as the flagship of the Nevada Talk Network. [REDACTED] Ely travel guide from Wikivoyage Heap leaching Additionally, dump leaching

1400-460: The West. Originally, Ely was home to a number of copper mining companies, Kennecott Utah Copper being the most famous. With a crash in the copper market in the mid-1970s, Kennecott shut down and copper mining disappeared (temporarily). With the advent of cyanide heap leaching —a method of extracting gold from what was previously considered very low-grade ore—the next boom was on. Many companies processed

1456-492: The actual ore bed, heap leach pads have not changed too much throughout the years. There are still four main categories of pads: conventional, dump leach, valley fills, and on/off pads. Typically, each pad only has a single, geomembrane liner for each pad, with a minimum thickness of 1.5mm, usually thicker. The conventional pads simplest in design are used for mostly flat or gentle areas and hold thinner layers of crushed ore. Dump leach pads hold more ore and can usually handle

1512-410: The added benefit of being able to pre-mix the leaching solution with the ore fines to achieve a more concentrated, homogeneous mixture and allow the leach to begin prior to the heap. Although heap leach design has made significant progress over the last few years through the use of new materials and improved analytical tools, industrial experience shows that there are significant benefits from extending

1568-401: The average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96 males. The median income for a household in the city

1624-562: The classical methods for the manufacture of copperas (iron sulfate) was to heap up iron pyrite and collect the leachate from the heap, which was then boiled with iron to produce iron(II) sulfate . The mined ore is usually crushed into small chunks and heaped on an impermeable plastic or clay lined leach pad where it can be irrigated with a leach solution to dissolve the valuable metals. While sprinklers are occasionally used for irrigation, more often operations use drip irrigation to minimize evaporation , provide more uniform distribution of

1680-421: The design process beyond the liner and into the rock pile itself. Characterization of the physical and hydraulic (hydrodynamic) properties of ore-for-leach focuses on the direct measurement of the key properties of the ore, namely: Theoretical and numerical analysis, and operational data show that these fundamental mechanisms are controlled by scale, dimensionality, and heterogeneity, all of which adversely affect

1736-533: The driest 1974 with 4.22 inches (107.2 mm), though as much as 18.20 inches or 462.3 millimetres fell from July 1982 to June 1983. The most precipitation in one month was 5.52 inches (140.2 mm) in April 1900, and the most in 24 hours was 2.52 inches (64.0 mm) on September 26, 1982. Average annual snowfall is 54.1 inches (1.37 m), while the most snowfall in one month was 42.0 inches (1.07 m) in March 1894, and

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1792-424: The elevation and aridity, the low very rarely manages to stay at or above 60 °F or 16 °C. Extreme temperatures ranged from 101 °F (38.3 °C) on July 18, 1998 down to −30 °F (−34.4 °C) on February 6, 1989. On average, annual precipitation is 9.41 inches (239 mm), with 72.9 days of measurable precipitation annually. The wettest calendar year is 1897 with 17.20 inches (436.9 mm) and

1848-481: The environment, after treatment, posing possible water pollution if treatment is not properly carried out. The production of one gold ring through this method, can generate 20 tons of waste material. During the extraction phase, the gold ions form complex ions with the cyanide: Recuperation of the gold is readily achieved with a redox -reaction: The most common methods to remove the gold from solution are either using activated carbon to selectively absorb it, or

1904-472: The greatest depth of snow on the ground 24 inches or 0.61 metres on January 23, 2010 – though data from neighboring Elko suggest greater depths in the winters of 1889/1890, 1915/1916 and 1931/1932. An average winter will see a maximum snow cover of 9 inches or 0.23 metres, though the severe winter of 1951/1952 had fifty days with snow cover over 10 inches or 0.25 metres. The most snowfall in a season has been 110.4 inches (2.80 m) from July 2010 to June 2011 and

1960-575: The ground being displaced, pads will have to hold higher weights from more crushed ore being contained in a smaller area (Lupo 2010). With that increase in build up comes in potential for decrease in yield or ore quality, as well as potential either weak spots in the lining or areas of increased pressure buildup. This build up still has the potential to lead to punctures in the liner. As of 2004 cushion fabrics, which could reduce potential punctures and their leaking, were still being debated due to their tendency to increase risks if too much weight on too large

2016-468: The heap leaching are: In recent years, the addition of an agglomeration drum has improved on the heap leaching process by allowing for a more efficient leach. The rotary drum agglomerator works by taking the crushed ore fines and agglomerating them into more uniform particles. This makes it much easier for the leaching solution to percolate through the pile, making its way through the channels between particles. The addition of an agglomeration drum also has

2072-751: The high does not top freezing. On average, the first and last dates of freezing temperatures are September 8 and June 18, respectively, allowing a growing season of only 79 days. Frosts have occurred in every month, even July. The diurnal temperature range of Ely is so great due to its elevation, dry air, clear skies, and location in a valley, allowing for intense radiative cooling at sunset, even after hot summer days. The monthly mean temperature ranges from 26.7 °F (−2.9 °C) in January to 69.3 °F (20.7 °C) in July. High temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher occur on an average of 29.2 days annually, but, due to

2128-449: The industry to move away from the de facto black-box approach to a physicochemically inclusive industrial reactor model. The crushed ore is irrigated with a dilute alkaline cyanide solution. The solution containing the dissolved precious metals in a pregnant solution continues percolating through the crushed ore until it reaches the liner at the bottom of the heap where it drains into a storage (pregnant solution) pond. After separating

2184-599: The leach pad. A byproduct is iron(II) sulfate , jarosite , which is produced as a byproduct of leaching pyrite , and sometimes even the same sulfuric acid that is needed for the process. Both oxide and sulfide ores can be leached, though the leach cycles are much different and sulfide leaching requires a bacterial, or bio-leach, component. In 2011 leaching, both heap leaching and in-situ leaching , produced 3.4 million metric tons of copper, 22 percent of world production. The largest copper heap leach operations are in Chile, Peru, and

2240-400: The leach solution, and avoid damaging the exposed mineral. The solution then percolates through the heap and leaches both the target and other minerals. This process, called the "leach cycle," generally takes from one or two months for simple oxide ores (e.g. most gold ores) to two years for nickel laterite ores. The leach solution containing the dissolved minerals is then collected, treated in

2296-588: The least 12.1 inches (0.31 m) from July 1950 to June 1951. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,041 people, 1,727 households, and 1,065 families residing in the city. The population density was 567 inhabitants per square mile (219/km ). There were 2,205 housing units at an average density of 309 per square mile (119/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 89.14% White , 0.32% African American , 3.12% Native American , 1.09% Asian , 0.35% Pacific Islander , 3.71% from other races , and 2.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.35% of

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2352-477: The massive piles of "overburden" that had been removed from copper mines, or expanded the existing open-pit mines to extract the gold ore. Gold mines as widespread as the Robinson project near Ruth , and AmSelco's Alligator Ridge mine 65 miles (105 km) from Ely, kept the town alive during the 1980s and 1990s, until the recent revival of copper mining. As Kennecott's smelter was demolished, copper concentrate from

2408-693: The mine is now shipped by rail to Seattle , where it is transported to Japan for smelting. The dramatic increase in demand for copper in 2005 has once again made Ely a copper boom town. The now-defunct BHP Nevada Railroad ran from the mining district south of Ruth through Ely to the junction with the Union Pacific at Shafter from 1996 to 1999. Ely is 77 miles (124 km) east of Eureka, Nevada , 153 miles (246 km) west of Delta, Utah , 105 miles (169 km) north of Pioche, Nevada , 139 miles (224 km) south of Wells, Nevada , and 120 miles (190 km) south of West Wendover, Nevada . According to

2464-938: The opportunity to see an elk community up close. Starting in 1867, iron-rich gossans were mined for precious metals in Lane Valley west of Ely. The Aultman and Saxton Mines were operating by the 1870s. The Chainman Mine was developed by the 1890s and became the most productive in the area. Starting in 1903, copper was mined by the Giroux Consolidated Mining Company and by the Nevada Consolidated Copper Company in 1904. In 1913, Consolidated Copper Mines Company took over Giroux. In 1936, Fulton and Smith first described magnesite , yet by 1942, when deposits were first studied no magnesite mining existed. In 1943, Kennecott Copper Corporation took over Nevada Consolidated and by 1958 had consolidated all of

2520-410: The population. There were 1,727 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and

2576-402: The precious metals from the pregnant solution, the dilute cyanide solution (now called "barren solution") is normally re-used in the heap-leach-process or occasionally sent to an industrial water treatment facility where the residual cyanide is treated and residual metals are removed. In very high rainfall areas, such as the tropics, in some cases there is surplus water that is then discharged to

2632-575: The process produces both leached ore residue ("ripios") and chemical precipitates from the recovery plant (principally iron oxide residues, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate ) in roughly equal proportions. Thus, a unique feature of nickel heap leaching is the need for a tailings disposal area. The final product can be nickel hydroxide precipitates (NHP) or mixed metal hydroxide precipitates (MHP), which are then subject to conventional smelting to produce metallic nickel. Similar to copper oxide heap leaching, also using dilute sulfuric acid. Rio Tinto

2688-716: The properties in the district. KGHM International Ltd. owns a large copper mine, formerly owned by Quadra FNX, employing 510 people near Ely. The Joana Mine in Robinson Canyon, 2 miles North of Ely, has exposed a limestone geologic formation named the Joana Limestone after the mine. From 2006 through 2014, the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas held training camp in Ely. Commercial air service

2744-428: The scalability of metallurgical and hydrodynamic properties from the lab to the field. The dismissal of these mechanisms can result in a number of practical and financial problems that will resonate throughout the life of the heap impacting the financial return of the operation. Through procedures that go beyond the commonly employed metallurgical testing and the integration of data gleaned through real time 3D monitoring,

2800-406: The southwestern United States. Although heap leaching is a low cost-process, it normally has recovery rates of 60-70%. It is normally most profitable with low-grade ores. Higher-grade ores are usually put through more complex milling processes where higher recoveries justify the extra cost. The process chosen depends on the properties of the ore. The final product is cathode copper. This method

2856-466: The theater, which would become effective in March 2014. Lani and Purinton planned to start showing second-run films, as well as live theater shows, musical acts, and sports coverage. Lani and his brother had previously purchased the Capital Theater with plans to renovate and reopen it. A new projection screen , as well as a digital projector and sound system, were installed in April 2014, as part of

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2912-549: The world have been commissioned to create images of area history, using different art styles. They also maintain a historical village consisting of a general store and several shotgun houses which display the history of the people that came to the area to work for the railroad and the mine. Ely is also home to regional offices of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and Nevada Department of Wildlife. Nearby are Great Basin National Park , Cave Lake State Park ,

2968-506: Was $ 36,408, and the median income for a family was $ 42,168. Males had a median income of $ 36,016 versus $ 26,597 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,013. About 11% of families and 12% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12% of those under age 18 and 9% of those aged 65 or over. Ely is a tourism center, and is home of the Nevada Northern Railway Museum . The railroad museum features

3024-554: Was available at Ely Airport until March 31, 2013. In 2011, the Ely Airport was frequently cited as one of the rural airports receiving federal subsidies through the Essential Air Service program. The historic Lincoln Highway , the first road across America , went through Ely, entering town from the north on U.S. Route 93 and departing town to the west on U.S. Route 50. Ely is home to the most isolated charging station in

3080-544: Was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route . In 1906 copper was discovered. Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50 . The railroads connecting the transcontinental railroad to the mines in Austin, Nevada and Eureka, Nevada have long been removed, but the railroad to Ely is preserved as a heritage railway by the Nevada Northern Railway and known as

3136-499: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 5, 1993. The Central Theater had reopened as of 2006, but was closed in 2011, while its owners attempted to sell the building. The theater later reopened on May 25, 2012. In the weeks following its reopening, the theater experienced a large turnout of customers. By October 2013, theater manager Chris Lani and his father-in-law, Don Purinton, announced plans to purchase

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