39°57′55″N 83°00′18″W / 39.9652°N 83.0051°W / 39.9652; -83.0051
90-578: The Central Ohio Coal Company , once a subsidiary of American Electric Power , is now a subsidiary of CONSOL Energy . At one time, they owned and operated Big Muskie in the Cumberland, Ohio area. They were responsible for fueling the AEP Muskingum River Power Plant at Relief, Ohio . From the 1960s to the late 1980s, the company employed nearly 1,000 people in southeastern Ohio, producing up to 1.7 million tons of coal annually. Today, it
180-510: A graduate or professional degree. 20.4% had no degree. 53.2% of Muncie residents were employed, working a mean of 34.0 hours per week. The median gross rent in Muncie was $ 714 and the homeownership rate was 50.0%. 4,491 housing units were vacant at an average density of 162.7 per square mile (62.8/km ). From its early days as a regional trading center for the surrounding agricultural community to its first wave of industrial development brought on by
270-718: A 45.5% share (675 MW) of a massive 1,485 megawatt wind project known as the North Central Energy Facilities ("NCEF"), with SWEPCO owning the remaining 810 MW. The project includes three wind farms covering areas in Alfalfa , Blaine , Custer , Kingfisher , Garfield , Major and Woods counties of Oklahoma. Approval followed in Arkansas and Louisiana in May; however, the Texas Public Utility Commission denied
360-511: A nearly 39,000-mile (63,000 km) network that includes 765 kilovolt ultra-high voltage transmission lines, more than all other U.S. transmission systems combined. AEP's transmission system directly or indirectly provides about 10 percent of the electricity demand in the Eastern Interconnection , the interconnected transmission system that covers 38 eastern and central U.S. states and eastern Canada, and approximately 11 percent of
450-802: A new board was appointed by Ball State's Board of Trustees. In 2021, following the Fall of Kabul and the U.S. withdrawal from the War in Afghanistan , several Afghan refugees arrived in Camp Atterbury , near Edinburgh, Indiana . Munsonian members of the nationwide organization, Afghan Women's and Kids' Education and Necessities (AWAKEN) formed the Muncie Afghan Refugee Resettlement Committee (MARRC) to help Afghan refugees resettle in Muncie. Afghan refugees began arriving in Muncie soon after. As
540-505: A new city hall, a new public library, and a new high school. The city's gasworks also began operations in the late 1870s. The Muncie Star was founded in 1899 and the Muncie Evening Press was founded in 1905. A new public library , which was a Carnegie library project, was dedicated on January 1, 1904, and served as the main branch of the city's public library system. The forerunner to Ball State University also arrived at
630-486: A new life. The black population in Muncie grew from 3.7% in 1890 to 5.6% in 1920 to 13.2% in 2013. Muncie's Riverside and Normal City neighborhoods had imposed sundown town rules by 1904, meaning "that unknown negroes who are found on the streets after nightfall are liable to be severely dealt with." In 1920, the city had the fifth-largest black population in Indiana, with 2,054 black residents. Two major parades were held by
720-500: A program in Ohio that incentivizes the installation of electric vehicle infrastructure by investing $ 10 million for the installation of up to 375 electric vehicle charging stations. According to Utility DIVE, "The program is part of a wave of EV charging rollouts utilities are spearheading in an effort to spur EV adoption." The United States Justice Department filed a lawsuit on November 3, 1999, against AEP and six other companies for violating
810-580: A service area encompassing 30,000 square miles. In April 2014, Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin signed into law an AEP-backed bill that would add a tax onto anyone in the state who adopted rooftop solar. This legislation was headed by Rep. Mike Turner (Oklahoma politician) (R. Edmond), known for his support of ending rooftop solar. Often called SWEPCO, the Southwestern Electric Power Company serves most of western Arkansas , northwestern Louisiana , and northeastern Texas . Like PSO, it
900-402: A slow economy for reducing the projected growth in electricity use. The American Gas and Electric Company , which would be renamed American Electric Power in 1958, was incorporated in 1906. It replaced Electric Company of America, a holding company that had existed since 1899. It built "the first plant in the world to reheat steam to do double duty in the process of generating electricity" at
990-552: A third major study that resulted in two books by Theodore Caplow, Middletown Families (1982) and All Faithful People (1983). Caplow returned to Muncie in 1998 to begin another study, Middletown IV, which became part of a Public Broadcasting Service documentary titled " The First Measured Century ", released in December 2000. The Ball State Center for Middletown Studies continues to survey and analyze social change in Muncie. A database of Middletown surveys conducted between 1978 and 1997
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#17328520565551080-468: A transaction valued at $ 2.8 billion (US). The purchase was expected to close in the second quarter of 2022, pending regulatory approval. On April 17, 2023, the sale was terminated. The sale drew criticism from the Kentucky Attorney General and Kentucky lawmakers. In May 2022, Kentucky's Public Service Commission approved the sale, but only with modifications made to the sale. In December 2022,
1170-713: A two-year or four-year college degree, which is below the national average. The first decade of the 21st century saw a cultural shift toward local businesses and economic empowerment, boosted by the Muncie Downtown Development Partnership and the residents, patrons, and business owners of the downtown community. In 2007, Muncie was rated the most affordable college town in America by real estate company Coldwell Banker . In 2015, Forbes ranked Muncie 27th among small places for business and careers and 18th for cost of doing business. First Merchants Corporation
1260-471: A year; allow for the transmission of renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric; and generate 5,700 jobs, with $ 420 million in employee compensation annually. However, many of these claims are disputed and the proposal must pass several legal hurdles before moving forward. On August 24, 2012, PJM Interconnection officially removed the PATH project from its long-range expansion plans, citing
1350-486: Is an American domestic electric utility company in the United States . It is one of the largest electric utility companies in the country, with more than five million customers in 11 states. American Electric Power Company is one of the nation's largest generators of electricity, owning nearly 38,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the U.S. AEP also owns the nation's largest electricity transmission system,
1440-467: Is an incorporated city and the seat of Delaware County, Indiana , United States. Previously known as Buckongahelas Town, named after the prominent Delaware Chief, it is located in East Central Indiana , about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Indianapolis . At the 2020 United States Census , the city's population was 65,195, down from 70,085 in the 2010 Census. It is the principal city of
1530-637: Is available online from the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). Due to the extensive information collected from the Middletown studies during the twentieth century, Muncie is said to be one of the most studied cities of its size in the United States. In addition to being called a "typical American city", as the result of the Middletown studies , Muncie is known as Magic City or Magic Muncie, as well as
1620-582: Is based in Charleston, West Virginia . APCO serves about one million customers in central and Southern West Virginia , the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia , Southwest Virginia and parts of Northeast Tennessee , specifically Kingsport . Cities in the Appalachian Power service territory include Wheeling , Charleston and Huntington, West Virginia ; Roanoke, Virginia and Kingsport. Until
1710-589: Is based in Muncie, and the first Scotty's Brewhouse location opened in the city in 1996. As of July 2022 (compare to October 2014), the largest employers in the city were: The David Owsley Museum of Art collection, which includes over 11,000 works, has been in the Fine Arts Building on the Ball State University campus since 1935. The Horizon Convention Center, located downtown, offers 47,000 square feet (4,400 m ) of exhibition space and houses
1800-563: Is expected in 2015 to ask regulators to allow them to pass along the costs of building and running the John W. Turk Jr. Coal Plant , the most expensive project in state history, to Arkansas ratepayers. This process is expected to elicit similar controversy to what has plagued the plant since construction. SWEPCO operated Dolet Hills Power Station was scheduled for closure in Louisiana in 2021, due to pressure by Beyond Coal . AEP also bought much of
1890-707: Is located in I&;M's territory. Kentucky Power serves most of Eastern Kentucky , the area abutting the Appalachian Power service area, including communities of Pikeville , Hazard and Ashland . Kentucky Power headquarters is in Ashland and they maintain a government relations office in Frankfort . On October 26, 2021, the Liberty Utilities subsidiary of Algonquin Power & Utilities agreed to acquire AEP's Kentucky operations in
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#17328520565551980-518: Is said to be one of the most studied United States cities of its size. The area was first settled in the 1790s by the Lenape (Delaware) people, who were forced west from their tribal lands in the Mid-Atlantic region (all of New Jersey , southeastern New York , eastern Pennsylvania , and northern Delaware ) to new lands in present-day Ohio and eastern Indiana . The Lenape founded several towns along
2070-523: Is still one of the major employers in Morgan County, Ohio , although its high-sulfur coal now spurs little demand. Many of the company's employees were members of the United Mine Workers . 10,000 acres (40 km2) of reclaimed land owned by the company was donated to form The Wilds . American Electric Power American Electric Power Company, Inc. ( AEP ), (railcar reporting mark : AEPX )
2160-552: Is the largest shareholder in the Ohio Valley Electric Corporation (OVEC). OVEC is an associate company of AEP, not a subsidiary, because AEP owns less than half of it. AEP owns and operates the Donald C. Cook nuclear power plant . This accounts for 6% of the generation portfolio. AEP is expanding its green efforts to include 18 more International DuraStar hybrid diesel trucks. AEP is also teaming with Ford for
2250-769: The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway ) reached Muncie in 1903. The Chicago, Indiana, and Eastern Railroad (acquired by a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad system) and the Chicago and Southeastern (sometimes called the Central Indiana Railroad) also served the city. In addition to the railroads, Muncie's roads connected to nearby towns and an electric interurban system, which arrived in the early 1900s, linked it to smaller towns and larger cities, including Indianapolis and Fort Wayne, Indiana , and Dayton, Ohio . With
2340-456: The Clean Air Act . On October 8, 2007, AEP agreed to install US$ 4.6 billion in equipment to reduce emission, as well as pay a US$ 15 million civil fine and provide US$ 36 million for environmental projects and $ 24 million for environmental mitigation. The company will cut 813,000 short tons (738,000 t) of air pollutants annually once all of the controls are installed. According to
2430-784: The Desert Sky Wind Farm and the Trent Wind Farm . In 2009, AEP partnered with other energy companies in commissioning a study of how to transmit wind energy generated in the Upper Midwest to consumers in the East. In 2017, Invenergy and GE announced plans for the $ 4.5 billion, 2,000 MW Wind Catcher (a/k/a Windcatcher) project on a 300,000-acre site in Cimarron and Texas counties in the Oklahoma Panhandle , which would have been among
2520-649: The Indiana gas boom in the mid-1880s, Muncie has retained its ties to an industrial economy, and to a lesser extent its agricultural roots. In addition, the arrival of the forerunner to Ball State in the early twentieth century contributed to Muncie's development as an educational center, while Ball Memorial Hospital, established in 1929, led to the city's reputation as a healthcare center for east-central Indiana. Muncie's major industrial development included glass manufacturing, iron and steel mills, and automobile manufacturing and auto parts factories. Among its early major employers
2610-474: The Ku Klux Klan in 1922 and 1924, with the mayor and police chief attending the 1924 parade. The first black police officer in Muncie was hired in 1899, and the city's first black police chief took his position in 1995. The first black teacher in the city was hired in 1952, and the first black principal was appointed in 1956. According to Hurley Goodall , the first serious black political candidate in Muncie
2700-623: The Philo Power Plant in Philo, Ohio in 1923. Several of its holdings were divested following the passage of the Public Utility Holding Company Act in 1935; these holdings would include Atlantic City Electric (now a subsidiary of Exelon ) and Scranton Electric (since absorbed by PPL ). However, it retained its Central System, which ran between Michigan and Virginia. It moved its headquarters from New York City to Columbus, Ohio in
2790-556: The White River , including Munsee Town, near the site of present-day Muncie. Contrary to popular legend, the city's early name of Munsee Town is derived from the "Munsee" clan of Lenape people, the white settlers' name for a group of Native Americans whose village was once situated along the White River. There is no evidence that a mythological Chief Munsee ever existed. ("Munsee" means a member of or one of their languages . ) In 1818,
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2880-533: The census of 2000, there were 67,430 people, 27,322 households, and 14,589 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,788.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,076.5/km ). There were 30,205 housing units at an average density of 1,248.9 per square mile (482.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 83.72% White , 12.97% African American , 0.27% Native American , 0.79% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 0.67% from other races , and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of
2970-539: The 1920s, Robert and Helen Lynd led a team of sociologists in a study of a typical middle-American community. The Lynds chose Muncie as the locale for their field research, although they never specifically identified it as " Middletown " the fictional name of the town in their study. Muncie received national attention after the publication of their book, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (1929). The Lynds returned to Muncie to re-observe
3060-636: The 1950s and 1960s, Muncie has continued as an education center in the state and emerged as a regional health center. As enrollment at Ball State increased, new buildings were erected on the college's campus. Ball Memorial Hospital also expanded its facilities. However, by the 1960s, industrial trends had shifted. Beginning in the 1970s several manufacturing plants closed or moved elsewhere, while others adapted to industrial changes and remained in Muncie. Ball Corporation, for example, closed its Muncie glass manufacturing facilities in 1962 and its corporate headquarters relocated to Broomfield, Colorado in 1998. Muncie
3150-743: The 1980s. On May 1, 1999, The North American electric power industry tested and cleared 75 percent of the U.S. electricity system for compliance with the Year 2000 computer glitch . On August 31, 2004, American Electric Power Company's $ 10 billion acquisition of the Central and South West Corporation was approved. As of 2017, American Electric Power shares are mainly held by institutional investors, and large Single Family Offices ( Vanguard group , BlackRock , State Street Corporation , and others ) The Political Economy Research Institute ranks American Electric Power 55th among corporations emitting airborne pollutants in
3240-535: The 21st century, AEP's operations in Tennessee were part of a separate operating company, Kingsport Power Company. However, since the turn of the millennium, Kingsport Power's operations have been almost completely merged with those of Appalachian Power. While Kingsport Power still legally exists, the Kingsport Power name is almost never used anymore except for regulatory formality. AEP considers Appalachian Power to be
3330-492: The AWAKEN organization wanted to continue work directly in Afghanistan, the temporary MARRC organization was closed. However, the presence of 130 Afghan refugees in Muncie in late 2022 compelled continued work in medical advocacy, employment, legal aid, and financial and reading education. A new organization, Refugee Alliance of Delaware County (RADC), was formed to welcome any refugees in Muncie and help them in establishing and building
3420-525: The Delaware County seat and platted in 1827. On January 13, 1845, Indiana's governor signed legislation passed by the Indiana General Assembly to shorten the town's name to Muncie. Soon, a network of roads connected Muncie to nearby towns, adjacent counties, and to other parts of Indiana. The Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Railroad , the first to arrive in Muncie in 1852, provided the town and
3510-503: The Friendly City. During World War II, the city's manufacturers once again turned their efforts to wartime production. Ball State and Muncie's airport also trained pilots for the U.S. Navy . The postwar era was another period of expansion for Muncie, with continued growth and development of industries, construction of new homes, schools, and businesses. A population boom brought further development, especially from 1946 to 1965. Since
3600-612: The Indiana State Normal School, Eastern Division, the forerunner to Ball State University, opened in 1918. It was named Ball Teachers College in 1922, Ball State Teachers College in 1929, and Ball State University in 1965. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, in tandem with the gas boom, Muncie developed an active cultural arts community, which included music and art clubs, women's clubs, self-improvements clubs, and other social clubs. Hoosier artist J. Ottis Adams , who came to Muncie in 1876, later formed an art school in
3690-550: The Muncie Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses all of Delaware County. The city is also included in the Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN Combined Statistical Area . The Lenape ( Delaware ) people, led by Buckongahelas arrived in the area in the 1790s, founding several villages, including one known as Munsee Town, along the White River . The trading post , renamed Muncietown,
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3780-569: The Muncie Children's Museum. The city also has a large group of independent art galleries. Three of the city's largest performing arts centers belong to Ball State University: the 3,581-seat Emens Auditorium , the 600-seat Sursa Performance Hall, and the 410-seat University Theatre. Downtown performing arts spaces include the Muncie Civic Theatre and Canan Commons, an outdoor amphitheater and greenspace that opened in 2011. In addition,
3870-702: The NCEF facilities are near an existing PSO/SWEPCO transmission system. Also, NCEF was scalable, so that the states which approved the project could increase the number of megawatts allocated to them if/when another state rejected the proposal. The 199 MW Sundance project, located northwest of Aline in Woods County, was completed in April 2021. The 287 MW Maverick and the 999 MW Traverse projects are scheduled to be in service later in 2021 and in early 2022, respectively. In 2007, AEP teamed with Allegheny Energy to propose
3960-716: The U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission refused approval, stating "the sales’ parties did not provide enough evidence to show the deal wouldn't have an adverse effect on rate payers." Although AEP and Liberty Utilities reapplied in February 2023, they later announced the termination of the sale. PSO was one of the four CSW operating companies when CSW merged with AEP. Incorporated in 1913, PSO serves approximately 540,000 customers in eastern and southwestern Oklahoma. Its headquarters are in Tulsa. PSO has 4,269 megawatts of generating capacity and provides electricity to 232 cities and towns across
4050-408: The U.S. headquarters for Brevini Wind, an Italian-based company that manufactures gearboxes for wind turbines. In 2011, locomotive maker Progress Rail (a subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc ) opened in a former Westinghouse facility that had been vacant since 1998. The local economy is a controversial topic among Munsonians. While many older unemployed or underemployed residents strongly identify with
4140-479: The US$ 1.8 billion (changed to US$ 2.1 billion in 2011 ) Potomac-Appalachian Transmission Highline (PATH), a 290-mile (470 km), 765 kilovolt transmission line that would run through West Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland. According to Joe Denault, a volunteer spokesperson for the proposal, the PATH proposal would incorporate new technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 380,000 short tons (340,000 t)
4230-662: The United States. The ranking is based on the quantity (2,240,000,000 pounds (1,020,000 t) in 2018) of toxic air released, as well as the toxicity and population exposure of the emissions. Major pollutants include sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, and chromium , manganese and nickel compounds. Overall, electric power plants, such as those operated by AEP, account for almost "70 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions each year and 30 percent of nitrogen oxides emissions." Individually, these pollutants cause serious respiratory damage and other illnesses; when combined, they create what's known as acid rain , which causes long term damage to
4320-410: The age of 18. The poverty rate for the town was 17.3% higher than that of the state. 18.6% of the population was disabled and 8.7% had no healthcare coverage. 34.3% of the population had attained a high school or equivalent degree, 19.7% had attended college but received no degree, 8.9% had attained an Associate's degree or higher, 14.0% had attained a Bachelor's degree or higher, and 11.6% had
4410-448: The area's native tribes ceded their lands to the federal government under the terms of the Treaty of St. Mary's and agreed to move farther west by 1821. New settlers began to arrive in what became Delaware County, Indiana , c. 1820 , shortly before the area's public lands were formally opened for purchase. The small trading village of Munsee Town, renamed Muncietown, was selected as
4500-488: The arrival of the auto manufacturing and the related auto parts industry after the turn of the twentieth century, Muncie's industrial and commercial development increased as the population grew. During World War I, local manufacturers joined others around the county in converting their factories to production of war materiel . In the 1920s Muncie continued its rise as an automobile-manufacturing center, primarily due to its heavy industry and skilled labor force. During this time,
4590-404: The average family size was 2.86. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 19.8% under the age of 18, 24.6% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males. The median income for a household in
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#17328520565554680-447: The city was $ 26,613, and the median income for a family was $ 36,398. Males had a median income of $ 30,445 versus $ 21,872 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,814. About 14.3% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 70,085 people, 27,722 households, and 13,928 families residing in
4770-522: The city with fellow artist William Forsyth . Although their school closed with a year or two, other art groups were established, most notably the Art Students' League (1892) and the Muncie Art Association (1905). By the early twentieth century several railroads served Muncie, which helped to establish the city as a transportation hub. The Cincinnati, Richmond and Muncie Railroad (later known as
4860-612: The city's economic development. As in many mid-sized cities in the Rust Belt , deindustrialization , which began in the 1960s, impacted Muncie's economy. Several manufacturing plants closed or moved elsewhere. From 2001 to 2011, Muncie lost thousands of jobs as the city continued transitioning from a blue-collar workforce to a white-collar service economy primarily based on health care, education, and retail. Muncie has attracted some new manufacturers, while older factories have been converted to other industrial uses. In 2009, Muncie became
4950-707: The city's gas-boom period was the Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company, which was renamed the Ball Corporation in 1969. The Ball brothers , who were searching for a new site for their glass manufacturing business that was closer to an abundant natural-gas supply, built a new glass-making foundry in Muncie, beginning its glass production on March 1, 1888. In 1889 the company relocated its metal manufacturing operations to Muncie. In addition to several other glass factories, Muncie attracted iron and steel mills. Kitselman Steel & Wire Company
5040-423: The city. The population density was 2,576.7 inhabitants per square mile (994.9/km ). There were 31,958 housing units at an average density of 1,174.9 per square mile (453.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.0% White , 10.9% African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.8% from other races , and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of
5130-469: The city. The population density was 2,577.0 inhabitants per square mile (995.0/km ). There were 31,183 housing units at an average density of 1,129.8 per square mile (436.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.0% White , 11.6% African American , 0.3% Native American or Alaskan Native , 1.5% Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander , 2.1% from other races and 6.5% were from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino of any race were 4.2% of
5220-435: The commercial trading center for local farmers. The Indiana gas boom of the 1880s ushered in a new era of prosperity to Muncie. Abundant supplies of natural gas attracted new businesses, industries, and additional residents to the city. Although agriculture continued to be an economic factor in the region, industry dominated the city's development for the next 100 years. One of the major manufacturers that arrived early in
5310-516: The community also became a center of Ku Klux Klan activity. Muncie's Klan membership was estimated at 3,500 in the early 1920s. Scandals within the Klan's leadership, divisions among its members, and some violent confrontations with their opponents damaged the organization's reputation. Increasing hostility toward the Klan's political activities, beliefs, and values also divided the Muncie community, before its popularity and membership significantly declined by
5400-676: The community during the Depression , which resulted in a sequel, Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (1937). The Lynds' Middletown study, which was funded by the Rockefeler Institute of Social and Religious Research, was intended to study "the interwoven trends that are the life of a small American city." The Lynds were only the first to conduct a series of studies in Muncie. The National Science Foundation funded
5490-636: The electricity demand in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas , the transmission system that covers much of Texas. AEP's utility units operate as AEP Ohio, AEP Texas, Appalachian Power (in Virginia, West Virginia, and Tennessee), Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, and Southwestern Electric Power Company (in Arkansas, Louisiana and east Texas). AEP's headquarters are in Columbus, Ohio . American Electric Power
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#17328520565555580-620: The end of the decade. Muncie residents also made it through the challenges of the Great Depression , with the Ball brothers continuing their role as major benefactors to the community by donating funds for construction of new facilities at Ball State and Ball Memorial Hospital . (The hospital, which opened in 1929, later affiliated with Indiana University Health . ) The Works Progress Administration (WPA) also provided jobs such as road grading, city sewer improvements, and bridge construction. In
5670-417: The environment and deterioration of natural and man-made structures. Environmental Protection Agency has named American Electric a potentially responsible party at the Green River Disposal Inc. Superfund toxic waste site. In February 2018, AEP announced plans to reduce carbon emissions 80 percent by 2050 through increased use of renewables, natural gas and energy efficiency. In August 2018, AEP started
5760-425: The gas boom ended in Indiana c. 1910 , Muncie was well established as an industrial town and a commercial center for east-central Indiana, especially with several railroad lines connecting it to larger cities and the arrival of automobile industry manufacturing after 1900. Numerous civic developments also occurred as a result of the city's growth during the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s, when Muncie citizens built
5850-426: The integration of a Vehicle-To-Power grid communication system, which allows hybrid vehicles to communicate with power companies to determine where, how long, and what it would cost to re-charge a hybrid during travel. In 2009, AEP signed a deal with Wyandot Solar LLC to purchase power from one of the largest solar fields in the eastern United States of America, based in Upper Sandusky, Ohio . AEP owns and operates
5940-497: The manufacturing identity of the city, newer residents identify with the city's shift towards educational and health services. Contention is greatest among residents living in the once-industrialized sections of the city's south side, as much of the economic growth over that last few decades has taken place on Muncie's north side. The city also struggles to retain college graduates. Despite Ball State's presence, only 32.2 percent of Delaware County's working-age adults (ages 25–64) hold
6030-468: The operating company in Kingsport. Wheeling Power, based in Wheeling, was long treated as a de facto part of Ohio Power, but is now treated as part of Appalachian Power. Indiana Michigan Power (I&M) serves northeastern and east central Indiana, including Muncie and Fort Wayne ; and parts of north central Indiana and southwest Michigan, including South Bend , St. Joseph , Benton Harbor and Three Rivers . The Donald C. Cook nuclear power plant
6120-475: The plan for the 309 megawatts intended for that state. Nevertheless, PSO and SWEPCO decided to go forward with the project, with Oklahoma to receive 675 megawatts, Louisiana 464 megawatts, and Arkansas 268 megawatts. The projects were to be completed in the 2020-2021 timeframe. The NCEF project differed from the abandoned Wind Catcher plan in that Wind Catcher envisioned a new 765-kilovolt transmission line which would have run hundreds of miles in Oklahoma, while
6210-411: The population. There were 26,692 households, of which 16.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.6% were married couples living together, 35.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 8.5% were non-families. 61.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size
6300-408: The population. There were 27,322 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and
6390-441: The population. There were 27,722 households, of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.8% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
6480-522: The press release, the agreement imposes caps on emissions of pollutants from 16 plants located in five states. The facilities are located in Moundsville (two facilities), St. Albans , Glasgow , and New Haven (two facilities), West Virginia ; Louisa, Kentucky ; Glen Lyn and Carbo, Virginia ; Brilliant , Conesville , Cheshire , Lockbourne , and Beverly , Ohio ; and Rockport and Lawrenceburg , Indiana . AEP has come under criticism in many of
6570-504: The state house until Carl Kizer Jr.'s appointment to the board in 1993. The school board became majority black for the first time after the 2008 election. According to the 2010 census, Muncie has a total area of 27.392 square miles (70.94 km ), of which 27.2 square miles (70.45 km ),or 99.3%, is land and 0.192 square miles (0.50 km ),or 0.7%, is water. Muncie has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa ), experiencing four distinct seasons. As of
6660-470: The states they operate in for attacking rooftop solar. They have specifically attempted to halt distributed solar in Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio. AEP reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020, at 49,681 Kt (-29,610 /-37.3% y-o-y) and aims to reach net zero emissions by 2045. Muncie, Indiana Muncie ( / ˈ m ʌ n s i / MUN -see )
6750-418: The surrounding area with access to larger markets for its agricultural production, as well as a faster means of transporting people and goods into and out of the area. Muncie incorporated as a town on December 6, 1854, and became an incorporated city in 1865. John Brady was elected as the city's first mayor. Muncie's early utility companies also date to the mid-1860s, including the city's waterworks , which
6840-533: The town of Cheshire, Ohio , where the Gavin Power Plant is located, due to pollution issues. In 2004, AEP announced their plans to build one, or more, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) coal-fired power plant which is expected to reduce emissions while providing additional electricity capacity to the customers served by AEP. In August 2008, AEP formed a joint venture company with Duke Energy to build and own new electric transmission assets. It
6930-453: The turn of the twentieth century. Eastern Indiana Normal School opened in 1899, but it closed after two years. Several subsequent efforts to establish a private college in Muncie during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries also failed, but one proved to be very successful. After the Ball brothers bought the school property and its vacant buildings and donated them to the State of Indiana,
7020-503: The world's largest wind farms when completed in 2020. AEP utility subsidiaries PSO and SWEPCO asked utility regulators in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas and Oklahoma to approve plans to purchase the wind farm from Invenergy upon completion of construction. However, the project ran into opposition and was finally canceled in July 2018. PSO was approved in early 2020 by regulators in Oklahoma to own
7110-462: Was English with 95.5% speaking it at home, 1.7% spoke Spanish at home, 1.4% spoke an Asian or Pacific Islander language at home, 1.3% spoke another Indo-European language at home, and 0.1% spoke some other language. 2.6% of the population were foreign born . The median household income in Muncie was $ 34,602, 38.4% less than the median average for the state of Indiana . 30.2% of the population were in poverty, including 32.6% of residents under
7200-438: Was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 28.1 years. 17.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 27.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. As of the census of 2020, there were 65,194 people, 26,692 households and 6,179 families residing in
7290-438: Was 3.09. Just over half (50.1%) of the population had never been married, 29.6% were married and not separated , 5.7% were widowed , 13.1% were divorced , and 1.6% were separated. The median age of the city was 28.8. 4.4% of residents were under the age of 5, 16.2% were under 18 years, 83.8% were age 18 or older, and 14.0% were age 65 or older. 5.8% of the population were veterans . The most common language spoken at home
7380-505: Was Wayne Brooks, who ran for the Republican nomination for mayor in 1934. Ray Armstrong was elected as the first black member of the city council in 1951, and Alice McIntosh was elected as the first black female member of the city council in 1983. Goodall was the first black person elected to the city's school board and later to represent the area in the state house. No other black person served on Muncie's school board after Goodall's election to
7470-480: Was also home to other manufacturing operations, including Warner Gear (a division of BorgWarner ), Delco Remy , General Motors , Ontario Corporation, A. E. Boyce Company, and Westinghouse Electric , among others. In 2017, the Muncie Community Schools system was declared a "distressed political subdivision", and put in direct control of the state government. In 2018, the school district was reformed and
7560-517: Was established in 1865. After the American Civil War , two factors helped Muncie attract new commercial and industrial development: the arrival of additional railroads from the late 1890s to the early 1900s and the discovery of abundant supplies of natural gas in the area. Prior to the discovery of nearby natural-gas wells and the beginning of the gas boom in Muncie in 1886, the region was primarily an agricultural area, with Muncie serving as
7650-492: Was merged into Ohio Power, leaving Ohio Power as the legal operating company for regulatory purposes. AEP Texas was formed from a merger of various predecessor utilities, and joined AEP as part of its acquisition of Central and South West Corporation in 1997. It consists of AEP Texas North Company (formerly West Texas Utilities), which operates in west Texas, and AEP Texas Central Company (formerly Central Power and Light ), which operates in south Texas. Appalachian Power (APCO)
7740-451: Was one of the four CSW Operating Companies. Between 2013 and 2014, AEP, under subsidiary SWEPCO, tried to eliminate a fundamental solar policy, net metering , at the LPSC several times, and failed each time. SWEPCO also backed openly anti-solar candidate Eric Skrmetta, who has been widely criticized for receiving 2/3 of his campaign contributions from entities he regulates. In Arkansas, SWEPCO
7830-410: Was selected as the Delaware County seat and platted in 1827. Its name was officially shortened to Muncie in 1845 and incorporated as a city in 1865. Muncie developed as a manufacturing and industrial center, especially after the Indiana gas boom of the 1880s. It is home to Ball State University . As a result of the Middletown studies , sociological research that was first conducted in the 1920s, Muncie
7920-657: Was the Ball Corporation, established by the Ball brothers of Buffalo, New York , who opened a glass factory in Muncie in 1888. Other notable manufacturers in addition to the Ball Corporation with operations in Muncie have included BorgWarner , The Broderick Company (aformer division of Harsco ), Dayton-Walther Corporation, Delco Remy , General Motors , New Venture Gear , Hemingray Glass Company , Ontario Corporation, A. E. Boyce Company, Indiana Steel and Wire, and Westinghouse Electric . Changing industrial trends caused shifts in
8010-489: Was the first utility to utilize 345 kV transmission lines which took place in 1953. The company ranked 185th on the 2018 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. The company is divided into seven major geographic local operating companies: AEP Ohio serves 1.5 million customers in central, southern and northwestern Ohio. For years, it consisted of two operating companies, Ohio Power and Columbus Southern Power. However, in 2014, Columbus Southern
8100-537: Was the largest employer in Indiana in 1900 with 11,000 employees; it later became Indiana Steel & Wire. Others included Republic Iron and Steel Company and the Midland Steel Company. (Midland became Inland Steel Company and later moved to Gary, Indiana .) Indiana Bridge Company was also a major employer. By the time the natural gas supply from the Trenton Gas Field had significantly declined and
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