Misplaced Pages

#539460

22-622: (Redirected from Central Nahuatl ) Not to be confused with Central Nahuatl language . Central Nahuatl Geographic distribution Mexico State , Puebla , Guerrero Linguistic classification Uto-Aztecan Aztecan (Nahuan) Nahuatl Central Nahuatl Subdivisions Nuclear Nahuatl Puebla–Tlaxcala Xochiltepec–Huatlatlauca ? Southeastern Puebla Northern Guerrero Southern Guerrero Language codes Glottolog None cent2258   (partial match) Central Nahuatl

44-570: A voiced velar stop but rather a voiced velar fricative , similar to luego in Spanish. Also similar to Spanish is the voiced bilabial fricative v , as in the Spanish phrase la verdad , in contrast with the voiced labiodental fricative [v] which does not appear in Ute. The velar sounds k and g have uvular allophones : k becomes either a voiceless uvular stop [q] or a voiceless uvular fricative [χ] when either between two vowels or adjacent to

66-422: A previously-introduced subject when there are multiple previously-introduced parties, to indicate that the subject of the current clause is different from the previously-mentioned subject. For example, in 'áa-gha máy-kya-p u gay-k u , 'ú-vwaa pagha'ni-p u ga 'uwas , "as they were whispering (amongst themselves), he paced around there", when the sentence begins, the subject is "they", and the independent pronoun

88-723: A term was applied to the group by Spanish explorers, being derived from the term quasuatas , used by the Spanish at the time to refer to all tribes north of the Pueblo peoples and up to the Shoshone peoples. The Ute people refer to their own language as núu-'apaghapi̱ or núuchi , meaning "the people's speech" and "of the people" respectively. T.Givon (2011) gives the following orthography and phonetic information for Southern Ute. Northern Ute differs from Southern and Central in some lexical and phonological areas. Southern Ute has five vowels, as well as several allophones, which are not shown in

110-498: Is polysynthetic . Affixes are mostly suffixes , but there are three major types of prefixes for verbs and one for nouns. Most nouns in Ute obligatorily have suffixes. Inanimate nouns usually take the suffix - p u / -v u . However, this suffix can also sometimes denote animate nouns or body parts. Animate nouns usually take the -chi suffix, but can also take -vi/-pi or -t u /-r u . The consonant pairs p/v and t/r were once allophones, but are no longer predictable; this produces

132-600: Is a Nahuan language spoken by 40,000 people in central Mexico. It is variously known as Central Aztec, Náhuatl del Centro, and Puebla-Tlaxcala Nahuatl . In 1990, there were 1,000 Tlaxcala-Puebla Nahuatl monolinguals . The following description is that of the Tlaxcala dialect: This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ute dialect Ute as

154-411: Is a group of Nahuatl languages of central Mexico, in the regions of central Puebla , Tlaxcala , central Veracruz , Morelos , Mexico State , and Guerrero . Nuclear: Classical Nahuatl , Morelos Nahuatl , Tetelcingo Nahuatl Tlaxcala-Puebla Nahuatl (border of Puebla and Tlaxcala) and its descendant Southern Coahuila Nahuatl Central Puebla Nahuatl (Xochiltepec–Huatlatlauca, south of

176-406: Is marked with both the suffix -wa and prefix ka- . Alternatively, instead of the prefix, the full form kách- can appear as a separate word somewhere before the verb being negated. First syllable reduplication in verbs denotes the distributive case . Thus, táa-p u gay-'u "[s/he] kicked him (once)" becomes t a -táa-p u gay-'u "[s/he] kicked him repeatedly". Incorporation can take place at

198-448: Is present, it is usually composed of only one consonant. Words with suffixes like -'ni, -'na, and 'wa , can have a two-consonant onset, though they were historically - ni-'i, -na-'a, and -wa-'a respectively. These earlier suffix forms did have single-consonant onsets. Most syllables do not have codas, but some codas do appear at word-end, such as in pʉi-n , 'I'm sleeping'. Each Southern Ute word must have one stressed vowel. Either

220-488: Is the most common plural suffix, and -mu is usually used for plural nouns that derive from verbs or possession. These suffixes are placed after the obligatory noun suffix. Finally, some nouns show plurality by reduplication of the first syllable in combination with the -u suffix, such as in táa-ta'wa-chi-u "men" from ta'wa-ch i . In this case, -u without reduplication would create the dual form: "two men". Ute verbs can take many suffixes and several prefixes. Negation

242-417: The high back unrounded vowel ʉ often is pronounced as a high central [ɨ] when unstressed. Though this change produces some minimal pairs , it is the destressing, rather than the vowel change, that produces the change in meaning and thus [ɨ] is excluded from the orthography. Ute has several phonological processes that affect the realization of underlying phonemes. Below is a representative sample. Ute

SECTION 10

#1732845446540

264-669: The United States History Proto-Uto-Aztecan Proto-Nahuan List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages Italics indicate extinct languages Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Nahuatl_languages&oldid=1255568057 " Category : Nahuatl Hidden categories: Articles with Spanish-language sources (es) Families rejected by Glottolog Central Nahuatl language The Tlaxcala-Puebla Nahuatl language, also known as Central Nahuatl ,

286-2351: The city of Puebla) ? Southeastern Puebla (see for classification) Guerrero Nahuatl (Northern/Central Guerrero, Balsas River region) Ometepec Nahuatl (Southern Guerrero) References [ edit ] ^ Lastra de Suárez, Yolanda (1986). Las áreas dialectales del náhuatl moderno . Serie antropológica, no. 62. Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas. ISBN   968-8377-44-9 . OCLC   19632019 . (in Spanish) v t e Uto-Aztecan languages Northern Numic Western Northern Paiute (including Bannock) Mono Central Shoshoni (including Gosiute ) Comanche Timbisha Southern Colorado River (Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, Ute ) Kawaiisu Takic Nicoleño ? Serran Serrano Vanyume Kitanemuk Tataviam Tongva Cupan Cahuilla Cupeño Luiseño-Juaneño Other Hopi Tübatulabal Southern Tepiman Pimic Oʼodham Pima Bajo Tepehuan Northern Tepehuan Southern Tepehuan Tepecano Tarahumaran Huarijio Upriver Huarijio Downriver Huarijio Tarahumara Tubar Opatan Eudeve Opata Cahita Yaqui Mayo Corachol Cora Huichol Guachichil ? Aztecan Nahuatl Central Classical Nahuatl Morelos Nahuatl Tetelcingo Nahuatl Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl Central Puebla Nahuatl Guerrero Nahuatl Ometepec Nahuatl Coahuila Nahuatl Huasteca Huasteca Nahuatl Western Michoacán Nahuatl Coatepec Nahuatl Pochutec Temascaltepec Nahuatl Durango Nahuatl Cazcan ? Eastern Sierra Puebla Nahuatl Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl Orizaba Nahuatl Isthmus Nahuatl Tabasco Nahuatl Pipil Other Nahuatl language in

308-422: The first or second vowel of a word in Ute may be stressed, with the latter situation being the most common. Stress is orthographically marked when it occurs on the first vowel. In compound words, the primary stress is applied to the first stem, and a secondary stress may also occur on a later stem. Vowel stress is contrastive in pairs such as, suwá , meaning 'almost', and súwa , meaning 'straight out'. Note that

330-406: The latter contains objects and genitives. In most cases, the final vowel of the entire noun is devoiced in the nominative case and voiced in the oblique case. For example, "woman" in the nominative is mama-ch i and in the oblique is mama-chi. In some pronouns, the (voiced) suffix -y is added to mark the oblique case, as in singular "you", which is ' ú m u in the nominative and ' ú m u -y in

352-431: The leftmost prefix position to add the meanings of the incorporated word to the verb. For example, 'apagha-y "[s/he] is talking" and pia-'apagha-y "[s/he] is sweet-talking". Verbs usually take the suffix -ka after the stem when the subject is plural. -ka can also be realized as -qa, -kwa, -kya , etc. according to the phonological processes above. Many suffixes are used to denote tense, aspect, and modality . Some of

374-519: The more common of these suffixes include -y for the present tense, -vaa-ni for the future, and -mi ya . for the habitual. Other suffixes include -ti, -k u , and -ta , which mark the causative, benefactive , and passive case respectively. Word order in Ute is flexible and determined primarily by discourse pragmatics, although speakers will mostly use SOV order when producing isolated clauses. Ute marks nouns for nominative and oblique case. The former category contains subjects and predicates, and

396-445: The oblique. As described above in morphology, nouns and other words can be incorporated as prefixes of verbs to specify the method of action: for example, wii-chi-m t u ka-y-aqh , "s/he eats it with a knife" can incorporate wii-chi-m, "knife", into the verb t u ka-y-aqh , "eats" to produce wii-t u ka-y-aqh , "s/he is knife-eating it". Switch reference uses the independent pronoun 'uwas , "s/he", or 'um u s , "they", to refer to

418-548: The orthography by underlining them, or, when the identity of the underlying vowel has been lost, with the letter [h]. Here bold text indicates a practical orthographic representation, while the IPA representation is included in brackets. Southern Ute consonants are given in the table below. As above, orthographic representations are bold and the IPA representations are in brackets. All stops in Ute are voiceless. Thus, g here does not indicate

440-546: The orthography. Each vowel can be short or long, and vowel length is marked orthographically by doubling the vowel. In Ute, the length of a vowel is often phonemic, and relevant for determining meaning. For example, whca-y , meaning 'wrapping', versus whcáa-y , meaning 'swirling'. In some cases, however, the difference between a long and a short vowel is purely phonetic, and does not change word meaning. Ute devoices vowels in certain phonological or grammatical environments, as described in later sections. Devoiced vowels are marked in

462-565: The suffixes separated by a slash. Some older animate nouns have a silent final vowel rather than an explicit suffix. - p u is also used to derive inanimate nouns from verbs, such as piki - p u "rotten thing" from piki- "be rotten". -t u /-r u are used for animate nouns that derive from verbs or possession: thus, kaá-mi-t u "singer" derives from kaá-mi ya "sings" and piwa-gha-t u "married person, spouse" derives from piwa-n "my spouse". There are three ways plurality can be marked, and only animate nouns are marked for plurality. -u

SECTION 20

#1732845446540

484-559: The vowel [o] ; likewise g becomes a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] under the same conditions. Either k or g can become a voiceless velar fricative [x] when before a de-voiced word ending. Note here that coronals are produced as dental sounds rather than the alveolar sounds used in English. Syllables usually follow the CVCV pattern. All words must begin with a consonant, but other syllables may or may not include an onset. When an onset

#539460