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27-827: The formation received this name, because Caturrita is a neighbourhood ( barrio ) of Santa Maria . In Portuguese caturrita also refers to the monk parakeet . The sediments of the Caturrita Formation belong to the second unit of the Santa Maria Supersequence and overlie the Alemoa Member of the Santa Maria Formation . The clayey sediments of the Alemoa Member gradually give way to the more sandy, rarely conglomeratic, Caturrita Formation, which finishes with an unconformity. After this erosional event follow

54-880: A biozone for tetrapods , the so-called "Ictidosauria Assemblage Zone ″ Ca-1 . Ictidosaurs are tritheledontid cynodonts , a sister group of the mammals . This is the reason, why this biozone recently has been renamed as "Mammaliamorpha Cenozone" to underline the importance of the cynodont fossils. The Caturrita Formation also hosts the stratigraphic marker level "Jachaleria" named after the dicynodont Jachaleria candelariensis . Dinosaurs and other vertebrates have been discovered as well. In 1998 tracks of prosauropods have been found near Faxinal do Soturno that were most likely caused by Unaysaurus tolentinoi . The fossil finds are concentrated around three major areas: Santa Maria and northern surroundings (Água Negra) Faxinal do Soturno Candelária and surroundings (Linha São Luis) The following taxa have been discovered so far in

81-699: A combination of these, but such further subdivisions, though popular and common, are unofficial In the mainland United States , the term barrio is used to refer to inner-city areas overwhelmingly inhabited by first-generation Spanish-speaking immigrant families who have not been assimilated into the mainstream American culture. Some examples of this include Spanish Harlem in New York City, East L.A. in Los Angeles; and Segundo Barrio in Houston. Some of these neighborhoods are simply referred to as just "El Barrio" by

108-563: A highstand systems tract. The scarlet, ephemeral, mainly clayey fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Alemoa Member gradually cede to more sandy, occasionally gravelly deposits of a braided river -system that was operational all-year-round. These deposits of the Caturrita Formation settled out in an alluvial flood-plain. The changeover in sedimentary facies was accompanied by a climatic change to more humid conditions. The sediments are of continental nature ( red beds ) and form massive sandstone and siltstone bodies. The Caturrita Formation contains

135-488: A mosaic of the various barrios , surrounding the central administrative areas. As they matured, the barrios functionally and symbolically reproduced the city and in some way tended to replicate it. The barrio reproduced the city through providing occupational, social, physical and spiritual space. With the emergence of an enlarged merchant class, some barrios were able to support a wide range of economic levels. This led to new patterns of social class distribution throughout

162-580: A possible pubis, an ischium, a possible tibia and a metatarsal IV." An indeterminate sauropodomorph of uncertain phylogenetic placement, probably "closer to Plateosauria (...) than to Saturnalia -like basal–most sauropodomorphs". Sauropodomorpha indet. Indeterminate Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil "Three incomplete dinosaur specimens, an isolated sacral vertebra, an articulated left pubis–ischium and an isolated right ischium." An indeterminate sauropodomorph of uncertain phylogenetic placement, "probably more primitive than typical 'prosauropods' from

189-427: A rural or urban area anywhere in the country. A 1974 decree replaced the word barrio with barangay , the basic administrative unit of government, possessing an average population of 2,500 people. Barrio , however, is still widely used interchangeably with barangay . Both may refer to rural settlements or urban municipal districts (the latter formerly known as visitas ). It is alternatively spelled as baryo , though

216-578: A special socioeconomic connotation unless it is used in contrast to the centro (city center or downtown). The expression barrio cerrado (translated "closed neighborhood") is used to describe small upper-class residential settlements planned with an exclusive criterion and often physically enclosed in walls, that is, a kind of gated community . In Colombia , the term is used to describe any urban area neighborhood whose geographical limits are determined locally. The term can be used to refer to all classes within society. The term barrio de invasión or comuna

243-527: Is a Spanish word that means " quarter " or " neighborhood ". In the modern Spanish language, it is generally defined as each area of a city delimited by functional (e.g. residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), social, architectural or morphological features. In Spain , several Latin American countries and the Philippines , the term may also be used to officially denote a division of a municipality . Barrio

270-435: Is an arabism ( Classical Arabic بري barrī : "wild" via Andalusian Arabic bárri : "exterior"). In Argentina and Uruguay , a barrio is a division of a municipality officially delineated by the local authority at a later time, and it sometimes keeps a distinct character from other areas (as in the barrios of Buenos Aires , even if they have been superseded by larger administrative divisions). The word does not have

297-432: Is more often used to refer to shanty towns, but the term "barrio" has a more general use. [1] In Cuba , El Salvador and Spain , the term barrio is used officially to denote a subdivision of a municipio (or municipality); each barrio is subdivided into sectors ( sectores ). In the Philippines , the term barrio may refer to a rural village, but it may also denote a self-governing community subdivision within

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324-884: The Ancient Greek ἴχνος ( íchnos ) meaning "track" and English taxon , itself derived from Ancient Greek τάξις ( táxis ) meaning "ordering". Ichnotaxa are names used to identify and distinguish morphologically distinctive ichnofossils , more commonly known as trace fossils ( fossil records of lifeforms ' movement, rather than of the lifeforms themselves). They are assigned genus and species ranks by ichnologists , much like organisms in Linnaean taxonomy . These are known as ichnogenera and ichnospecies , respectively. "Ichnogenus" and "ichnospecies" are commonly abbreviated as "igen." and "isp.". The binomial names of ichnospecies and their genera are to be written in italics . Most researchers classify trace fossils only as far as

351-593: The Rhaetian sediments of the Mata Sandstone , the third unit of the Santa Maria Supersequence. The Caturrita Formation was once regarded as a member of the stratigraphically higher Botucatu Formation or was expanded to include the Mata Sandstone. The Caturrita Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 60 meters, but generally oscillates around values of 30 meters. Until 2018 no absolute ages had been determined, but

378-762: The Caturrita Formation: Unnamed prosauropod genus present in Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . Eubrontes Indeterminate Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . Two isolated footprints An ichnotaxon ; footprints of large theropod dinosaurs. Guaibasaurus G. candelariensis Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . Linha São Luiz "Partial postcranial skeleton and a fragmentary hindlimb." Sauropodomorph Sauropodomorpha indet. Indeterminate Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil "An incomplete right ilium, uninformative vertebral remains and other indeterminate fragments, plus four isolated and incomplete bones including

405-493: The Norian-Early Jurassic". Unaysaurus U. tolentinoi Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil Sauropodomorph Undetermined phytosaur genus. Cargninia C. enigmatica Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil Lepidosaur Clevosaurus C. brasiliensis Sphenodont Faxinalipterus F. minimus Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil Barrio Barrio ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbarjo] )

432-503: The city, e.g., one might make shoes, while another made cheese. Integration of daily life could also be seen in the religious sector, where a parish and a convento might serve one or more neighborhoods. The mosaic formed by the barrios and the colonial center continued until the period of independence in Mexico and Latin America . The general urban pattern was one where the old central plaza

459-637: The city. Those who could afford to locate in and around the central plazas relocated. The poor and marginal groups still occupied the spaces at the city's edge. The desire on the part of the sector popular to replicate a barrio was expressed through the diversity of the populace and functions and the tendency to form social hierarchies and to maintain social control. The limits to replication were mainly social. Any particular barrio could not easily expand its borders into other barrios , nor could it easily export its particular social identity to others. Different barrios provided different products and services to

486-495: The earliest dinosaurs are known. Outcrops of the Caturrita Formation are found in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . From the town of Taquari they follow for 250 kilometers a thin band in the central part of the state in an east-westerly fashion right up to Mata . The sediments of the Caturrita Formation belong to the upper section of the Santa Maria Supersequence. In terms of sequence stratigraphy they are equivalent to

513-481: The formation was most commonly assigned to a late Carnian to early Norian age on paleontological grounds. However, Rhaetian or even Early Jurassic age of this unit was also advocated in the literature. A U-Pb ( Uranium decay) dating found that the Caturrita Formation dated around 225.42 million years ago, putting it less than 10 million years younger than the Santa Maria and Ischigualasto Formations , from where

540-504: The ichnogenus rank, based upon trace fossils that resemble each other in morphology but have subtle differences. Some authors have constructed detailed hierarchies up to ichnosuperclass, recognizing such fine detail as to identify ichnosuperorder and ichnoinfraclass, but such attempts are controversial. Due to the chaotic nature of trace fossil classification, several ichnogenera hold names normally affiliated with animal body fossils or plant fossils. For example, many ichnogenera are named with

567-525: The locals, as opposed to using their actual names (Spanish Harlem, East L.A., Segundo Barrio, etc.). In Venezuela and the Dominican Republic , the term is commonly used to describe slums in the outer rims of big cities such as Caracas and Santo Domingo as well as lower- and middle-class neighborhoods in other cities and towns. Over the centuries, selectness in the Spanish Empire evolved as

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594-578: The preferred spelling is the Spanish one (barrio). In the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico , the term barrio is an official government designation used to denote a subdivision of a municipio and denotes the government's lowest level and geographically smallest officially recognized administrative unit. A barrio in Puerto Rico is not vested with political authority. It may or may not be further subdivided into sectors, communities, urbanizaciones , or

621-404: The social, cultural and functional attributes of the past. The few surviving barrios do so with a loss of traditional meaning. For most of them the word has become a descriptive category or a generic definition. Ichnotaxon An ichnotaxon (plural ichnotaxa ) is "a taxon based on the fossilized work of an organism", i.e. the non-human equivalent of an artifact . Ichnotaxon comes from

648-414: The space needs of local craftsman and the shelter needs of the working class. At times they were designed to meet municipal norms, but they usually responded to functional requirements of the users. Barrios were built over centuries of sociocultural interaction within urban space. In Mexico and in other Latin American countries with strong heritages of colonial centers, the concept of barrio no longer contains

675-537: The suffix -phycus due to misidentification as algae. Edward Hitchcock was the first to use the now common -ichnus suffix in 1858, with Cochlichnus . Due to trace fossils' history of being difficult to classify, there have been several attempts to enforce consistency in the naming of ichnotaxa. The first edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , published in 1961, ruled that names of taxa published after 1930 should be 'accompanied by

702-399: Was designated for collective uses, such as farming or grazing. This practice of peripheral land expansion laid the groundwork for later suburbanization by immigrants from outside the region and by real estate agents. At the edge of Hispanic American colonial cities there were places where work, trade, social interaction and symbolic spiritual life occurred. These barrios were created to meet

729-459: Was surrounded by an intermediate ring of barrios and emerging suburban areas linking the city to the hinterland. The general governance of the city was in the hands of a mayor and city councilors. Public posts were purchased and funds given to the local government and the royal bureaucracy. Fairness and equity were not high on the list of public interests. Lands located on the periphery were given to individuals by local authorities, even if this land

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