Catu is a city in Bahia , Brazil . Its population is 54,970 as of 2020. It is located at 12°20′59″S 38°22′59″W / 12.34972°S 38.38306°W / -12.34972; -38.38306 .
65-643: Catu is a prosperous city, with a prominent petroleum and commercial sector, both of which are equally well developed. It is known for its irregular topography and is located on the BR-110 between Salvador and Alagoinhas , approximately 78 km from the former and 32 km from the latter. It is part of Salvador's Metropolitan Region. When the Portuguese arrived in Bahia, the Patachó and Tupiniquim indigenous peoples inhabited
130-513: A lot of people to its hundreds of churches. Some aspects, like the use of Portuguese in the Masses, the simplification of the liturgy, and the adoption of " pop " religious songs are key factors to the triumph of Catholicism . In the Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos Church, Masses are held in th e Yorùbá language, making use of African chants and typical clothes, which attract many people from
195-625: A plant in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, in the city of Camaçari, the new industry will result 3,500 direct jobs and 10,000 indirect jobs, the production of 100,000 vehicles by year. In December 2001, Monsanto Company inaugurated, at the Petrochemical Pole of Camaçari, in Metropolitan Region of Salvador, the first plant of the company designed to produce raw materials for the herbicide Roundup in South America . The investment
260-458: A special schedule of events taking place every October. Bay of All Saints The Bay of All Saints ( Portuguese : Baía de Todos os Santos ), also known as All Saints' Bay and Todos os Santos Bay , is the principal bay of the Brazilian state of Bahia , to which it gave its name. It sits on the eastern coast of Brazil, surrounding part of Bahia's capital Salvador and opening to
325-511: A year until finally receiving Portugal's surrender of the town on 2 July 1823, which is now celebrated as Bahia Independence Day. The local elite was similarly hesitant during Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca 's later coup that established the republic in 1889. Owing to whales' use of the Bay of All Saints as a mating ground, Salvador became a large whaling port in the Southern Hemisphere during
390-471: Is peninsular , and the coast is bordered by the Bay of All Saints to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The Historic Center of Salvador , iconized on the outskirts of Pelourinho , is known for its colonial architecture, with historical monuments dating from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. The stage of one of
455-472: Is a major contact point between Portuguese and African influences and, in the last 20 years, Brazil's version of a North American-influenced Pentecostalism. Salvador was the seat of the first bishopric in colonial Brazil (established 1551), and the first bishop, Pero Fernandes Sardinha , arrived already in 1552. The Jesuits , led by the Manuel da Nóbrega , also arrived in the 16th century and worked in converting
520-531: Is considered one of the most modern in the World, especially in terms of lodging. The city offers accommodation to suit all tastes and standards, from youth hostels to international hotels. Construction is one of the most important activities in the city, and many international (mainly from Spain, Portugal and England) and national developers are investing in the city and in the Bahian littoral zone . JAC Motors will have
585-560: Is equivalent to US$ 500 million; US$ 350 million were spent in this initial phase. The Camaçari Plant, the largest unit of Monsanto outside of the United States, is also the only Monsanto plant manufacturing raw materials for the Roundup production line. The company started the civil works for the new plant in January 2000. Salvador's history as the first political capital of Brazil and as
650-682: Is the Feast de Yemanja every 2 February, on the shores of the borough of Rio Vermelho in Salvador, on the day the church celebrates Our Lady of the Navigators. 8 December, Immaculate Conception Day for Catholics, is also commonly dedicated to Yemanja' with votive offerings made in the sea throughout the Brazilian coast. Source: IBGE 2010. Throughout Brazilian history Salvador has played an important role. Because of its location on Brazil's northeastern coast,
715-465: Is the result of 500 years of interracial marriage . The majority of the population has African, European and Native American roots. The African ancestry of the city is from Benin , Nigeria , Angola , Congo , Ethiopia , Senegal and Mozambique . According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral heritage of the population of Salvador was estimated to be 49.2% African , 36.3% European and 14.5% Native American . The study also analyzed
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#1732938141027780-693: The African Brazilian communities. Most enslaved Africans in Bahia were brought from Sub-Saharan Africa , especially the Yorùbá -speaking nation ( Iorubá or Nagô in Portuguese) from present-day Benin . The enslaved were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism, but their original religion Yorùbá was combined with Roman Catholicism to make the syncretic religion known as, Candomblé , which has survived in spite of prohibitions and persecutions. The enslaved Africans managed to preserve their religion by attributing
845-617: The Americas . He entered the bay on All Saints' Day (November 1), 1501. He named the Bay of the Holy Savior of All the Saints after the date and his parish church in Florence , San Salvatore di Ognissanti . Initially, the bay, its principal settlement , and the captaincy around it all shared the same name, but they were eventually distinguished, the state becoming simply Bahia, the bay becoming
910-450: The Atlantic Ocean . It covers 1,223 square kilometers (472 sq mi), making it the largest bay in Brazil. Farol da Barra (Barra Lighthouse) , on the site of a historic fort, stands at the entrance of the bay. The Bay of All Saints is shallow along much of its area with an average depth of 9.8 meters (32 ft). The Paraguaçu River travels 500 kilometers (310 mi) to empty into
975-613: The Indigenous peoples of the region to Roman Catholicism . Many religious orders came to the city, following its foundation: Franciscans , Benedictines and Carmelites . Subsequently, to them are created the Third Orders, the Brotherhoods, and Fraternities, which were composed mainly of professional and social groups. The most prominent of these orders were the Terceira do Carmo Order and
1040-824: The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci sighted the bay on All Saints' Day (1 November) 1502 and, in honor of the date and his parish church in Florence , he named it the Bay of the Saint Savior of All the Saints . The first European to settle nearby was Diogo Álvares Correia ("Caramuru"), who was shipwrecked off the end of the peninsula in 1509. He lived among the Tupinambá , marrying Guaibimpara and others. In 1531, Martim Afonso de Sousa led an expedition from Mount St Paul ( Morro de São Paulo ) and, in 1534, Francisco Pereira Coutinho ,
1105-520: The biggest Carnivals in the world (the biggest street party in the world, according to the Guinness World Records ), the integration of the municipality to the UNESCO's Creative Cities Network as the "City of Music", a unique title in the country, added to the international recognition of Salvador's music. With more than 2.4 million inhabitants as of 2020, it is the most populous municipality in
1170-596: The largest in South America . Also due to these urban-population dimensions, it is classified by the IBGE study on the Brazilian urban network as a regional metropolis . In its reports for the years 2014 and 2020, the Research Network of Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) classified Salvador as a global city in the "Sufficiency" category (the smallest). Global city surveys by consultancy Kearney also included Salvador in
1235-553: The seat of the first Roman Catholic diocese erected in Brazil. The first parish church was the mud-and-thatch Church of Our Lady of Help ( Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Ajuda ) erected by the Jesuits ( Society of Jesus ), which served as the first cathedral of the diocese until the Jesuits finished construction of the original basilica on the Terreiro de Jesus in 1553. Its bishop
1300-457: The 19th century but the trade had already begun to fall off by the 1870s. Under the empire and republic periods, however, the town slowly began to industrialize. In 1873, Brazil's first elevator, the powerful hydraulic Elevador Lacerda , was constructed to connect the city's upper and lower towns. Having undergone several upgrades, it continues in use. By the First World War , it
1365-612: The 2018 and 2020 annual reports, while excluding it in the 2019. The economic center of the state, Salvador is also a port city , administrative and tourist center. Its metropolitan region has the highest GDP among urban concentrations in the Northeast. In 2018, it had the second-highest gross domestic product (GDP) among Northeastern municipalities. Furthermore, it is the headquarters of important regional, national and international companies, such as Novonor , Braskem , Neoenergy Coelba, and Suzano Papel e Celulose . In addition to companies,
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#17329381410271430-544: The 5th largest city in Brazil in terms of population. The city had 474,827 opposite-sex couples and 1,595 same-sex couples . The population of Salvador was 53.3% female and 46.7% male. According to the 2022 census , there were 2,417,678 people residing in the city of Salvador. The census revealed the following self-identification: 1,186,416 persons identify as Pardo ( Multiracial ) (49.1%); 825,509 as Black (34.1%); 398,688 as White (16.5%); and 4,395 as Amerindian (0.2%); 2,605 as Asian (0.1%). Salvador's population
1495-491: The Algarves 1815–1823 [REDACTED] Empire of Brazil 1823–1889 [REDACTED] Republic of Brazil 1889–present Salvador lies on a small, roughly triangular peninsula that separates the Bay of All Saints , the largest bay in Brazil, from the Atlantic Ocean . It was first reached by Gaspar de Lemos in 1501, just one year after Cabral 's purported discovery of Brazil . During his second voyage for Portugal ,
1560-672: The All Saints Bay. The capital's beaches range from calm inlets, ideal for swimming, sailing, diving and underwater fishing, as well as open sea inlets with strong waves, sought by surfers . There are also beaches surrounded by reefs , forming natural pools of stone, ideal for children. Interesting places to visit near Salvador include: The city is served by many shopping malls, including Shopping da Bahia (formerly Shopping Iguatemi), Salvador Shopping, Shopping Barra, and Shopping Paralela. Salvador has four parks, green areas protected, as Jardim dos Namorados Park, Costa Azul Park, Park of
1625-515: The Bay of All Saints, and the city becoming first Bahia and now (usually) Salvador. In 1501, one year after the arrival of Pedro Álvares Cabral 's fleet in Porto Seguro , Gaspar de Lemos arrived at the Bay of All Saints and sailed most of the Bahia coast. The first European to disembark in Morro de São Paulo was Martim Afonso de Sousa in 1531, while he was leading an expedition charged with exploring
1690-671: The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and more recently the Democrats (DEM). There are 43 councilors in the Salvador City Council, most recently elected in 2020. Geraldo Júnior (MDB) had been the president of the City Council. The Salvador coastline is one of the longest for cities in Brazil. There are 80 km (50 mi) of beaches distributed between
1755-611: The High City and the Low City, from Inema, in the railroad suburb to the Praia do Flamengo, on the other side of town. While the Low City beaches are bordered by the waters of the All Saints Bay (the country's most extensive bay), the High City beaches, from Farol da Barra to Flamengo, are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean . The exception is Porto da Barra Beach , the only High City beach located in
1820-512: The Northeast, the fifth most populous in Brazil, and the ninth largest Latin American city. It is the core of the metropolitan area known as "Great Salvador", which had an estimated 3,957,123 inhabitants in 2020 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This makes it the second most populous metropolitan area in the Northeast, the seventh in Brazil , and one of
1885-426: The abolition of slavery, expansion of the franchise and steady migration of Afro-Brazilians from the Bahian countryside into the city, the city's elected offices have and continue to be dominated by a mostly European-descended upper class in a majority Black city. Afro-Brazilians continue to be underrepresented politically and urban renewal efforts have increasingly displaced them out of the historical city center towards
1950-519: The area. The relocated workers, meanwhile, have encountered significant economic hardship in their new homes on the city's periphery, separated from access to work and civic amenities. In 2007, Porto da Barra Beach in Barra was named by the Guardian as the 3rd-best beach in the world. In 2010, the city hosted the 12th UN Congress on Crime Prevention . The city hosted the 2013 Confederations Cup and
2015-503: The bay and the coastal lowlands of the Reconcavo Basin are at its mouth. It contains 91 islands, the largest being Itaparica Island at its entrance. Other important islands include the Ilha dos Frades , ilha de Maré , ilha de Bom Jesus , and the small Ilha do Medo . The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci was the first European to visit the bay, during his second expedition to
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2080-422: The capital of Bahia has meant that the city has historically exerted significant influence of both state and federal politics. Because of its importance as the largest port for imported slaves in Brazil, its early political history was dominated by a conservative slaveholding class. Bahia was a monarchy stronghold during the movement for Brazilian independence and was the last to join the new Empire of Brazil. Despite
2145-718: The city hosts or has hosted many cultural, political, educational, sports events and organizations, such as the Bahia State University , the Federal University of Bahia , the Brazilian Army Complementary Training School, the Brazilian Surfing Confederation, the 12th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (in 2010), the third Ibero-American Summit (in 1993), the 2003 Pan-American Judo Championship,
2210-488: The city is an important preservation area of the Atlantic forest . It was completely renovated in 2001, becoming a modern social, cultural and leisure place. The new park has 720 square meter of green area right in the middle of the city. Among the attractions are Praça das Flores (Flowers square), with more than five thousand ornamental plants and flowers. Besides its environment, the park has an infrastructure for children, with
2275-523: The city makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. As the first capital of Colonial Brazil , the city is one of the oldest in the Americas . Its foundation in 1549 by Tomé de Sousa took place on account of the implementation of the General Government of Brazil by the Portuguese Empire . Centralization as a capital, along with Portuguese colonization, were important factors in shaping
2340-511: The city served as an important link in the Portuguese empire throughout the colonial era , maintaining close commercial ties with Portugal and Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia. Salvador remained the preeminent city in Brazil until 1763 when it was replaced as the national capital by Rio de Janeiro . In the last ten years many high-rise office and apartment buildings were constructed, sharing
2405-490: The city's Pelourinho neighborhood as a World Heritage Site . In the 1990s, a major municipal project cleaned and restored the neighborhood in order to develop it as the cultural center and heart of the city's tourist trade. The development of the Historical Center , however, involved the forced removal of thousands of working-class residents and now necessitates local and municipal events in order to attract people to
2470-505: The city, Park of Pituaçu. Jardim dos Namorados is located right next to Costa Azul Park and occupies an area of 15 hectares in Pituba , where many families used to spend their vacations in the 1950s. It was inaugurated in 1969, initially as a leisure area. It underwent a complete renovation in the 1990s, with the construction of an amphitheater with room for 500 people, sports courts, playgrounds and parking for cars and tourist buses. Park of
2535-406: The coast of the new continent. Salvador was a major slave port for the sugarcane fields of Brazil by the early 18th century. In the whaling days , it was also a popular spot, since the bay was a mating ground for whales . The northeast shore of the Bay of All Saints is home to Brazil's first active oil fields . The municipality of São Francisco do Conde , at the north of the bay, remains
2600-432: The colony before his assassination, freeing its slaves . The city was recaptured by a Luso-Spanish fleet under Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Mendoza on 1 May 1625. John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen , tried to conquer the city for his country, unsuccessfully besieging it between April and May 1638. In 1763, the colonial administration was removed to Rio de Janeiro and elevated to a viceroyalty . Salvador remained
2665-592: The de São Francisco Order, founded by white men, and the Nossa Senhora do Rosário and São Beneditino Brotherhoods, composed of black men. In many churches maintained by religious men, were housed the Santíssimo Sacramento brotherhoods. Besides these organizations, the expansion of Catholicism in the city was consolidated through social care work. Santa Casa the Misericórdia was one of the institution that did this kind of work, maintaining hospitals, shelters for
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2730-494: The district to a municipality. Santana de Catu had its name simplified by the state Decree number 7455 of July 23, 1931, which was validated by the Decree number 7479, of July 8 of the same year. It was promoted to a city on March 30, 1938. Since state Decree number 11089 of November 30, 1938, Catu has been composed of three districts: Catu (main district), Bela Flor (formerly São Miguel) and Sítio Novo, and since May 29, 1966 it has been
2795-457: The first captain of Bahia , established the settlement of Pereira in modern Salvador's Ladeira da Barra neighborhood. Mistreatment of the Tupinambá by the settlers caused them to turn hostile and the Portuguese were forced to flee to Porto Seguro c. 1546 . An attempted restoration of the colony the next year ended in shipwreck and cannibalism . The present city was established as
2860-585: The following ancestral composition in Salvador: 50.5% of African ancestry, 42.4% of European ancestry and 5.8% of Native American ancestry. The researchers explained they oversampled individuals living in poor environments (page 4). Another 2015 autosomal DNA found out Salvador to be 50.8% African, 42.9% European and 6.4% Native American. And another autosomal DNA study, also in 2015, found out Salvador to be: 50.8% European, 40.5% African and 8.7% Native American. Source: Planet Barsa Ltda. In Salvador, religion
2925-450: The fortress of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos ("Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints") in 1549 by Portuguese settlers under Tomé de Sousa , Brazil 's first governor-general . It is one of the oldest cities founded by Europeans in the Americas . From a cliff overlooking the Bay of All Saints, it served as Brazil's first capital and quickly became a major port for its slave trade and sugarcane industry. Salvador
2990-429: The foundation of the parish of Santa do Catu, enclosing the vast territory. In 1787, the then 12th Archbishop of Bahia, Dom Antônio Correia, founded the parish. Nearly half a century later, on July 23, 1830, priest João Nepomuceno Moreira de Pinho, the vicars of Santana do Catu and of Alagoinhas met to remove the limits of their parishes and came to an agreement. The new divisions were recognized on June 26, 1863, by
3055-461: The genetic backgrounds of people by type of surname. Those with surnames with a religious connotation were 53.1% African in genetic ancestry and tended to be in lower economic classes. During the colonial era, it was typical practice for Portuguese priests and missionaries to baptize converted African slaves and Native Americans with surnames of religious connotations. These have been passed down to their descendants. A 2015 autosomal DNA study found out
3120-549: The headquarters of Comarca. Salvador, Bahia Salvador ( Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [sawvaˈdoʁ] ) is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia . Situated in the Zona da Mata in the Northeast Region of Brazil , Salvador is recognized throughout the country and internationally for its cuisine , music , and architecture . The African influence in many cultural aspects of
3185-458: The heart of the Recôncavo , Bahia's rich agricultural maritime district, but was largely outside Brazil's early modernization. The area formed a center of royal Portuguese support against heir apparent Pedro I 's declaration of independence from European Portugal on 7 September 1822. Its elites initially remained loyal to the Portuguese crown while rebels from Cachoeira besieged them for
3250-457: The names and characteristics of their Yorùbá deities to Catholic saints with similar qualities. Still today all Candomble sessions are conducted in Yoruba, not Portuguese. These religious entities have been syncretised with some Catholic entities. For instance, Salvador's Feast of Bonfim , celebrated in January, is dedicated to both Our Lord of Bonfim ( Jesus Christ ) and Oxalá. Another important feast
3315-564: The north and Rio de Janeiro in the south. These were reunited as Brazil six years later, then redivided from 1607 to 1613. By that time, Portugal had become temporarily united with Spain and was ruled from Madrid by its kings. In 1621, King Philip III replaced the Governorate of Brazil with the states of Brazil , still based in Salvador and now controlling the south, and the Maranhão , which
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#17329381410273380-481: The poor and the elderly, as well providing assistance to convicts and to those who would face death penalties. The convents , on their part, were cultural and religious formation centers, offering seminar coursed that often were attended by the lay. Even with the present evolution, and the growth of Protestantism and other religions in the city, the Catholic faith remains as one of its most distinctive features, drawing
3445-585: The president of the Province, Dr. José Bonifácio Basconcelos de Azambuja. Santana do Catu became a city on July 26, 1868. With the inception of provincial law number 1058 on July 26, 1868, the municipality of Santana do Catu was created, containing territory from the previously called Vila de São Francisco. In the administrative division of 1911 Brazil, the municipality was composed of the districts Santana do Catu (main district), Pojuca and São Miguel, losing Pojuca with law number 979 of July 29, 1913, which promoted
3510-413: The profile of the municipality, as were certain geographic characteristics. The construction of the city followed the uneven topography , initially with the formation of two levels—Upper Town ( Cidade Alta ) and Lower Town ( Cidade Baixa )—on a steep escarpment , and later with the conception of valley avenues. With 692,818 square kilometers (267,499 sq mi) in area, its emerged territory
3575-527: The same blocks with colonial-era housing or commercial buildings. Salvador is the second most popular tourism destination in Brazil, after Rio de Janeiro . Tourism and cultural activity are important generators of employment and income, boosting the arts and the preservation of artistic and cultural heritage. Chief among the points of interest are its famous Pelourinho (named after the colonial pillories that once stood there) district, its historic churches, and its beaches. Salvador's tourism infrastructure
3640-461: The second Conference of Intellectuals from Africa and the Diaspora (in 2006), the 1989 Copa América , the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , the 2014 FIFA World Cup , and Group E of the women's football tournament in the 2016 Summer Olympics . [REDACTED] Portuguese Empire 1549–1815 [REDACTED] Dutch Brazil 1624–1625 [REDACTED] United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and
3705-507: The suburbs. Examples of the city's political elite include the Magalhães family, which in the last 50 years has held positions for mayor of Salvador ( Antônio Carlos and his grandson ACM Neto ), governor of Bahia (Antônio Carlos), senator (Antônio Carlos and his son Antônio Júnior) and federal deputy (uncle Luís Eduardo and nephew ACM Neto). The control of the state of Bahia, and by extension Salvador, under political boss Antônio Carlos Magalhães
3770-473: The territory where the city is now situated. These early inhabitants moved inland to the sertão , in order to escape Portuguese persecution. Up to 1782 historical facts are few and imprecise. The area where the city of Catu was built on is known to have integrated the captaincy of the count da Ponte, whereto many colonists migrated. It was left to the Catholic Church to take the first steps towards
3835-447: The year are December and January, when the city receives on average less than 10 cm (4 in) of precipitation. Salvador's wettest months are April, May and June, when at least 20 cm (8 in) of rain falls during each of these three months. In 2010, the city of Salvador was the third-most populous city in Brazil , after São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro . Currently, Salvador is
3900-544: Was centered on São Luís and controlled what is now northern Brazil. As Spain was then prosecuting a war against the independence of the Dutch , the Dutch East and West India companies tried to conquer Brazil from them. Salvador played a strategically vital role against Dutch Brazil , but was captured and sacked by a West India Company fleet under Jacob Willekens and Piet Hein on 10 May 1624. Johan van Dorth administered
3965-636: Was joined by a second elevator and Salvador was connected to four railroads : the Bahia & Alagoinhas to Joazeiro , the Bahia Central , the Nazareth Tramway , and a short line to Santo Amaro . Its central districts and the major suburbs of Bomfim and Victoria were served by four streetcar lines , which had begun to electrify. It also served as a port of call for most steamship lines trading between Europe and South America. In 1985, UNESCO listed
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#17329381410274030-464: Was long divided into an upper and a lower city, divided by a sharp escarpment some 85 meters (279 ft) high. The upper city formed the administrative, religious, and primary residential districts while the lower city was the commercial center, with a port and market. In the Roman Catholic Church , Brazil and the rest of the Portuguese Empire were initially administered as part of the Diocese of Funchal in Portugal but, in 1551, Salvador became
4095-421: Was made independent of the Archdiocese of Lisbon at the request of King Pedro II in 1676; he served as the primate of the Congo and Angola in central Africa until the elevation of the Diocese of Luanda on 13 January 1844 and its bishop still serves as the national primate and premier see (diocese) of Brazil. In 1572, the Governorate of Brazil was divided into the separate governorates of Bahia in
4160-440: Was marked by an authoritarian style of clientelism known locally as carlismo . Since January 2021, the mayor of Salvador has been Bruno Soares Reis of the União Brasil party (DEM). The office of mayor has a 4-year term and works with a deputy mayor, also an elected 4 year position. The current deputy mayor is Ana Paula Matos (PDT). In recent decades, the position has been held by mostly members of center-right parties such as
4225-425: Was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil at its Arena Fonte Nova . As part of its preparations for the World Cup, the city re-established its public transportation lines as the Salvador Metro . Salvador has a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ). Temperatures are relatively consistent, showing little variance throughout the course of the year. Salvador's driest months of
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