The Catalauni ( Gaulish : * Catu-uellaunoi 'war-chiefs') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Champagne region during the Roman period . The Catalauni probably belonged to a larger tribe, either the Remi in the north or the Lingones in the south. The Catuvellauni , who migrated to southern Britain in the 1st century BC, are likely part of the same tribal group.
19-481: They are mentioned as Catalaunos by Eutropius (4th c. AD), and as (Cat)alaunorum in the Notitia Dignitatum (5th c. AD). The ethnonym Catalauni is probably a latinized contracted form of Gaulish * Catu-uellaunoi ('war-chiefs, chiefs-of-war'), deriving from the stem catu- ('combat') attached to uellauni ('chiefs, commandants'). The name Catuvellauni , borne by a Celtic tribe of southern Britain,
38-531: A consul in 387. Eutropius's Summary of Roman History ( Latin : Breviarium Historiae Romanae ) or Summary from the Founding of Rome ( Breviarium ab Urbe Condita ) is a ten-chapter compendium of Roman history from its foundation to the short reign of Jovian . It was compiled with considerable care from the best accessible authorities. It was written in a clear and simple style, and it treats its subjects with general impartiality. The message of
57-475: A father of three, the ius trium liberorum , because his marriage was childless. Through Pliny, Suetonius came into favour with Trajan and Hadrian . Suetonius may have served on Pliny's staff when Pliny was imperial governor ( legatus Augusti pro praetore ) of Bithynia and Pontus (northern Asia Minor ) between 110 and 112. Under Trajan he served as secretary of studies (precise functions are uncertain) and director of Imperial archives. Under Hadrian, he became
76-483: A set formula: the descriptions of appearance, omens, family history, quotes, and then a history are given in a consistent order. He recorded the earliest accounts of Julius Caesar's epileptic seizures . The two last works were written in Greek. They apparently survive in part in the form of extracts in later Greek glossaries. The following list of Suetonius's lost works is from Robert Graves 's foreword to his translation of
95-521: Is a collective biography of the Roman Empire's first leaders, Julius Caesar (the first few chapters are missing), Augustus , Tiberius , Caligula , Claudius , Nero , Galba , Otho , Vitellius , Vespasian , Titus and Domitian . The book was dedicated to his friend Gaius Septicius Clarus , a prefect of the Praetorian Guard in 119. The work tells the tale of each Caesar's life according to
114-503: Is disputed. Some scholars claim he was born in Burdigala ( Bordeaux ) and was a man of medicine. Others, most notably Harold W. Bird, have dismissed these claims as being highly unlikely. Eutropius has been referred to as 'Italian' in other sources and supposedly held estates in Asia . Aside from that, his name was Greek, making it unlikely he came from Gaul . Confusion about this has arisen due to
133-522: Is particularly useful to historians for its account of the First Punic War , as no copy of Livy's original books for that period have survived. Its stylistic and methodological virtues caused it to be much used by later Roman chroniclers. In particular, it received expanded editions by Paul the Deacon and Landolf Sagax , which repeated the original text and then continued it into the reigns of Justinian
152-561: Is thus likely related. The city of Châlons-sur-Marne , attested in the 4th century as Durocatelaunos ( Cathalaunum in 1185), is named after the Belgic tribe. They probably originally settled in the area of the Remi , within the modern Champagne region . Their chief town, known as civitas Catalaunorum (modern-day Châlons-sur-Marne ), is not mentioned before the 4th century AD. Eutropius (historian) Eutropius ( fl. 363 –387)
171-650: The equestrian order ( tribunus angusticlavius ) in Legio XIII Gemina , and that Suetonius was educated when schools of rhetoric flourished in Rome. Suetonius was a close friend of senator and letter-writer Pliny the Younger . Pliny describes him as "quiet and studious, a man dedicated to writing". Pliny helped him buy a small property and interceded with the Emperor Trajan to grant Suetonius immunities usually granted to
190-667: The Apostate ( r . 361–363) on his expedition against the Sassanids in 363. He survived at least as late as the reign of the emperor Valens (364–378), to whom he dedicated his Summary of Roman History . Eutropius may have been the same Eutropius that was proconsul , or Governor of Asia from 371 to 372. He may have also been the Praetorian Prefect of the Illyrian Provinces from 380 to 381, as well as possibly being
209-473: The Emperors . At the end, he probably made use of his own personal experiences. The fact that the work ends with the reign of Jovian implies that it was written during the reign of either Valentinian I or Valens . If that was true, than the work would have been written between 364 and 378. The independent value of his Summary is small, but it sometimes fills a gap left by the more authoritative records. It
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#1732852511950228-542: The Great and Leo the Armenian respectively. It was translated into Greek by Paeanius around 380 and by Capito Lycius in the 6th century. The latter translation has survived almost in its entirety. Although Eutropius's style contains some idiosyncrasies, the work's plain style made it long a favorite elementary Latin schoolbook. A scholarly edition was compiled by H. Droysen in 1879, containing Capito Lycius's Greek edition and
247-646: The book is simple, that Romans always overcome their problems. This theme became especially important after the Battle of Adrianople. Eutropius stressed the importance of the Senate in his work. This is probably secret advice to Valens. For the Republican period, Eutropius depended upon an epitome of Livy . For the Empire , he appears to have used Suetonius and the now lost Enmannsche Kaisergeschichte , Enmann's History of
266-608: The early Imperial era of the Roman Empire . His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum , commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars , a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian . Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome , politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus
285-635: The emperor's secretary. Hadrian later dismissed Suetonius for his alleged affair with the empress Vibia Sabina . Suetonius is mainly remembered as the author of De Vita Caesarum —translated as The Life of the Caesars , although a more common English title is The Lives of the Twelve Caesars or simply The Twelve Caesars —his only extant work except for the brief biographies and other fragments noted below. The Twelve Caesars , probably written in Hadrian's time,
304-428: The expanded Latin editions of Paul and Landolf. There have been numerous English editions and translations, including Bird's. Suetonius Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus ( Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs] ), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( / s w ɪ ˈ t oʊ n i ə s / swih- TOH -nee-əs ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during
323-535: The fact that Eutropius was a popular name in late antiquity . Some believed him to have had Christian sympathies because in some manuscripts of his work he refers to Emperor Julian as an "excessive" persecutor of Christians, but this seems very unlikely. He was almost certainly a pagan and remained one under the emperor Julian 's Christian successors. He served as the imperial secretary ( Latin : magister memoriae ) in Constantinople . He accompanied Julian
342-498: Was a Roman official and historian . His book Breviarium Historiae Romanae summarizes events from the founding of Rome in the 8th century BC down to the author's lifetime. Appreciated by later generations for its clear presentation and writing style, the Breviarium can be used as a supplement to more comprehensive Roman historical texts that have survived in fragmentary condition. The exact background and birthplace of Eutropius
361-517: Was probably born about AD 69, a date deduced from his remarks describing himself as a "young man" 20 years after Nero 's death. His place of birth is disputed, but most scholars place it in Hippo Regius , a small north African town in Numidia , in modern-day Algeria . It is certain that Suetonius came from a family of moderate social position, that his father, Suetonius Laetus, was a tribune belonging to
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