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39-571: Commander, Carrier Strike Group 8 , abbreviated as CCSG-8 or COMCARSTRKGRU 8 , is one of five U.S. Navy carrier strike groups currently assigned to the United States Fleet Forces Command . As of 2018 the group flagship is the Nimitz -class aircraft carrier USS  Harry S. Truman  (CVN-75) . As of 2021, the other units of the group are the guided-missile cruiser USS  San Jacinto  (CG-56) , Carrier Air Wing One ,

78-442: A carrier air wing of 65 to 70 aircraft. A carrier strike group also, on occasion, includes submarines , attached logistics ships and a supply ship . The carrier strike group commander operationally reports to the commander of the numbered fleet , who is operationally responsible for the area of waters in which the carrier strike group is operating. Strike groups comprise a principal element of U.S. power projection capability;

117-503: A CSG's destroyer squadron are under the administrative control of Commander, Naval Surface Forces Atlantic or Commander, Naval Surface Forces Pacific . The Strike Group comprises several commands, all of which reside under the authority of the Commander of the CSG (CCSG or COMCARSTRKGRU). The CCSG is typically a rear admiral (lower half) , who often promotes to rear admiral (upper half) while in

156-468: A four-year Refueling and Complex Overhaul (RCOH). On 1 August 2011, the Navy announced that Carrier Strike Group Nine would change its permanent duty station from Naval Station Everett to Naval Base San Diego effective 14 December 2012. Carrier Strike Group Four was redesignated alongside the other groups in 2004, but has since been redesignated Commander Strike Force Training Atlantic . In 2014, CSFTLANT

195-423: A regular rotation of strike groups overseas, typically for six-eight months, based on the needs of Unified Combatant Commands that request strike group capabilities in their respective area of responsibility (AOR). The ships in the group often "disaggregate" from the carrier, performing missions hundreds or even thousands of miles away. The missions of the carrier strike groups include: CSGs are not restricted to

234-448: A single supercarrier holds enough firepower to rival the air forces of entire nations. Previously referred to as carrier battle groups (a term still used by other nations), they are often referred to by the carrier they are associated with (e.g., Enterprise Strike Group). As of March 2023 there are 11 carrier strike groups in the U.S. Navy. The carrier strike group is a flexible naval force that can operate in confined waters or in

273-456: A specific composition and can be modified depending on expected threats, roles, or missions during a deployment, and one may be different from another. The Navy states that "there really is no real definition of a strike group. Strike groups are formed and disestablished on an as-needed basis, and one may be different from another. However, they all are comprised of similar types of ships." A U.S. Navy carrier strike group typically includes: While

312-444: Is called underway replenishment . Furthermore, such ships often are designed with helicopter decks and hangars. This allows the operation of rotary-wing aircraft, which allows the resupply of ships by helicopter. This process is called vertical replenishment . These ships, when operating in concert with surface groups, can act as an aviation maintenance platform where helicopters receive more extensive maintenance than can be provided by

351-671: Is no longer in use. All of these oilers provide the combined services of the AO, AE, AFS and AK. The style " USNS " and prefix " T " identify a ship as being operated by a civilian crew under the Military Sealift Command (known as the Military Sea Transportation Service until 1970). There are three classes of vessels currently in commissioned service: Both the Henry J. Kaiser-class and Supply class will be replaced by

390-542: The Persian Gulf , Royal Australian Navy ships came under the control ('chopped to the OPCON') of Commander Carrier Group 8, Rear Admiral Mark P. Fitzgerald . Fitzgerald was also serving as Commander Task Force 50 (CTF 50) embarked in the carrier USS  Theodore Roosevelt  (CVN-71) . The group was established by redesignation of the former Carrier Group 8 on 1 October 2004. The Strike Group deployed on 2 January 2010 to

429-562: The Phalanx CIWS close-in weapons systems), small arms, machine guns and/or light automatic cannons. They may also carry man-portable air-defense systems for additional air defense capability. In the United States Navy , an Oiler is a Combat Logistics ship that replenishes other ships with fuel and in some cases food, mail, ammunition and other necessities while at sea, in a process called Underway Replenishment or UNREP. Up through

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468-508: The Second World War Navy oilers used commercial tanker hulls, with the addition of UNREP gear, defensive guns, and military electronic and damage-control equipment; since the 1950s however they have been built from the keel up as specialized naval auxiliaries. They were previously classified as Fleet Oilers in the 20th century; under the current MSC operation their full classification is listed as Fleet Replenishment Oilers . Since

507-791: The U.S. Fifth Fleet in Southwest Asia on rotation basis and one on permanent basis in the U.S. Seventh Fleet in the Western Pacific at all times. CSGs operate in the U.S. Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean, and U.S. Fourth Fleet around the South American continent as they transit to and from other areas. CSG Commanders report to their respective numbered-fleet commander, depending on where they are operating. When not deployed overseas west coast CSGs report to U.S. Third Fleet . USS  Theodore Roosevelt did not have an embarked CSG while

546-455: The fast combat support ship include the large British Fort class, displacing 31,066 long tons (31,565 t) and measuring 669 feet (204 m) in length and the United States' Supply -class USNS  Arctic , which displaces 48,800 long tons (49,600 t) and has an overall length of 754 feet (230 m). For all but the largest navies, replenishment oilers are typically one of

585-501: The 1960s the classification Transport Oiler (AOT) has applied to tankers which ship petroleum products to depots around the world, but do not engage in UNREP. The first fleet oilers were identified by the hull designation AO, which is still in use. Large, fast multifunction oilers which also provide ammunition and dry stores are identified as Fast Combat Support Ships (AOE), and mid-size ones Replenishment Oilers (AOR). The AOR designation

624-547: The Carrier Strike Group 8 command staff would deploy with Truman , instead of Eisenhower , in accordance with the U.S. Navy's Optimized Fleet Response Plan (O-FRP). This change does not affect the other ships or units that are otherwise assigned to either strike groups. On 24 January 2022 it was announced that the strike group had been placed under NATO command for planned exercises in the Mediterranean Sea . This

663-470: The Middle East to help with operations by the U.S. 5th and 6th Fleets. Effective 1 October 2012, when not deployed, Carrier Strike Group 8 is part of the U.S. Fleet Forces Command , and its commander reports to Commander Task Force 80 , the director of Fleet Forces' Maritime Headquarters. Carrier Strike Group 8 is designated Task Group 80.3. On 6 October 2014, U.S. Fleet Forces Command announced that

702-633: The U.S. Navy announced that USS  Theodore Roosevelt would shift its home-port to Naval Base San Diego , California, becoming part of the U.S. Third Fleet . As such, Theodore Roosevelt and its assigned carrier strike group would also deploy to the U.S. Seventh Fleet 's operating area in the western Pacific. As of January 2012 the U.S. Navy was committed to maintaining 11 carriers, but only had 10 active until USS  Gerald R. Ford went into service in 2017. On 4 August 2017, George Washington entered dry dock in Newport News, Virginia , for

741-459: The adoption of oil fired machinery, navies could extend the range of their ships either by maintaining coaling stations or for warships to raft together with colliers and for coal to be manhandled aboard. Though arguments related to fuel security were made against such a change, the ease with which liquid fuel could be transferred led in part to its adoption by navies worldwide. One of the first generation of "blue-water" navy oiler support vessels

780-515: The carrier Ronald Reagan , was reassigned to Carrier Strike Group Seven. Commander, Strike Force Training Pacific was subsequently redesignated as Carrier Strike Group Fifteen in 2014. The deactivation of Carrier Strike Group Seven effective 30 December 2011 reflects the U.S. Navy's future budgetary reductions and the reduced availability of its operational carrier fleet and carrier air wings. Replenishment oiler The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship

819-752: The carrier due to its superior command and control capabilities. In addition, supporting the CWC and the subordinate warfare commanders are coordinators who manage force sensors and assets within the strike group. The United States Navy maintains 9 carrier strike groups, 8 of which are based in the United States and one that is forward deployed to Japan. They were all redesignations of former Carrier Groups (CarGrus) and Cruiser-Destroyer Groups (CCDGs). The Fleet Response Plan requires that six CSGs be deployed or ready for deployment within 30 days at any given time, while two additional groups must be ready for deployment within 90 days. The Navy typically maintains at least one CSG in

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858-407: The carrier strike group is the various components' operational superior, administratively the ships and the carrier air wing are assigned to different U.S. Navy type commands (TYCOMs). Aircraft carriers and carrier air wings are under the administrative control of Commander, Naval Air Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet , or Commander, Naval Air Forces , Pacific. Escorts, including guided-missile cruisers and

897-463: The carrier was going through its four-year-long Refueling and Complex Overhaul (RCOH) which was expected to be completed by August 2013. Theodore Roosevelt was assigned to Carrier Strike Group Twelve subsequent to deactivation of USS  Enterprise on 1 December 2012. USS  Abraham Lincoln was shifted to Newport News, Virginia , for its Refueling and Complex Overhaul, in August 2012 which

936-679: The carrier's air wing contributes to the strike group's defense (through combat air patrols and airborne anti-submarine efforts). Thus, from a command and control perspective, carrier strike groups are combat organized by mission rather than by platform. The development of the U.S. Navy carrier battle group can be traced to the 1920s and was initially based on previous experience grouping battleships and other major surface combatants. In World War II , administratively, aircraft carriers were assigned to carrier divisions (CARDIVs). Operationally they were assigned to Task Forces, of which Task Force 11 , Task Force 16 and Task Force 17 perhaps gained

975-519: The change acknowledged cognizance that post war scenario of fleet action battles like the one at Battle of Midway were becoming increasingly unlikely. Carrier strike groups are tasked to accomplish a variety of wartime missions, as well as a wide variety of functions in situations short of war. The peacetime mission is to conduct forward presence operations, to help shape the strategic environment, deter conflict, build interoperability with allies, and respond to crises when necessary. The U.S. Navy provides

1014-567: The group. In battle, the CCSG is also known as the Composite Warfare Commander (CWC), who acts as the central command authority for the entire strike group. The CWC designates subordinate warfare commanders for various missions: SUWC and USWC responsibilities are often combined into Sea Combat Commander (SCC), usually delegated to the DESRON commander. The SCC performs these duties from aboard

1053-519: The job. The CCSG is the Immediate Superior in Command (ISIC) to the carrier, air wing, destroyer squadron, and cruiser commanding officers assigned to the strike group. As such, the CCSG is responsible for unit-level training, integrated training, and readiness for assigned ships and units, as well as maintaining administrative functions and material readiness tracking for ships and squadrons assigned to

1092-438: The largest ships in the fleet. Such ships are designed to carry large amounts of fuel and dry stores for the support of naval operations far away from port. Replenishment oilers are also equipped with more extensive medical and dental facilities than smaller ships can provide. Such ships are equipped with multiple refueling gantries to refuel and resupply multiple ships at a time. The process of refueling and supplying ships at sea

1131-695: The most fame for their roles in the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway . The single-carrier battle group was born with the military drawdown that followed World War II. Carrier Division 1 was redesignated Carrier Group 1 on 30 June 1973, and seemingly all Carrier Divisions were redesignated Carrier Groups on that date. Throughout the 1990s, the U.S. Navy's aircraft carrier groups were officially referred to as Carrier Battle Groups (CVBGs), and were commanded by either flag officers called Cruiser-Destroyer Group (CRUDESGRU) or Carrier Group (CARGRU) commanders. In

1170-406: The open ocean, during day and night, in all weather conditions. The principal role of the carrier and its air wing within the carrier strike group is to provide the primary offensive firepower, while the other ships provide defense and support. These roles are not exclusive, however. Other ships in the strike group sometimes undertake offensive operations (launching cruise missiles , for instance) and

1209-490: The previous Carrier Group 8's flagship was Eisenhower . In May and June 1998, Vella Gulf completed a two-month BALTOPS Cruise, taking part in the 26th annual maritime exercise BALTOPS '98 in the Western Baltic Sea from 8–19 June 1998. During the exercise, Commander, Carrier Group 8, commanded the exercise from the ship. From November 2001, at the commencement of Multinational Interception Force (MIF) operations in

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1248-540: The ships of Destroyer Squadron 28 as well as the Royal Norwegian Navy 's frigate HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (F310) , which joined the strike group for one deployment. The group was placed under NATO command as a result of the buildup of Russian forces on the Ukrainian border prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . During 1994, USS  Hue City  (CG-66) was a unit of Carrier Group 8. During 1999,

1287-539: The smaller hangars of the escorting ships. Their size, additional facilities, and ability to support the operation of other vessels, means that replenishment oilers have been used as command ships , with some ships, such as the French Durance class , this capability being built into the vessels from the start. Because the replenishment oiler is not a combat unit, but rather a support vessel, such ships are often lightly armed, usually with self-defense systems (such as

1326-651: The summer of 1992, the U.S. Navy instituted a concept that mandated greater task group integration of naval air and surface warfare assets into a more permanent carrier battle group structure. Each of the Navy's 12 existing carrier battle groups consisted of an aircraft carrier; an embarked carrier air wing; cruisers, destroyer, and frigate units; and two nuclear-powered attack submarines . On 1 October 2004, carrier groups and cruiser-destroyer groups were redesignated carrier strike groups. The change in nomenclature from 'Battle' to 'Strike' appears to have been in connection with an increasing emphasis on projecting air power ashore;

1365-498: Was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships , which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler ; construction of the first is planned for 2026. The development of the "oiler" paralleled the change from coal- to oil-fired boilers in warships. Prior to

1404-410: Was again redesignated as Carrier Strike Group 4, retaining its role as the training and certification command for all US Fleet Forces assigned warships. Carrier Strike Group Six was established from Carrier Group Six with USS  John F. Kennedy at Naval Station Mayport in 2004, but seems to have since been disestablished. Carrier Strike Group Fifteen has been disestablished, and its flagship,

1443-449: Was delayed until March 2013. On 14 January 2014, the U.S. Navy announced that USS  Ronald Reagan would replace USS  George Washington as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group Five , the only forward-based carrier strike group home-ported at Yokosuka , Japan, as part of the U.S. Seventh Fleet . George Washington was scheduled to shift to Newport News for its mid-life Refueling and Complex Overhaul. On 14 January 2014,

1482-1186: Was the British RFA Kharki , active 1911 in the run-up to the First World War . Such vessels heralded the transition from coal to oil as the fuel of warships and removed the need to rely on, and operate within range of coaling stations. During the Second World War , the United States Navy's dramatically enlarged fleets, especially those in the Pacific Theater , required massive quantities of black oil, diesel oil , avgas , and other fuels and lubricants to support American land, sea, and air operations against remote, widely dispersed Japanese forces. Those supply demands resulted in U.S. Navy personnel refining many established practices for oilers and creating new procedures for replenishing warships while underway and for transporting highly combustible materials with increased effectiveness through hostile waters and over vast ocean distances. Modern examples of

1521-519: Was the first time a full US carrier strike group had been placed under NATO command since the Cold War . Carrier Air Wing One comprises: Carrier strike group A carrier strike group ( CSG ) is a type of carrier battle group of the United States Navy . It is an operational formation composed of roughly 7,500 personnel, usually an aircraft carrier , at least one cruiser , a destroyer squadron of at least two destroyers or frigates , and

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